Abstract: A powder for coating or sintering has a peak assigned to cubic Y3Al5O12 and a peak assigned to orthorhombic YAlO3 exhibited in X-ray diffractometry, and the intensity ratio of the peak assigned to the (112) plane of the orthorhombic YAlO3 to the peak assigned to the (420) plane of the cubic Y3Al5O12 is at least 0.01 and less than 1. Alternatively, a powder for coating or sintering includes a composite oxide of yttrium and aluminum, and the volume of pores with a pore size of from 0.1 to 1 ?m of the powder is at least 0.16 mL/g. It is preferable that, in X-ray diffractometry using CuK? radiation with a scan range of 2?=20° to 60°, a peak assigned to the cubic Y3Al5O12 is a peak that shows the highest peak intensity.

Abstract: A CW laser with a rotating ring gain element is disclosed. The ring is pumped at multiple locations and the laser generates a mid-IR output. Multiple pumped gain portions of the ring provide a power scaled output. The gain portions may be positioned in a single resonator cavity, in multiple resonator cavities, and in MOPA architectures with associated focusing, folding, and combining optical elements.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatuses for detecting and preventing memory attacks are described. In one embodiment, for example, an apparatus may include at least one memory comprising a shared memory and a system memory, logic, at least a portion of the logic comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one shared memory, the logic to implement a memory monitor to determine a memory attack by an attacker application against a victim application using the shared memory, and prevent the memory attack, the memory monitor to determine that victim data is being reloaded into the shared memory from the system memory, store the victim data in a monitor memory, flush shared memory data stored in the shared memory, and write the victim data to the shared memory. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: An error correction circuit includes an error correction code (ECC) encoder and an ECC decoder. The ECC encoder generates, based on a main data, a parity data using an ECC represented by a generation matrix and stores a codeword including the main data and the parity data in a target page. The ECC decoder reads the codeword from the target page as a read codeword based on an externally provided address to generate different syndromes based on the read codeword and a parity check matrix which is based on the ECC, and applies the different syndromes to the main data in the read codeword to correct a single bit error when the single bit error exists in the main data or to correct two bit errors when the two bit errors occur in adjacent two memory cells in the target page.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for growing epitaxial metal oxide as buffer for epitaxial III-V layers. A layer structure includes a base layer and a first rare earth oxide layer epitaxially grown over the base layer. The first rare earth oxide layer includes a first rare earth element and oxygen, and has a bixbyite crystal structure. The layer structure also includes a metal oxide layer epitaxially grown directly over the first rare earth oxide layer. The metal oxide layer includes a first cation element selected from Group III and oxygen, and has a bixbyite crystal structure.

Abstract: A headset system is described herein including a number of features including a frame and optical element. The headset system may include different combinations of an attachment mechanism to attach the frame and optical element; an alignment mechanism to align the optical element in a predetermined relative location to the frame; a retention mechanism to retain an inserted mobile device into the frame in a predetermined, relative location to the frame; a head restraint system including one or more straps; and combinations thereof. The retention mechanism may include an elastic cover over the frame. The straps may include reinforcement features, mated connection features, and combinations thereof. The reinforcement feature may include a concave, ovoid, indentation on an inner surface of the strap.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laser device which uses alexandrite crystal and is capable of suppressing abnormal oscillation even if the size thereof is reduced and suppressing damage to an AR coating on a Q switch or alexandrite crystal, and a photoacoustic measurement device. A laser rod 11 includes alexandrite crystal. A flash lamp 12 irradiates the laser rod 11 with excitation light. A resonator includes a pair of mirrors 14 and 15 with the laser rod 11 sandwiched therebetween. A Q switch 16 is inserted into the optical path of the resonator and controls the Q value of the resonator. A polarizer 17 is inserted into the resonator and is a non-coated Brewster polarizer which selectively transmits light in a predetermined polarization direction among light emitted from the laser rod.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of optimising an optical system of a mode-locked laser oscillator or a regenerative, multi-pass or single pass amplifier. The method may include the steps of identifying crystallographic axes of an active laser gain medium crystal, cutting the crystal, and orienting the crystal in the optical system in a predetermined orientation relative to a propagation vector of a laser pulse depending on the required output of the optical system.

Abstract: Masers and microwave amplifiers that can function in the continuous-wave mode at room temperature are provided. The maser system can include a diamond gain medium having nitrogen-vacancy centers, and a resonator can be disposed around the gain medium. The resonator can be disposed in a cavity box, and radiation (e.g., visible light) can be provided to the gain medium to cause emission of microwave radiation.

Abstract: A configuration is provided with a laser medium 1 of a refractive index nc that is an isotropic medium and includes an upper surface and a lower surface, where at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface is bonded with a cladding 2 having a refractive index satisfying a relationship of no<nc<ne or ne<nc<no. This allows selective output of only polarized light generated by a refractive index in the cladding 2 smaller than the refractive index nc at a desired wavelength (e.g. 1535 nm) which can be implemented by using the isotropic medium.

Abstract: Techniques for deterministic switch microscopy include resolving at least one nitrogen vacancy center in a diamond structure. A magnetic field can be applied across the diamond structure and the nitrogen vacancy centers can be optically excited. The nitrogen vacancy centers can be switched from a dark state to a bright state or a bright state by a dark state by applying at least one microwave pulse. A fluorescent response of each nitrogen vacancy center can be detected and a nitrogen vacancy center can be resolved based on the fluorescent response of each nitrogen vacancy center as it corresponds to the orientation of the nitrogen vacancy center relative to the applied magnetic field.

Abstract: Single crystals are described that contain several regimes within the crystal that perform different functions related to the enhanced performance of a laser gain medium. At least one regime of the single crystals can be utilized to suppress amplified spontaneous emission and parasitic oscillation in a laser gain medium. A single crystal can include core and cladding regions, the cladding region providing amplified spontaneous emission suppression. The core region of the crystal can include as dopant one or more ions that take part in the lasing when suitably pumped. The amplified spontaneous emission suppression region can include as dopant one or more ions that can prevent additional spontaneous emission that can to depletion of the upper laser states, thus reducing laser performance including one or more ions that absorb spontaneously emitted photons and/or a higher concentration of the active lasing ions of the core.

Abstract: A coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation source is provided that includes a non-linear optical conversion material solid substrate disposed for nonlinear conversion of infrared (IR) coherent radiation into XUV coherent radiation, where the solid substrate includes an IR coherent radiation region, and an XUV coherent radiation waveguide region, where the IR coherent radiation region is optically coupled to the XUV coherent radiation waveguide region, where the XUV coherent radiation converted from the IR coherent radiation by the non-linear optical conversion material propagates in and outputs from the XUV coherent radiation waveguide region.

Abstract: The invention relates to solid state light source, a use of a driver circuit for driving a light emitting element (150) of a solid state light source, a method for driving a light emitting element (150) of a solid state light source and a corresponding computer program. The invention provides that for a large amount of an AC period the light emitting element (150) is directly supplied with the AC input directly forwarded by the driver circuit, wherein nevertheless it is prevented that power exceeding a desired level reaches the light emitting element (150). The invention is aimed at a realization with simplified components and/or reduced costs in comparison to known techniques.

Abstract: Disclosed are heterogeneous crystals for use in a laser cavity and methods of forming the crystals. A crystal can be a monolithic crystal containing regions that are based upon the same host material but differ from one another according to some material feature such that they can perform various functions related to lasing. Disclosed methods include hydrothermal growth techniques for the growth of differing epitaxial layers on a host. A host material can be doped in one region with a suitable active lasing ion and can be formed with another region that is undoped and can act as an endcap, a waveguide cladding layer, or a substrate to provide strength and/or contact to a heat sink. Regions can be formed with controlled thickness in conjunction. Following formation, a heterogeneous crystal can be cut, polished and coated with mirror films at each end for use in a laser cavity.

Abstract: A laser gain element including an undoped layer of a monoclinic double tungstate (MDT) crystal, and a method of forming a laser gain element are provided. The laser gain element includes a layer of doped MDT crystal adjacent to the undoped layer, the doped MDT layer including a pre-selected concentration of rare earth ions. The layer of doped MDT crystal has an absorption peak at a first wavelength and an emission peak at a second wavelength longer than the first wavelength; and the layer of doped MDT crystal has a fluorescence emission with a weighted average at a third wavelength shorter than the first wavelength. A laser resonator cavity formed with a plurality of composite gain elements as above is also provided.

Abstract: A high-gain optical amplifier for a wave to be amplified at a wavelength referred to as the emission wavelength, includes: optical pumping elements (4) producing a pump wave at a wavelength referred to as the pump wavelength; a solid amplifying medium (1) that is doped with active ions, the solid amplifying medium being capable of emitting laser radiation at the emission wavelength when the medium is pumped by the pumping elements; cooling elements (2) capable of cooling the solid amplifying medium to a temperature of no higher than 250 Kelvin; and optical multiplexing elements capable of coupling together the pump wave and the wave to be amplified in the amplifying medium. The amplifying medium has Stark sublevels contained within a spectral domain ranging over less than 200 cm?1 (approximately 20 nm, when expressed in wavelength). A laser including a resonant optical cavity and an amplifier are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for anisotropic pumping of a Kerr lens modelocked laser. Direct diode laser pumping of an ultrafast Kerr lens modelocked laser oscillator is accomplished. Diode lasers generate severely anisotropic beams, meaning the pump beam has a higher-beam-quality dimension and a lower-beam-quality dimension. By spatially overlap of the pump beam higher-beam-quality dimension and the KLM laser mode, KLM operation is accomplished. Multiple laser diode pump beams are combined in counterpropagating and same-side configurations.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a grating is disclosed for the angular dispersion of light impinging the grating. The grating comprises tapered structures and cavities. A cavity width and/or corrugation amplitude is varied for achieving a desired grating efficiency according to calculation. A method is disclosed for conveniently creating gratings with variable cavity width and/or corrugation amplitude. The method comprises the step of anisotropically etching a groove pattern into a grating master. Optionally a replica is produced that is complementary to the grating master. By variation of an etching resist pattern, the cavity width of the grating may be varied allowing the optimization towards different efficiency goals.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the invention relates to a laser gain module (1) comprising: a laser rod (5) having a shaft and two optical interfaces (7, 9) facing each other, the rod (5) being used for longitudinal or quasi-longitudinal optical pumping; and a metal cooling body (3), at least one part of which is molded around the laser rod (5) in order to cover all of the surfaces other than the optical interfaces in such a way that the laser gain module (1) forms a solid body that cannot be disassembled at ambient temperature.

Abstract: There is disclosed a femtosecond laser apparatus including a first laser material comprising Ng, Np and Nm axes spatially perpendicular to each other; a second laser material comprising Np axis, Nm axis and Ng axis; and a first laser diode and second laser diodes, wherein the traveling direction of laser beams generated from the first and second laser materials is substantially parallel to Ng axis of the first laser material and the polarizing direction of laser beams generated from the first and second laser materials is substantially parallel to Np axis of the first laser material, and the traveling direction of laser beams generated from the first and second laser materials is substantially parallel to Np axis of the second material and the polarizing direction of laser beams generated from the first and second laser materials is substantially parallel to Nm axis of the second laser material.

Abstract: A laser processing method of applying a pulsed laser beam to a single crystal substrate to thereby process the single crystal substrate. The laser processing method includes a numerical aperture setting step of setting the numerical aperture (NA) of a focusing lens for focusing the pulsed laser beam so that the value obtained by dividing the numerical aperture (NA) of the focusing lens by the refractive index (N) of the single crystal substrate falls within the range of 0.05 to 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laser (1) for emitting laser light in the visible spectral range. A rare earth doped anisotropic crystal (2) comprising a 5d-4f transition is arranged within a laser resonator (7, 8), and a pumping light source (3) pumps the crystal (2) for generating laser light in the visible spectral range by using the 5d-4f transition. The 5d-4f transition of the rare earth doped anisotropic crystal comprises an absorption band extending over several nm. Thus, pump light having a wavelength within a relatively broad wavelength range can be used. This reduces the requirements with respect to the wavelength accuracy of the pumping light source and, thus, more pumping light sources of an amount of produced pumping light sources can be used for assembling the laser, thereby reducing the amount of rejects.

Abstract: A solid laser apparatus which includes: two reflection elements for forming an oscillator; a plate-shaped gain medium being disposed between the two reflection elements, thereby augmenting a stimulated emission light in a thickness-wise direction; a doughnut- or deformed-doughnut-type planar waveguide being disposed so as to make an inner peripheral face thereof come in contact with an outer peripheral face of the plate-shaped gain medium; and a plurality of excited-light sources being directed in five or more directions, the excited-light sources being coupled to an outer peripheral face of the doughnut- or deformed-doughnut-type planar waveguide so as to make excited lights propagate from the outer peripheral face of the doughnut- or deformed-doughnut-type planar waveguide to the plate-shaped gain medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling a laser apparatus, which has a laser light irradiation unit, an excitation unit including a flash lamp, a laser light shielding unit, and a control unit configured to control light shielding by the light shielding unit and release of the light shielding and control setting conditions of the flash lamp. The control unit performs a process of blocking the laser light by the light shielding unit when irradiation of the laser light is stopped, then performs a process of controlling the setting condition so that consumption of the flash lamp is reduced, performs, when the irradiation is restarted, a process of controlling the setting conditions so that the laser light is stably irradiated, and then performs a process of releasing the light shielding.

Abstract: Laser-induced damage in an optical material can be mitigated by creating conditions at which light absorption is minimized. Specifically, electrons populating defect energy levels of a band gap in an optical material can be promoted to the conduction band—a process commonly referred to as bleaching. Such bleaching can be accomplished using a predetermined wavelength that ensures minimum energy deposition into the material, ideally promoting electron to just inside the conduction band. In some cases phonon (i.e. thermal) excitation can also be used to achieve higher depopulation rates. In one embodiment, a bleaching light beam having a wavelength longer than that of the laser beam can be combined with the laser beam to depopulate the defect energy levels in the band gap. The bleaching light beam can be propagated in the same direction or intersect the laser beam.

Abstract: A solid-state laser apparatus may include: a master oscillator configured to output laser light having at least one longitudinal mode, the master oscillator being capable of changing the spectral linewidth of the laser light output therefrom; at least one amplifier located downstream of the master oscillator on an optical path; a wavelength converter located downstream of the amplifier on the optical path; a detector configured to detect the spectrum of the laser light; and a controller configured to control the spectral linewidth of the laser light output from the master oscillator based on a detection result of the detector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laser apparatus of amplifying a laser pulse output using an anisotropic laser crystal through chirped pulse amplification. The laser apparatus includes a laser resonator. The laser resonator includes a plurality of anisotropic laser crystals, generates a shorter femtosecond pulse by widening a spectrum bandwidth through a combination of different gain spectrum distributions using the anisotropic laser crystals, and allows a laser beam to travel in axial directions with different thermal characteristics of the anisotropic layer crystals in order to reduce a thermal effect.

Abstract: A planar waveguide laser device forms a waveguide by a plate-like laser medium (1) having birefringence and clad (2a, 2b) attached to at least one of the surfaces of the laser medium (1) perpendicular to its thickness direction, amplifies laser light by a gain produced by excitation light incident on the laser medium (1), and performs laser oscillation. The laser medium (1) is formed of a material having an optic axis on a cross section perpendicular to the light axis, which is the laser travelling direction. The clad (2a, 2b) is formed of a material having a refractive index in a range between refractive indexes of two polarized lights that travel along the light axis in the laser medium (1) and have oscillation surfaces that are orthogonal to each other. The planar waveguide laser device readily oscillates linearly polarized laser light.

Abstract: A passively Q-switched laser comprises a pump laser diode, a micro laser resonant cavity including a lasing medium and a saturable absorber, a filter and a photodiode. The lasing medium and saturable absorber are bonded together, and dielectric film is coated on the surfaces of the bonded body to form the laser resonant cavity. The filter reflects a portion of the Q-switched laser pulse beam. The photodiode can detect and convert the laser pulse to electric signal for triggering purpose.

Abstract: An array of Surface Emitting Laser (SEL) elements can be used to efficiently pump a disk or rod of solid-state laser glass or crystal, or harmonic-generating crystal. Placing the laser array chip against or near the surface of this solid-state material provides very high and uniform optical power density without the need for lenses or fiber-optics to conduct the light from typical edge-emitting lasers, usually formed in a stack of bars. The lasers can operate in multi-mode output for highest output powers. Photolithography allows for an infinite variety of connection patterns of sub-groups of lasers within the array, allowing for spatial contouring of the optical pumping power across the face of the solid-state material. The solid-state material may be pumped either within (intra-cavity) or externally (extra-cavity) to the SEL laser array.

Abstract: A monoblock laser cavity incorporates optical components for a short-pulse laser. These optical components are ‘locked’ into alignment forming an optical laser cavity for flash lamp or diode laser pumping. The optical laser cavity does not need optical alignment after it is fabricated, increasing the brightness of the monoblock laser.

Abstract: A compact solid state laser that generates multiple wavelengths and multiple beams that are parallel, i.e., bore-sighted relative to each other, is disclosed. Each of the multiple laser beams can be at a different wavelength, pulse energy, pulse length, repetition rate and average power. Each of the laser beams can be turned on or off independently. The laser is comprised of an optically segmented gain section, common laser resonator with common surface segmented cavity mirrors, optically segmented pump laser, and different intra-cavity elements in each laser segment.

Abstract: [Object] An object of the invention is to provide a laser device having high optical amplification efficiency. [Solving Means] A laser device 100 includes: an optical fiber 20 which includes a core 21 and a clad 22 and through which seed light and pumping light propagate; and a glass rod 50 which is doped with rare earth elements, has a diameter larger than that of the core 21, wherein the seed light and the pumping light output from the optical fiber 20 are input to the glass rod 50 to have increased diameters, and output light including at least the amplified seed light is output from the glass rod 50.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for automatic correction of beam waist position drift in real time, using wafer inspection data taken during normal tool operation. Also disclosed herein is an improved laser astigmatism corrector for use either internal or external to the laser.

Abstract: A device for emitting a laser beam comprises a cylindrical solid amplifier medium, having a fluorescence wavelength ?, delimited by a surface ? connecting two faces and intended to be pumped through both the faces, or one of them, in order to become a gain medium. It comprises a cooling fluid of thermal conductivity Cr in contact with the amplifier medium over one of the faces, and an index matching liquid that absorbs or scatters the fluorescence wavelength, of thermal conductivity Ci<0.3 Cr, in contact with the amplifier medium over its surface ?.

Abstract: A compact solid state laser that generates multiple wavelengths and multiple beams that are parallel, i.e., bore-sighted relative to each other, is disclosed. Each of the multiple laser beams can be at a different wavelength, pulse energy, pulse length, repetition rate and average power. Each of the laser beams can be turned on or off independently. The laser is comprised of an optically segmented gain section, common laser resonator with common surface segmented cavity mirrors, optically segmented pump laser, and different intra-cavity elements in each laser segment.

Abstract: A lasing medium having a tailored dopant concentration and a method of fabrication thereof is disclosed. The lasing medium has a single crystal having a continuous body having a selected length, wherein the crystal comprises dopant distributed along the length of the body to define a dopant concentration profile. In one embodiment, the dopant concentration profile results in a uniform heating profile. A method of fabricating a laser crystal having a tailored dopant concentration profile includes arranging a plurality of polycrystalline segments together to form an ingot, the polycrystalline segments each having dopant distributed, providing a crystal seed at a first end of the ingot, and moving a heating element along the ingot starting from the first end to a second end of the ingot, the moving heating element creating a moving molten region within the ingot while passing therealong.

Abstract: Current may be passed through an n-doped semiconductor region, a recessed metal semiconductor alloy portion, and a p-doped semiconductor region so that the diffusion of majority charge carriers in the doped semiconductor regions transfers heat from or into the semiconductor waveguide through Peltier-Seebeck effect. Further, a temperature control device may be configured to include a metal semiconductor alloy region located in proximity to an optoelectronic device, a first semiconductor region having a p-type doping, and a second semiconductor region having an n-type doping. The temperature of the optoelectronic device may thus be controlled to stabilize the performance of the optoelectronic device.

Abstract: A photonic crystal laser capable of producing a radially-polarized halo-shaped laser beam having a smaller width than conventional beams includes: an active layer; a ring-shaped photonic crystal including a plate-shaped base body on one side of the active layer, the base body having a number of modified refractive index areas of the same shape, the modified refractive index areas having a refractive index different from the base body and periodically arranged in the circumferential direction of a ring, and each of the modified refractive index areas being asymmetrically shaped with respect to an axis extending through the center of the modified refractive index area in the radial direction of the ring; a first and second electrode facing each other across the active layer and the ring-shaped photonic crystal; and a window provided in the second electrode capable of allowing passage of a laser light generated from the ring-shaped photonic crystal.

Abstract: A laser light source device includes a pump light source which emits transverse-multimode light; a plurality of resonator mirrors which define a resonator, at least part of the resonator mirrors outputting light to the outside, where the output light having plural wavelengths; a laser medium arranged in the resonator, the laser medium being pumped with the transverse-multimode light emitted from the pump light source; and a wavelength conversion element arranged in the resonator, the wavelength conversion element being irradiated with a transverse-multimode line beam of fundamental wave obtained by oscillation at the laser medium and outputting a line beam of converted wave.

Abstract: A light emitting device with a ?-cavity including a first spacer of single crystal dielectric material and an active area including single crystal erbium dielectric material positioned on the first spacer. The erbium dielectric material and the single crystal dielectric material of the first spacer are substantially crystal lattice matched at their juncture. A second spacer of single crystal dielectric material is positioned on the active area. The erbium dielectric material and the single crystal dielectric material of the second spacer are substantially crystal lattice matched at the second surface. The high-? erbium dielectric provides a high gain ?-cavity that emits increased amounts of light in either spontaneous or stimulated modes of operation.

Abstract: A monoblock laser cavity incorporates optical components for a short-pulse laser. These optical components are ‘locked’ into alignment forming an optical laser cavity for flash lamp or diode laser pumping. The optical laser cavity does not need optical alignment after it is fabricated, increasing the brightness of the monoblock laser.

Abstract: A side-pumped, diode-pumped solid-state laser cavity includes a conductively cooled housing having an opening for pump radiation from a diode array in close proximity to a laser rod. The pump light is absorbed by the rod and excites the laser ions. The cavity includes a thin, diffuse reflector encircling the rod, having a shaped opening for the collection and redirection of the pump light into the rod, and a good heat conductor as the heat sink and heat conductor. A split heat sink inhibits the flow of heat from the pump diodes into the laser rod, and pre-formed air spacings are designed to provide uniform temperature distribution around the laser rod.

Abstract: High performance and high reliability of a semiconductor laser device having a buried-hetero structure are achieved. The semiconductor laser device having a buried-hetero structure is manufactured by burying both sides of a mesa structure by a Ru-doped InGaP wide-gap layer and subsequently by a Ru-doped InGaP graded layer whose composition is graded from InGaP to InP, and then, by a Ru-doped InP layer. By providing the Ru-doped InGaP graded layer between the Ru-doped InGaP wide-gap layer and the Ru-doped InP layer, the Ru-doped InGaP wide-gap layer and the Ru-doped InP layer not lattice-matching with each other can be formed as a buried layer with excellent crystallinity.

Abstract: A laser light source is provided with a pump light source (1) comprising a semiconductor laser, a solid laser medium (2) which is excited by the semiconductor laser, and multi-mode means for changing at least either a longitudinal mode or a transverse mode of laser oscillation of the solid laser. The oscillation light of the laser medium excited by the light outputted from the pump light source is changed by the multi-mode means into output light (5) having a plurality of oscillation spectra and is outputted, thereby a small, high power, and highly efficient low coherent light source can be realized, and a laser light source having reduced speckle noises can be provided.

Abstract: A method of producing a lasing microsource of colloidal nanocrystals. The method includes the steps of preparing a nanocrystal solution in a solvent; depositing at least a drop of the nanocrystals solution with a drop volume below 1 nl on a flat substrate; and evaporating the solvent to dryness thereby to obtain at the edge of the evaporated drop a single annular stripe including a domain wherein the nanocrystals are arranged in an ordered array, wherein the ordered nanocrystals in the domain constitute an active region capable of lasing and the radially inner and outer edges of the stripe define a resonant cavity in which the active region is inserted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amplification device comprising an amplifying medium (2) of parallelepiped shape and pumping means comprising lamps (5) emitting first radiation in a frequency range useful for the amplification and second radiation capable of degrading the amplifying medium. It is characterized in that lamps (5) are integrated into a jacket (3) that absorbs at least some of the second radiation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to calcium fluoride crystal optics with improved laser durability that can be used for the transmission of below 250 nanometer (nm) electromagnetic radiation. The optics consist of CaF2 as the major component and, in one embodiment, at least one dopant/amount selected >0.3-1200 ppm Mg, >0.3-200 ppm Sr, >0.3-200 ppm Ba, while Ce and Mn are <0.5 ppm. The doped crystal and optics made therefrom have a ratio of 515/380 nm transmission loss of less than 0.3 after exposure to greater than 2.8 MRads of ?-radiation.

Abstract: A diode-pumped solid state pulsed laser includes an intracavity nonlinear crystal for wavelength conversion by difference frequency mixing and a secondary resonant cavity containing an additional nonlinear crystal for parametric amplification. Primary and secondary cavities are capable of injection seeding and wavelength stabilization resulting in a very narrow, stable, and well defined spectral output. The combination of pump diode pulsing, the implementation of the intracavity parametric oscillator and parametric amplifier results in very efficient operation. Optical fiber coupled parametric oscillator byproduct light allows simple and non-invasive wavelength diagnostics and monitoring upon connection to an optical spectrum analyzer.