Abstract: Systems for facilitating fluid flow including a tubular segment having a length, a tube wall with a thickness, a tube wall exterior surface, and a tube wall interior surface are described. The tube wall interior surface defines a conduit configured to permit fluid flow along the length of the tubular segment. The tube wall may include a material configured to convey heat energy through the tube wall and at least one heating element coupled to an exterior surface of the tube wall along the length of the tubular segment, at least one heating element made of an enabler material configured to receive electromagnetic energy, convert the electromagnetic energy into heat energy, and release the heat energy into the tube wall. The system may include a source of electromagnetic energy associated with the at least one heating element. The source of electromagnetic energy is configured to transmit electromagnetic energy into the heating element.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for a split spray-cooled roof for a tilting metallurgical furnace. The split spray-cooled roof has a center, a first hollow metal roof section and a second hollow metal roof section. The first and second hollow roof sections are attached together along a prescription split line. The prescription split line having a first split line and a second split line, wherein the first split line is not aligned with the second split line and wherein the first and second split line are not aligned with the center.

Abstract: A method of melting glass and glass-ceramics that includes the steps: conveying a batch of raw materials into a submerged combustion melting apparatus, the melting apparatus having liquid-cooled walls and a floor; directing a flame into the batch of raw materials and the melted batch with sufficient energy to form the raw materials into the melted batch; and heating a delivery orifice assembly in the floor of the submerged melting apparatus to convey the melted batch through the orifice assembly into a containment vessel. The melted batch has a glass or glass-ceramic composition that is substantially reactive to a refractory material comprising one or more of silica, zirconia, alumina, platinum and platinum alloys.

Abstract: A melting furnace for metallurgical plant comprising a vessel provided with a bottom; a tapping duct passing through the bottom; rotation means to rotate the vessel so that the tapping duct passes from a first reference position to a second position inclined with respect to said first reference position, and vice versa; wherein said tapping duct has a first stretch arranged in the thickness of the bottom and completely passing through the bottom, and a second stretch, adjacent to the first stretch, protruding inside the vessel; wherein there is provided a cover of the second stretch shaped as a tube closed at an upper end thereof and open at a lower end thereof; said tube being coaxial and spaced from said second stretch, and being spaced from a zone of the bottom which includes the first stretch of the tapping duct, whereby the cover, in cooperation with the second stretch of the tapping duct, acts as a tapping hood.

Abstract: An electric arc furnace has a chamber suitable for containing molten steel, a roof covering the chamber and for containing a mass of scrap steel, electrodes for melting the mass of scrap, and a supporting base. The base permits the chamber to oscillate around a horizontal axis of rotation. The roof and the chamber are counterprofiled in correspondence to the respective interface walls to create a rotary coupling with regard to the axis of rotation. The roof, during oscillation of the chamber, remains fixed with regard to the base as well as in a closed position with regard to the chamber.

Abstract: An equipment for the measurement and control of load material and scrap metal feeding into an electrical arc furnace, including an automatic control device for feeding control of load material or scrap according to the energy supplied to the bath, and a measuring device for the added load material, in correlation with the automatic control device, comprising a weighing device for the furnace shell, its contents and any other components it may support.

Abstract: An arc furnace having a furnace vessel for melting steel, a cover for closing the furnace vessel and a pivot unit by means of which the cover can be moved away from the furnace vessel in which the furnace vessel is mounted so as to be movable in the vertical direction relative to the pivot unit, and the pivot unit has a holder for releasably fixing the cover in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A method for treating spheroidal graphite iron includes the step: pouring molten spheroidal graphite iron into a pouring electrical furnace (1); covering the molten spheroidal graphite iron (5) with alkali slag (6) which is melted at high temperature and rich in alkali earth metal ion, rare earth metal ion, or mixture of them; connecting the molten spheroidal graphite iron (5) with the negative pole of the direct current source by one pole (7); connecting the alkali slag (6) with the positive pole of the direct current source by another pole (4), treating the molten spheroidal graphite iron (5) with the alkali slag (6) which is used as electrolyte. The method can prevent the spheroidized fading velocity of the spheroidal graphite iron. The pouring electrical furnace can be used for treating the molten spheroidal graphite iron.

Abstract: Apparatus for the combustion of gas exiting from an electric arc furnace where the heat of combustion is used for the preheating of scraps entering the furnace wherein the apparatus has an insertion device for introducing comburent substance into a preheating chamber or loading tunnel for scrap metal where the loding tunnel has an inlet section for scrap metal, a seal section to prevent an uncontrolled entrance of air in the tunnel, a heating section and an unloading section for delivering scrap metal to the furnace. The insertion device for the comburent substance has one or more adjustable openings placed in the loading tunnel, and said apparatus comprises a device or a series of devices.

Abstract: An integrated process control installation is provided for electric induction metal melting furnaces with variable furnace states. The integrated process control installation can include supporting charge delivery and slag removal installations, and furnace process operations for process control of melting metal in the furnaces. The variable furnace states, supporting installations, and furnace process operations are controlled by a supporting processing installation, while a robotic apparatus performs the furnace process operations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for producing steel. The invention device comprises a container (1, 101, 201). The metal used is molten, blown and refined in said container which comprises an upper component (5, 205) having at least one opening, a lower component (2, 202) and means for tapping the melt and slag from the container. Electrodes (21) can be charged into the container through said opening. The aim of the invention is to improve said device in such a way that said device can be constructed in a more simple manner in comparison with known devices. A bottom tapping system is provided for tapping the melt and optionally the slag.

Abstract: The invention relates to the emptying of melting vessels (1) by tipping. According to the invention, the melting vessel (1) is placed on column-shaped bases (6). During the tipping process, the melting vessel (1) is raised at the side and the base supports (7) of the opposite side are used as the pivot or axis of rotation. This ensures that the discharge opening (4) and the slag overflow edge (5) are not moved very far from their original position.

Abstract: The present invention provides an arc-melting apparatus which attains extremely high efficiency by preheating scraps using exhaust gas from the melting chamber. The arc-melting apparatus needs for no device to carry and supply an iron source to a melting chamber, which makes it possible to preheat the next charge. The arc-melting apparatus has a melting furnace which melts scraps, a preheating shaft connected directly to an upper part of one side of the melting furnace, an arc electrode for melting scraps in the melting furnace, a bucket for supplying scraps to the preheat shaft so as to continuously maintain scraps in the melting furnace and in the preheating shaft, a tapping portion having a tapping hole, being projected outward from the melting furnace and a tilting device for tilting the melting furnace on a side of the tapping portion. The tapping portion is arranged at an orthogonal direction to the direction of the supplied cold iron source.

Abstract: The present invention provides an arc-melting apparatus, which attains extremely high efficiency by preheating scraps using exhaust gas from the melting chamber. The arc-melting apparatus needs for no device to carry and supply an iron source to a melting chamber, which makes it possible to preheat the next charge. The arc-melting apparatus has a melting furnace which melts scraps, a preheating shaft connected directly to an upper part of one side of the melting furnace, an arc electrode for melting scraps in the melting furnace, a bucket for supplying scraps to the preheat shaft so as to continuously maintain scraps in the melting furnace and in the preheating shaft, a tapping portion having a tapping hole, being projected outward from the melting furnace and a tilting device for tilting the melting furnace on a side of the tapping portion. The tapping portion is arranged at an orthogonal direction to the direction of the supplied cold iron source.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing liquid slag and baghouse dust from a steelmaking furnace such as an EAF to recover valuable metals from the slag and dust includes a treatment vessel having a movable lower shell portion for receiving liquid slag and an upper shell portion that couples with the movable lower shell portion during heat activation of the treatment vessel. The slag is combined with silicon dioxide, a reducing agent, baghouse dust, and an inert gas before being heated to between approximately 1400° C. and 3000° C. The heat treatment results in a molten reduced iron and manganese metallic material, a treated slag layer, and an off-gas containing lead, zinc, and carbon monoxide. The off-gas is combusted, cooled, and solidified, resulting in lead oxide and zinc oxide. The slag layer is tapped, cooled, and solidified. The metallic layer is tapped for recycle in the steel making process.

Abstract: A tiltable rotary furnace system includes a tiltable rotary furnace which rotates about a central axis and pivots around a general horizontal axis similar to a typical tiltable rotary furnace. The tiltable rotary furnace and the rotating and pivoting mechanisms are mounted on a rotating platform. The rotating platform allows the furnace to be positioned with respect to other elements of the system rather than having to position the other elements of the system with respect to a stationary tiltable rotary furnace.

Abstract: In a tiltable arc furnace in which a furnace vessel (2) and a portal (4) for an electrode lifting and pivoting apparatus are arranged on a platform (1 and 3) of a furnace cradle which is tiltable by a tilting apparatus and which includes two mutually spaced cradle runner skids (16) which each run on a respective support path (17), wherein the furnace vessel (2) is arranged on a first platform region which is between the cradle runner skids (16) and the portal (4) is arranged on a second platform region which is outside the cradle runner skids (16) the two platform regions are in the form of separate platform portions (1, 3) which are connected together by a hinge pivot (13), the portal platform portion (3) carrying the portal (4) is supported by way of a further cradle runner skid (20) on a further rolling path (21) and is tiltable by the tilting apparatus synchronously with the vessel platform portion (1) carrying the furnace vessel (2).

Abstract: The present invention provides an arc-melting apparatus, which attains extremely high efficiency by preheating scraps using exhaust gas from the melting chamber. The arc-melting apparatus needs for no device to carry and supply an iron source to a melting chamber, which makes it possible to preheat the next charge. The arc-melting apparatus has a melting furnace which melts scraps, a preheating shaft connected directly to an upper part of one side of the melting furnace, an arc electrode for melting scraps in the melting furnace, a bucket for supplying scraps to the preheat shaft so as to continuously maintain scraps in the melting furnace and in the preheating shaft, a tapping portion having a tapping hole, being projected outward from the melting furnace and a tilting device for tilting the melting furnace on a side of the tapping portion. The tapping portion is arranged at an orthogonal direction to the direction of the supplied cold iron source.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing liquid slag and baghouse dust from a steelmaking furnace such as an EAF to recover valuable metals from the slag and dust includes a treatment vessel having a movable lower shell portion for receiving liquid slag and an upper shell portion that couples with the movable lower shell portion during heat activation of the treatment vessel. The slag is combined with silicon dioxide, a reducing agent, baghouse dust, and an inert gas before being heated to between approximately 1400° C. and 3000° C. The heat treatment results in a molten reduced iron and manganese metallic material, a treated slag layer, and an off-gas containing lead, zinc, and carbon monoxide. The off-gas is combusted, cooled, and solidified, resulting in lead oxide and zinc oxide. The slag layer is tapped, cooled, and solidified. The metallic layer is tapped for recycle in the steel making process.

Abstract: This invention is an electric arc furnace that can be continuously charged with ferrous materials, that can continuously melt the incoming charged materials, and that can semicontinuously tap molten steel by tilting to tap one side of the furnace or another. Continuous melting and refining can occur in lateral shafts adjacent to the central melting zone, and molten steel can be tapped from either of these shafts or directly from the central melting zone if desired. The furnace can be operated and tapped continuously, which provides many distinct advantages over what is currently available in the art.

Abstract: In an electric arc furnace cooling apparatus in which cooling water is made to flow into a plurality of water-cooled panels provided around side walls of a furnace body of an electric arc furnace to thereby cool the furnace body, a water collecting trough is provided in a platform mounted in the electric arc furnace to thereby collect waste water discharged from the water-cooled panels, and a water receiving trough is provided outside the platform to thereby receive waste water discharged from the water collecting trough.

Abstract: A direct current electric arc furnace for melting or heating raw material or molten material. The furnace includes a refractory lined vessel for holding raw or molten material. The vessel has at least an old furnace shell having a bottom electrode which is replaceable with a new furnace shell having a bottom electrode such that the new furnace shell is placed in an operating position and replaces the old furnace shell. The furnace includes at least a first top electrode. The furnace includes at least a first bottom electrode mounted in the bottom of the vessel and in electrical contact with the raw or molten material in the vessel. The furnace includes an electrical power supply mechanism which electrically connects to the top electrode and the bottom electrode in order to input electrical energy into the materials through the top and bottom electrode and the form of an arc. The bottom electrode has opposite electrical polarity to the electrical polarity of the top electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for collecting fumes from an arc furnace of the type typically used in metal foundries. The system provides an electrode hood with extended sides for improved collection of fumes from the vicinity of the electrodes. It also provides a movable spout hood for collection of fumes when metal is tapped. A combination of a tilting manifold and stationary duct are used to maintain a path for collecting fumes throughout the entire range of motion of the furnace. The stationary duct has a group of dampers that open and close as the furnace tilts. Variable position dampers may be provided at the electrode hood and furnace door. In the bag house, there is a dust containment assembly to limit the movement of the collected dust. A variable speed fan may be used with the system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for collecting fumes from an arc furnace of the type typically used in metal foundries. The system provides an electrode hood with extended sides for improved collection of fumes from the vicinity of the electrodes. It also provides a movable spout hood for collection of fumes when metal is tapped. A combination of a tilting manifold and stationary duct are used to maintain a path for collecting fumes throughout the entire range of motion of the furnace. The stationary duct has a group of dampers that open and close as the furnace tilts. Variable position dampers may be provided at the electrode hood and furnace door. In the bag house, there is a dust containment assembly to limit the movement of the collected dust. A variable speed fan may be used with the system.

Abstract: To provide a pre-heating apparatus capable of improving the installation reliability of a raw material holding gate of a pre-heating apparatus, reducing an installation cost and reducing melting electric power energy without deteriorating an operation environment while improving the pre-heating effect on raw materials by an exhaust gas, a shaft equipped with a raw material charging portion and an exhaust gas outlet at the top thereof and with a raw material holding gate at the bottom thereof is disposed in the proximity of an arc furnace, a gap is defined between the lower end portion of the shaft and the holding gate, and an outer cylinder connecting with an exhaust gas duct of the arc furnace is disposed around the outer periphery of the gap.

Abstract: Device to support and swing the hearth in an electric furnace, whether it be the type operating on direct or alternate current, the furnace being able to be of the channel type, EBT with the hearth lowered or not, OBT or other type, the hearth (11) cooperating at the upper part with a cooled side wall (12) having a closure system (14) which can be temporally associated, the hearth (11) being supported by a platform (18), the device comprising a plurality of lifting cylinders (19, 119) associated at the lower part with the platform (18) and at least a translation and/or oscillation actuator (20, 120; 32) associated at the side of the platform (18), the lifting (19, 119) and translation (20, 120; 32) cylinders being able to be driven independently and in a correlated manner so as to obtain on the hearth (11) desired movements of lifting, translation, swinging, oscillation or a combination of such movements.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with an apparatus for supply of molten metal including a holding furnace pivotable about an axis having a metal chamber for holding molten metal, an outlet for supplying molten metal from said chamber and an inlet well communicating with said metal chamber, said inlet well being positioned on or adjacent the pivot axis of the holding furnace and displaced along the pivot axis from said outlet, a charging means for intermittently supplying a controlled flow of molten metal to the inlet well of the holding furnace, and a control means for varying the degree of pivot of the holding furnace to maintain a predetermined supply of molten metal. Also claimed as a holding furnace for the supply of molten metal, and a method for supplying molten metal using such apparatus.

Abstract: A melting furnace including preheating vessels for preheating raw material, and a melting furnace body having a tilting device and a heating device for heating the preheated raw material. A furnace roof covers an upper part of the melting furnace body and a combustion chamber for burning a gas generated in the melting furnace body is arranged on the furnace roof. Feed openings are arranged at side faces of the combustion chamber to feed the preheated raw material into the melting furnace body, and the side faces of the combustion chamber are positioned at a right angle to a tilting direction of the melting furnace body. Supply openings are arranged at lower ends of the preheating vessels to supply the preheated raw material through the feed openings to the melting furnace body. A connecting mechanism is provided for movably connecting the supply openings with the feed openings when the melting furnace body is tilted.

Abstract: An electric arc furnace or convertor is provided with a taphole collector nozzle which is provided, for at least a portion of its length, with an offset bore enlargement. The furnace may be a tilting arc furnace, and may be provided with a sliding gate taphole valve having a collector nozzle with an offset bore enlargement attached to the sliding gate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous treatment of silicon in which a slag in a pivotable low-shaft furnace (1) with a discharge pipe (4) reaching the bottom of the furnace tank is taken to a temperature of 1450.degree. to 1800.degree. C. and this slag is used to melt solid silicon and/or liquid silicon is continuously refined and the liquid refined silicon is then sprayed with compressed air or nitrogen (7) and continuously conveyed into a transport crucible (11) by being poured into a stream of water (9) in the channel (8) via a dewatering filter (10) and thus obtained in granular form. The invention also relates to devices for implementing the process.

Abstract: A tilting device for a direct current arc furnace and a process are disclosed for completely emptying the furnace while the furnace is operated with a continuous scrap supply through a lateral opening in the furnace vessel and removal bottoms. The scrap chute should remain in the opening of the furnace during the loading, melting, deslagging and tapping operations; it should be swiveled away only during the emptying of the furnace. The disclosed tilting device has a cam on the rolling cradle, so that the rolling mid-point remains at the zero position in a tilting range from .+-.5.degree. to .+-.15.degree., and when the furnace is completely emptied it moves to another position in a parallel direction to the bottom tapping opening. The position of the bottom tap opening changes only insignificantly in order to protect the parts of the bottom electrode located outside the vessel of the furnace from heat radiated by steel in the casting ladle.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a smelting plant with shaft-like charging material preheater. In a smelting plant with an electric arc furnace (1) and a charging material preheater (2) of shaft configuration arranged laterally on the furnace, the outer walls of the charging material preheater in the lower region thereof are formed by the vessel wall (5) of the furnace while in the region thereabove they are formed by the walls of a shaft which is fixed in a holding structure (27). By a horizontal relative movement between the furnace vessel (3) and the holding structure (27) together with the vessel cover (6), without being impeded by the shaft (10) charging material can be charged from a scrap basket directly into the furnace vessel or through the displaced shaft into different regions of the furnace vessel (3). Charging material can be retained in the shaft by means of a blocking member (51) therein, and heated up during the refining phase.

Abstract: A tiltable arc furnace vessel is provided with a projecting, bay-like extension having a discharge opening closable from the outside only by a pivotable plate; the bay-like extension has a bottom substantially in the same level as the bottom of the remainder of the vessel. The vessel as a whole is titable by a hydraulic drive over a relatively small angle.

Abstract: A combustion aiding apparatus for a steel-making electric-arc-furnace characterized by installing a combustion aiding burner on a balcony having an inspection-and-working opening through which to drop tapping hole filling-agent and also by making the nozzle of said combustion aiding burner freely inserted into and withdrawn from a furnace through the inspection-and-working opening, in a conventional combustion aiding apparatus for a steel-making electric-arc-furnace of eccentric bottom tapping type.

Abstract: An electric arc furnace includes a crucible having a metal shell for recovering precious metals from spent material. The shell includes a metal tap hole and a slag door positioned above and opposite the metal tap hole. A removable swinging roof is provided above the crucible together with a plurality of electrodes for heating the spent material. Also, a cooling band circumscribes the crucible for cooling the metal shell. Conveyors are provided for distributing the spent material at a plurality of points located between the electrodes and the wall of the crucible. The crucible is tilted to allow the removal of the slag and metal.

Abstract: A process to improve electric arc furnace steelmaking. The efficiency increase is due to the metal-slag stirring that is produced by bottom gas injection through gas permeable ceramic elements. The permeable elements are not penetrated by the liquid metal, which does not stop the gas flow.The process is carried out in combination with a furnace charging door stopper device. The device avoids liquid ejections through the furnace charging door during the injection periods. The electric arc furnace steelmaking generalized practices are more effective when the molten metal is being stirred by gas injection, by increasing the metal-slag and the slag-atmosphere interphase area. When the stirring gas is natural gas, the process conditions, oxidizing or reducing, are reinforced according to the slag in the bath.

Abstract: In a tiltable metallurgical furnace vessel having a completely closed lateral protrusion with a closable discharge opening on its underside, simplified furnace structure is achieved by configuring the protrusion as a removable, heatable fore-hearth that is constructed in the form of a casting spout. A particularly simple structure results due to the fact that the fore-hearth is flanged to the main furnace vessel and essentially has a box shape. The invention is particularly useful for electric arc furnaces.

Abstract: In a method of intermittently charging a molten principal raw material and any supplementary material as needed to provide a specified raw material formulation into a melting furnace and continuously discharging a molten material therefrom, the discharge of the molten material is effected by determining the weight of the tiltable melting furnace, said weight changing with change of the raw materials and discharging of the molten material, computing the rate of change in weight of the molten material with respect to time from the determined weights of said furnace, and tilting said furnace to a position indicated by comparison of said computed rate of change in weight of the molten material with respect to time and the set rate of change in weight of the molten material with respect to time.

Abstract: An electric melting furnace is provided with an exit comprising an overflow dam and a downwardly extending unmolten-substances blocking plate placed inwardly of the overflow dam. The exit is positioned on or near an extension of a line connecting the center O of a furnace body and one of the furnace electrodes, the distance L in centimeters between the electrode and the overflow dam being determined by the equation: ##EQU1## where P is the electric furnace load (w) and K is a constant in the range of 16 to 25. Lighter molten substances are continuously discharged over the dam under the weight of the combustion residue. Heavier molten metals accumulate on the furnace floor and are discharged over dam by tilting the furnace body in the direction of the exit.

Abstract: A tiltable arc furnace with a platform (5) supported on rolling-contact cradles (10) is designed so that the furnace shell (2) resting on a mobile carriage (6) can be moved approximately one furnace length on the platform (5) transversely to the pouring direction. The platform (5) is prolonged at one end and provided with appropriate travelling lines (8) comprising rails (9). As a result, a structure of unitary design is achieved, the tilting moments are limited to low values and expensive blocking and stopping systems can be omitted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for operating a DC arc furnace with a bottom in the furnace vat consisting of rammed compound (8) or bricks with metallic elements (7) which are in electrically conductive contact, directly or via electrically conductive bricks (10) such as carbon bricks, with a hearth connection (11). The method is characterized in that, after melting and possibly further treatment of a charge (15), when tapping said melt such a quantity thereof is left that said remainder, the sump (17), may serve as part of a starting electrode for the next melting operation.

Abstract: A metallurgical plant is provided with a plurality of electric arc furnace vessels arranged so that the centers of the vessels lie along the points of an imaginary circle. A lid having the electrical supply for the furnaces is rotatable onto the furnaces by having its pivot point positioned at the center of the imaginary circle.Other features of the plant are disclosed including the use of open-topped support members for supporting the vessels; gate type valves at the bottoms of the vessels for tapping; below-the-charging-floor rail tracks for transporting the products of the vessel; a mechanism for lifting, on one side, the vessels to selectively skim off the slag layer; etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and apparatus for the production of refractory oxide materials having high fusion points. By high fusion points is meant melting points greater than 2400.degree. C.