Abstract: An end cap is provided for adjacent pipes in the cooling coils of an electric air furnace. Each end cap includes parallel opposite side walls and a curved end portion connecting the side walls. The side walls and end portion define a perimeter edge, the outer portion of which is beveled. The end cap includes a pair of tabs extending from each side wall. The tabs partially fill the crevice between adjacent end pipes so as to provide a stronger weld between the end cap and the pipes. The curvature of the end cap minimizes turbulence of the liquid coolant flowing through the pipes.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a smelting plant with shaft-like charging material preheater. In a smelting plant with an electric arc furnace (1) and a charging material preheater (2) of shaft configuration arranged laterally on the furnace, the outer walls of the charging material preheater in the lower region thereof are formed by the vessel wall (5) of the furnace while in the region thereabove they are formed by the walls of a shaft which is fixed in a holding structure (27). By a horizontal relative movement between the furnace vessel (3) and the holding structure (27) together with the vessel cover (6), without being impeded by the shaft (10) charging material can be charged from a scrap basket directly into the furnace vessel or through the displaced shaft into different regions of the furnace vessel (3). Charging material can be retained in the shaft by means of a blocking member (51) therein, and heated up during the refining phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to an induction melting furnace 1 for metals which are difficult to melt including an induction coil 2 surrounding the crucible 3 and a mold receptacle 4 surrounded by an annular chamber 5 to hold the cooling agent. The crucible 3 is disposed in a housing 7 provided with a vacuum connection 6. In order to improve the microporous nature, the melt contained in the mold receptacle 4 is compressed by means of a pressure which is build up in the mold receptacle 4 prior to the cooling.

Abstract: An apparatus for melting metallic stock as a crucible in which the metallic stock is received and melted, the stock in the crucible having an axis along which the force of gravity varies, and an inductive heating system which generates an inductive heating field having an inductive power density which varies along the axis. The inductive heating field interacts with the metallic stock in the crucible so that the radiation energy generated by the inductive heating field counteracts the hydrostatic pressure of the melt in the crucible.

Abstract: A cooling device provided in a thermal analyzer to cool a heating furnace by heat exchange between a cooling medium and the heating furnace based on direct and uniform gas-to-solid contact, and constructed to facilitate replacement of a sample in the cooled furnace. The cooling device includes a jacket surrounding the heating furnace to define a closed annular space, an inlet formed to introduce cooling medium into the closed space, and an outlet formed to discharge the introduced cooling medium from the closed space. Cooling of the furnace is carried out due to the heat exchange between the cooling medium and the heating surface in the closed space. A top portion of the heating furnace is not covered by the jacket, but is exposed to thereby facilitate the replacement of a sample through the exposed top portion of the heating furnace.

Abstract: An electric arc furnace includes a crucible having a metal shell for recovering precious metals from spent material. The shell includes a metal tap hole and a slag door positioned above and opposite the metal tap hole. A removable swinging roof is provided above the crucible together with a plurality of electrodes for heating the spent material. Also, a cooling band circumscribes the crucible for cooling the metal shell. Conveyors are provided for distributing the spent material at a plurality of points located between the electrodes and the wall of the crucible. The crucible is tilted to allow the removal of the slag and metal.

Abstract: A spray cooling system for cooling a furnace for the melting or treatment of molten metal, and particularly the roof and/or sidewall of electric-arc, plasma-arc and ladle furnaces. Other types of metal treating furnaces and accessory equipment may also be cooled with the system of the invention. In the invention, spray headers and pipes (14, 16, 18) supply coolant to spray nozzles (70) distributed within a coolant space in a roof structure (10) to spray coolant against the working plates (22) of the roof. The spray pipes and headers also comprise part of the framework for the roof, resulting in a simple, lightweight, one-piece structure. A pump (56) is connected to evacuate the coolant from the coolant space, and thermocouples (58) are embedded in the working plates to monitor their temperature and operate controls to adjust the flow rate so that only the amount of coolant necessary to maintain a desired temperature is supplied to the roof.

Abstract: A water cooling panel forms a part of or substitute for the wall of a metallurgical furnace, such as an electric arc furnace. The panel can be formed alternately as a tube type cooler formed of parallel pipes connected at its ends in headers, with the latter having internal baffles to define a serpentine path, or as a box type cooler formed of steel plates or sheet and having internal baffle plates defining a serpentine path for the cooling fluid. In either case, fluid orificies are provided to permit a minor amount of flow through the baffles or baffle plates where there is a direction change in the serpentine flow path. This serves to prevent stagnation, and prevent the problems of hot spots and steam bubbles where there is a change of direction in the cooling flow. Projections welded along the furnace-facing side of the panel permit the panel to be covered with a layer of refractory material or solidified slag.

Abstract: To counteract the danger of the penetration of coolant in the use of a liquid-cooled device for cooling of vessel walls (27) for arc furnaces (1) and the serious consequences resulting therefrom, a pressure is created in the coolant in the thermally highly burdened cooling elements (36) which is lower than that of the ambient atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Electric arc furnace of the type comprising a bottom structure (1, 2) comprising the floor, a top structure (3) connected to the bottom structure by supporting columns (5), and cooled removable panels (6) filling the space between the two structures. Each of the removable panels and their supporting structures are provided with associated, separable hinge structures (15, 16, 17, 18) disposed on each panel and on its supporting structures in such manner that the panel can open outwards by rotation about its hinges.

Abstract: An electric arc furnace for melting metal, especially steel, includes a container having an upper open ended substantially cylindrical wall portion and a lower cylindrical wall portion extending downwardly therefrom and being closed at the bottom and receiving during operation of the furnace a bath of molten material having an upper level at a predetermined maximum elevation above the bottom of the container. The container includes an outer metal shell and refractory material covering at least the lower wall portion of the shell and the closed bottom. In order to increase the charging volume of the container without essentially changing the height thereof, the upper wall portion has, at a distance of at least 300 mm above the level the bath of molten metal, an inner diameter which is greater than the outer diameter of the metal shell of the lower wall portion.

Abstract: A protective refractory member for protecting heat-absorptive elements in a high-temperature furnace comprises a refractory shape, an interconnected, reticulated metal mesh embedded within the shape and positioned substantially adjacent an inner surface of the shape and at least one opening extending through a thickness of the shape and through the mesh. A tubular insert is located within the opening and is welded to the spirals which define the mesh. Both the insert and certain of the spirals engage the heat-absorptive element and the insert is welded to the element to retain the member thereto.

Abstract: A glass heating method and apparatus, such as a glass melting furnace or a forehearth, utilizing a refractory lining and electrically energized heating electrodes. The refractory lining is an erosion resistant material, preferably a chromic oxide refractory, having an electrical resistivity which is less than the resistivity of the molten glass, preferably an E glass, which is being heated. To avoid short-circuiting through the low resistance refractory, the refractory interposed between electrodes of opposite polarity is cooled to a temperature less than the temperature of the molten glass and at which the resistivity of the refractory is materially increased. Where the electrodes of opposite polarity are carried by opposing side walls, the end and/or side walls of the apparatus are cooled. Where the electrodes are all carried by a single wall, that wall is cooled.

Abstract: Method of lining a steel-making furnace which comprises lining the bottom area of the furnace with bricks to form a first lining, lining at least a portion of the wall area of the furnace with bricks and/or a water cooling box to form a second lining, lining the first lining and a lower portion of the second lining with a first refractory material, applying a second refractory material to an upper portion of the second lining above the lower portion before heating the furnace, and then heating the second refractory material to cause hardening thereof. The second refractory material comprises magnesium oxide, green chromium oxide, clay, a phosphate, a bisulfate and water. The use of this composition for the second refractory material results in a substantial increase in the durability of the furnace lining.

Abstract: A membrane cooling system for a metallurgical furnace including a single or series of individual panel sections, each section including a plurality of closely spaced cooling tubes disposed in laterally spaced relation, the tubes being arcuate and/or linear in a lengthwise direction and oriented circumferentially to define exposed inner furnace wall surfaces, spacer bar elements are disposed centrally between and extend between adjacent of the tubes to provide a trough-like recess therebetween, weldments join the spacer bar elements to the cooling tubes to form a continuous, undulating membrane surface, and retention elements are made integral with the membrane surface and extend from the hot face thereby to provide, by refractory or slag build-up, a protective and heat insulation barrier layer of generally uniform thickness to protect the panel sections and to reduce energy losses to the cooling system.

Abstract: Wall and roof sections for electric arc furnaces are made of graphite blocks with removably attached fluid cooled panels.

Abstract: An electric furnace including a furnace vessel having modular thermally stressed wall parts, wherein in order to lengthen the service life of the thermally stressed wall parts of furnaces, cooling pipe layers are provided with the cooling pipes of the inner layer located in a fireproof construction material (35). These cooling pipes form the reinforcement for the fireproof construction material.The inner layer of cooling pipes face the inside of the vessel and are made in one piece, U-shaped at the upper and the lower and lead into the outer layer of cooling pipes. The outer layer of cooling pipes empty into a liquid distributing conduit provided with at least one integrated bypass openings whereby cooling liquid is at least partially short-circuited between pipes in the outer layer.

Abstract: In the present invention, many cooling pipes are arranged horizontally at least in any one of the walls or roof of a furnace, to be fitted at the respective ends on both sides with supporting pipes provided outside the furnace, to let the cooling medium flow in one system for high cooling efficiency and long life. The cooling pipes may be arranged in ladder fashion or in a similar way, to keep the splash film stable, thereby preventing the decrease of the thermal efficiency of the furnace.

Abstract: A furnace panel for use in an arc furnace is disclosed having a cast iron block with first and second surfaces and with a cooling circuit located therebetween. The block has at least one anchoring member projecting outwards from its second surface for retaining the block to a wall of the furnace. The panel further includes steel studs embedded in the cast iron block which project outwards from the first surface and which have a profile which enhances containment of molten slag against the first surface to prolong the life of the block. As the molten slag is splashed onto the first surface of the block, the steel studs protrude outward similar to fingers on a hand, and catch the slag and retain it until it momentarily solidifies. Once the slag has solidified, it acts as an insulating layer to prevent erosion of the block by the further impingement of additional molten slag.

Abstract: The invention relates to heat exchange devices for cooling the wall and the refractory of a blast-furnace. Such a device comprises a body shaped substantially as a body of revolution and having first and second end walls and a curved wall extending therebetween, the first end wall being a heat-transfer wall, a supply port and a discharge port for heat-transfer fluid, the ports being spaced-apart radially, the supply port being adapted for tangentially supplying the heat-transfer fluid into the body and the discharge port being adapted for tangentially discharging the heat-transfer fluid from the body, so that, in use, the fluid flows between the ports in a spiral path over the inner surface of the first end wall, the body having no internal obstacle to such flow. (FIG.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for evaporation cooling in metallurgical furnaces. In order to prevent the formation of heat-insulating layers of vapor, over a large area, between the heat exchange surface (14) and the cooling fluid supplied thereto, the cooling fluid is supplied at a plurality of positions which are distributed over the surface, and the amount of fluid supplied is so restricted that a closed film of fluid covering the entire heat exchange surface (14) can no longer be formed. The fluid is guided to the heat exchange surface (14) by fluid guide means which are in the form of pin members or plates, or by way of a loose filling of particles, which communicate with the heat exchange surface (14) (FIG. 2).

Abstract: A support vessel for a metallurgical furnace having circumferentially spaced vertical support members which are laterally removable, as desired, from the area of the vessel wall. In one embodiment of the invention, the vertical supports are pivotally positioned at one end of the vessel wall.

Abstract: An electric furnace for fusing of fusible metal/non-metal oxide compounds, for example slag, having a side wall of steel, a plurality of electrodes depending into the furnace, a coolant distributing conduit surrounding the furnace near its upper end, and a tapping valve located in the side wall of the furnace between its upper and lower ends, the furnace being operated by melting the slag to form a melt, the outer layer of which is in contact with the inner surface of the furnace side wall which is frozen by the chilled coolant flowing over the outer surface thereof, to thereby form a frozen slag lining on the side wall inner surface which is continuously replenished as it is depleted.

Abstract: A furnace system for smelting ore concentrate and the like which includes a furnace housing provided with wall means which divide the housing into a smelting shaft, an exhaust gas shaft and a settling hearth. The settling hearth and the smelting shaft are separated by a partition wall preventing gaseous interaction therebetween but permitting liquid flow therebetween. In accordance with the invention, the partition wall between the exhaust gas shaft and the smelting shaft, as well as the wall between the settling hearth and the smelting shaft and exhaust gas shaft comprises a supporting frame on which there are a plurality of interengaged cooling elements which are releasably secured to the supporting frame and are provided with means for circulating a coolant therethrough.

Abstract: A water cooled wall element for at least partially replacing the casing of refractory material in melting furnaces, especially electric arc furnaces for melting steel, above the bath of molten material in the furnace comprises a plurality of parallel, horizontally extending and vertically superimposed tubes abutting against each other, a cooling water inlet connected to the lowermost of the superimposed tubes, a cooling water outlet connected to the uppermost tube, and return bends connecting the ends of proximal tubes to each other so that the cooling water will flow from the cooling water inlet through the plurality of superimposed tubes to the cooling water outlet, wherein elongated substantially uninterrupted protrusions are provided on each of the tubes and extending in the longitudinal direction thereof on that surface of the wall element which is directed toward the interior of the surface to increase adhesion of an insulating layer of refractory material to be applied to the inner surface of the wall

Abstract: A panel cooled by the circulation of water and adapted to constitute all or part of a wall of an electric arc furnace. The panel consists, at the inside of the furnace, of a thick and corrugated wall to which is welded, at the outside of the furnace, a second thinner wall, the two walls defining passages adapted for the circulation of the water. The invention is used in electric arc furnaces for steel mills.

Abstract: A crucible furnace includes an ejector for removing the crucible from the furnace. The ejector consists of an ejector apparatus located below the floor of the furnace. A pressure transfer body in the shape of an inverted truncated cone is normally inserted in a truncated cone-shape opening in the furnace floor. The ejector acts upon the pressure transfer body to lift the body, as well as the crucible resting upon the body, out of the furnace. A hydraulic cylinder activates the ejector device.