Abstract: There is described a system comprising an outer conduit; an inner conduit positioned within the outer conduit such that an annular space is defined between the outer conduit and the inner conduit; and a resistive heating material occupying at least a portion of an annular volume within the annular space and having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance.

Abstract: A method for rapidly changing the energy shell of quantum fluctuations (ESQFs) about a mass that changes fast enough to produce time dilation and retardation between the ESQFs on opposite sides of the mass, to produce acceleration as was shown under a new quantum gravity model. The method includes, a three layered capacitor system comprising an electrostatic (ES) capacitor, i.e., a dielectric with no outer electrode, on an AC capacitor, on a DC capacitor. The AC capacitor shares an electrode on one side with the ES capacitor and on the other side with the DC capacitor. The ES capacitor has the electrodeless dielectric material surface adjacent to the upper ESQFs of the layered capacitor system and the DC capacitor has the (earth) ground surface adjacent to the lower ESQFs of the layered capacitor system. When the AC and DC voltages are applied to the layered capacitor system, an asymmetry is produced between the upper and lower ESQFs to cause acceleration on the layered capacitor system.

Abstract: A device includes a first oscillator, a second oscillator and a frequency comparison block. The first oscillator includes a first LC tank circuit and is designed to generate first sustained oscillations at a first resonant frequency. The second oscillator includes a second LC tank circuit and is designed to generate second sustained oscillations at a second resonant frequency. The frequency comparison block is designed to perform a comparison of the frequencies of the second sustained oscillations and the first sustained oscillations to determine a change in inductance in one of a first inductor of the first LC tank circuit and a second inductor of the second LC tank circuit. One of the oscillators serves as a reference oscillator, and enables determination of the change in inductance to be immune to changes in environmental conditions.