Abstract: A disease diagnosing method and a disease diagnosing system are provided in the disclosure. The disease diagnosing method includes: obtaining continuous images of a body skin and generating a time domain signal according to an average pixel value of a region of interest in each frame of the continuous images; transforming the time domain signal to a frequency domain signal and combining the time domain signal and the frequency domain signal to a time frequency signal; retrieving multiple first features of a first high dimensional space of the time frequency signal to obtain multiple second features of a second high dimensional space; and use the second features as feature vectors to map to a high dimension feature space, and classifying the second features as one of the multiple categories of a disease corresponding to the region of interest in the body skin according to a hyperplane of the high dimension feature space.

Abstract: A method includes receiving an input via a processor of the computing device. The input corresponds to data to be transmitted. The method further includes encoding the data to generate spreading codes corresponding at least in part to the data. The method further includes mapping the spreading codes to one or more frequency subcarriers of a plurality of frequency subcarriers, generating a transmit signal based at least in part on the one or more frequency subcarriers, and transmitting the transmit signal via an electrode capacitively coupled to a physical body. The transmit signal is transmitted from the electrode through the physical body.

Abstract: Communication is implemented between at least one access node of a wireless network and a terminal attached to the wireless network. The communication is on at least one narrowband carrier (311-1, 311-2) comprising resources (308) in a first spectrum (301) and operating according to a first radio access technology, e.g., Narrowband Internet of Things, NB-IoT. The first spectrum (301) is arranged at least partly within a second spectrum (302) on which communication between the at least one access node and a second terminal is executed on a wideband carrier (312). The wideband carrier (312) comprises resources (308) in the second spectrum (302) and operates according to a second radio access technology different to the first radio access technology, e.g., Machine-Type Communication, MTC, or evolved UMTS radio access, E-UTRA. In some examples, the first spectrum (301) and the second spectrum (302) both may comprise a shared spectrum.

Abstract: A signal processing system includes a transmission module and a receiving module. The transmission module generates and transmits a transmitted radio frequency signal according to a data signal and a first spread vector. The transmission module includes a spread spectrum unit, a digital-to-analog converter and a mixer. The spread spectrum unit generates a spread spectrum signal according to the data signal and the first spread vector. The digital-to-analog unit generates an analog signal according to the spread spectrum signal. The mixer mixes the analog signal and a carrier signal so as to generate the transmitted radio frequency signal. The receiving module receives a received radio frequency signal and a second spread vector so as to generate a spectrum despread signal and generate object detection information data accordingly. The received radio frequency signal is generated by having the transmitted radio frequency signal reflected by a measured object.

Abstract: A rate-adaptive method of communicating over a multipath wireless communication system uses multiple links such that each end of a link uses multiple transmit and receive antennas. A number of independent streams that are to be transmitted for each link is determined based on an overall system performance measure. In addition, the system may also jointly determine the best modulation, coding, power control, and frequency assignment for each link, based on an overall system performance measure. In OFDM systems, the number of independent streams, as well as the modulation, coding, and power control, may be determined on a tone-by-tone basis based on an overall system performance measure.

Abstract: A method of wireless communication provides narrow bandwidth operation within a wider LTE system bandwidth. Wideband information is transmitted to a first set of user equipments (UEs). Also, narrowband information is transmitted to a second set of UEs. The second set of UEs operate in a narrower bandwidth than the first set of UEs.

Abstract: A communication method between short range radio communication devices includes sharing multiple pieces of link information of multiple devices by the multiple devices making communication with each other through a frequency hopping scheme under a short range radio communication environment, such that the multiple devices communicate with each other without interference with each other even if mutually independently making communication, creating, by the multiple devices, multiple pieces of frequency slot allocation information based on the multiple pieces of link information and broadcasting the multiple pieces of created frequency slot allocation information, and making, by the multiple devices, first communication based on specific frequency slot allocation information among multiple pieces of received frequency slot allocation information.

Abstract: A transmitter including radio-frequency (RF) chains. Each RF chain includes a power amplifier, a band-pass filter, and an antenna for transmitting an analog signal using a beamforming with an angle of departure (AOD) defined by phase shifts of the analog signals transmitted by the RF chains. A processor to determine digital signals for transmission from the RF chains. Wherein there is one-to-one correspondence between a digital signal and an RF chain. An encoder to encode the digital signals with binary codes to produce a set of encoded digital signals and to combine the encoded digital signals into a combined digital signal. A digital-to-analog converter to convert the combined digital signal into an analog domain to produce a combined analog signal. A decoder to decode, using the binary codes, the combined analog signal into a set of analog signals and to submit the analog signals into the corresponding RF chains.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for receiver nonlinearity estimation and cancellation. During processing of received radio frequency (RF) signals, it may be determined when one or more other signals, different from the received RF signals, cause nonlinearity affecting processing of the RF signals, and one or more cancellation adjustments may be applied during processing of the RF signals, for mitigating effects of the nonlinearity. Determining the one or more cancellation adjustments may be based on narrowband (NB) estimation of the effects of the nonlinearity, and the one or more cancellation adjustments may be configured as wideband (WB) corrections. The NB estimation may be applied based on channelization of the received RF signals. The NB estimation may comprise generating reference nonlinearity information relating to the one or more other signals, and generating, based on the reference nonlinearity information, control data for configuring the one or more cancellation adjustments.

Abstract: A method for transferring information indicative of a voicemail to a recipient includes receiving a message via a voicemail system transmitted from a remote device. The method also includes storing the message in a memory associated with the voicemail system. The method further includes transmitting a voicemail notification indicator to a recipient via a designated radio frequency band for receipt by a recipient having access to a radio receiver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigerator. A refrigerator according to an aspect includes a cabinet in which a storage compartment is formed; a first refrigerator door which is capable of opening and closing the storage compartment; second refrigerator door which is disposed along with the first refrigerator door in a lateral direction; and a door opening device which is capable of operating in order to open and close at least one of the first refrigerator door and the second refrigerator door, wherein the door opening device includes a motor for generating a driving force; a push rod which operates by receiving the driving force generating from the motor; a gear for transferring the driving force of the motor to the push rod.

Abstract: The invention relates to connection management in a telecommunication network and particularly relates to a method (30) for managing telecommunication network connections, comprising a step of creating at least one list (L1, L2, . . . , LN, LN+1) of connections, said list being associated to a time interval (DL1, DL2, . . . , DLN, DLN+1) having a predetermined period and used to record at least one active connection (C1), for example, for which a transfer of a packet has been detected, in the time interval associated to the considered list.

Abstract: An RF transmitter module for a cellular radio that includes a delta-sigma modulator having a plurality of interleaving dynamic element matching (DEM) circuits providing interleaved digital bits at a reduced clock rate. An interleaver controller controls the DEM circuits so as to provide groups of the digital bits at different points in time. In one embodiment, a summation junction adds the groups of the digital bits to provide a continuous stream of the interleaved digital bits, a DAC converts the stream of interleaved digital bits to an analog signal, and a power amplifier amplifies the analog signal.

Abstract: An apparatus enabling establishment of a Bluetooth mesh network comprises at least two Bluetooth transceiver circuitries and an internal connection between the at least two Bluetooth transceiver circuitries. The Bluetooth transceiver circuitries are simultaneously connected to different Bluetooth piconets, and the apparatus operates as a bridge between the piconets. Concatenation of such apparatuses enables construction of a Bluetooth mesh network where the bridge devices may be simultaneously connected to multiple Bluetooth piconets.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for managing channel selection among a plurality of mesh points in a wireless network. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a first announcement that includes channel exclusion information from a first mesh point; managing a distributed channel exclusion list based on the announcement; and generating a second announcement to the first mesh point based on the channel exclusion list.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein relates to envelope shaping in envelope tracking power amplification. A method, apparatus and computer storage medium are provided for envelope shaping in envelope tracking power amplification. In an embodiment, the method comprises performing an envelope shaping operation on reference envelope signals in a time domain to obtain shaped envelope signals; performing a signal quality control on the shaped envelope signals in a frequency domain; and converting the shaped envelope signals from the frequency domain into the time domain to obtain resulting shaped envelope signals. In such a way, a better signal quality can be provided without any modifications to the receiver side. And in turn, the PAPR of the envelope signal may be reduced before entering into a supply modulator and the efficiency of the ET supply modulator could be improved. As a result, the ET PA system performance can be enhanced.

Abstract: A method that may be performed by a first, second and third node for handling information related to a guard band used or required in a radio spectrum used by the second node. The first, second and third nodes are comprised in a wireless communications network. The method in the first node comprises obtaining information from the second node. The information is related to the guard band used by the second node. The method further comprises adapting one or more procedures related to the radio operation within the wireless communications network, based on the obtained guard band information. The method in the second node comprises sending information related to the guard band to the first node. The method in the third node comprises requesting the first node to obtain information related to the guard band from the second node.

Abstract: A method of communicating a data chirp signal from a transmitter to a receiver, the data chirp signal comprising a sequence of symbols, each symbol encoding a first symbol value and a second symbol value such that the data chirp signal comprises a first symbol value sequence and a second symbol value sequence, the first and second symbol values being encoded via different properties of the symbol, the first symbol value sequence being selected from values in a primary predetermined sequence and a secondary predetermined sequence, the method comprising: selecting consecutive values of the first symbol value sequence from values in consecutive sequence positions of the primary predetermined sequence and the secondary predetermined sequence; encoding first data in the chirp signal via the selected first symbol value sequence; encoding second data in the chirp signal via the second symbol value sequence; and transmitting the data chirp signal to the receiver.

Abstract: The present invention provides a steering communication system being able to individually obtain a telemetry data from a steered-object communication devices mounted on the steered-object. An arbitrary identification number assigned to a plurality of steered-object communication devices mounted on a steered-object at the time of pairing-setup is associated with the equipment ID of a pairing object. When performing transmission request of a telemetry data, a steering signal adding the transmission request information and the own identification number is transmitted. The steered-object communication device judges signal classification of the inputted control signal. When the steering signal adding transmission request information and the own identification number is inputted, the steered-object communication device transmits a telemetry data signal adding the telemetry data as an answer signal to a steering communication device.

Abstract: Devices, chips and methods are provided which involve the use of either a first modulator path or a second modulator path depending on a level of a signal to be processed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for facilitating wireless communication. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method for multiband communication based on communication criteria's set by the specific wireless environment and the geographical location where the wireless communication is to be performed. The disclosure also relates to a corresponding wireless communication device and to a wireless communication system comprising such a wireless communication device. Still further, the disclosure relates to a corresponding computer program product.

Abstract: In order to improve efficiency for sub-carrier allocation in a TDM multi-carrier system, the invention provides a novel frame structure and corresponding method and apparatus. During a centralized short period, each terminal sends a probe message including a predefined sequence to a network device and the network device estimates the channel characteristics for each sub-carrier with respect to each terminal by estimating the received probe message. In this way, sub-carrier allocation can be improved and sub-carriers with good channel characteristics are allocated to appropriate terminals.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a mobile device carried by a user and an in-vehicle apparatus equipped to a vehicle and communicatively connected with the mobile device. The in-vehicle apparatus includes a transmission unit, a transmission control unit, a reception determination unit, and a position determination unit. The transmission unit transmits low-frequency band request signals generated by spread modulating transmission data with predetermined spreading factors. The transmission control unit controls the transmission unit to generate and transmit first and second request signals having first and second attainable ranges by spread modulation using first and second spreading factors, respectively. The reception determination unit performs reception determination to response signal transmitted from the mobile device in response to the request signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a mobile device carried by a user and an in-vehicle apparatus equipped to a vehicle and communicatively connected with the mobile device. The in-vehicle apparatus includes a transmission unit, a transmission control unit, a reception determination unit, and a position determination unit. The transmission unit transmits low-frequency band request signals generated by spread modulating transmission data with predetermined spreading factors. The transmission control unit controls the transmission unit to generate and transmit first and second request signals having first and second attainable ranges by spread modulation using first and second spreading factors, respectively. The reception determination unit performs reception determination to response signal transmitted from the mobile device in response to the request signal.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to systems and methods for combining a plurality of codes. The plurality of codes may be binary codes having possible logical values of ?1 and +1 and may comprise an even number of codes. An output of the combining v0,k may be given by: v0=sgn(vi), where vi is the sum of the first plurality of codes at the first time. Embodiments for allocating different power levels among various codes are presented.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and provides a method and a device for eliminating interference in a mobile communication system. The method comprises: step 1: re-constructing signal estimation {circumflex over (d)}MAI+ISI of inter-symbol interference and multi-access interference in accordance with an output signal {circumflex over (d)}esb from an equalizer; and step 2: performing interference elimination on the inter-symbol interference and multi-access interference in an output signal êMF from a matched filter in accordance with the signal estimation {circumflex over (d)}MAI+ISI of inter-symbol interference and multi-access interference, to obtain signal estimation {circumflex over (d)}JD+IC with the interference eliminated. According to the present invention, it is able to eliminate the impact of an interference signal and improve the receptivity of a receiver for a useful signal.

Abstract: A system for implementing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme and providing an improved range extension. The system includes a transmitter for transmitting data to a receiver. The transmitter includes a symbol mapper for generating a symbol for each of a plurality of subcarriers and a spreading module for spreading out the symbol on each of the plurality of subcarriers by using a direct sequence spread spectrum. The symbol on each of the plurality of subcarriers is spread by multiplying the symbol by predefined length sequences. The receiver includes a de-spreader module for de-spreading the symbols on each of the plurality of subcarriers. The de-spreader module includes a simple correlator receiver for obtaining maximum detection. The correlator produces an output sequence of a same length as an input sequence and the de-spreader module uses a point of maximum correlation on the output sequence to obtain a recovered symbol.

Abstract: A wireless combination time, frequency and spectral shaping communications method that transmits data in convolution unit matrices (data frames) of N×N (N2), where generally either all N2 data symbols are received over N spreading time intervals (each composed of N time slices), or none are. To transmit, the N2 sized data frame matrix is multiplied by a first N×N time-frequency shifting matrix, permuted, and then multiplied by a second N×N spectral shaping matrix, thereby mixing each data symbol across the entire resulting N×N matrix (TFSSS data matrix). Columns from this N2 TFSSS data matrix are selected, modulated, and transmitted, on a one element per time slice basis. At the receiver, the replica TFSSS matrix is reconstructed and deconvoluted, revealing the data. The method can accommodate multiple users at once, can adapt to changing channel conditions, and is particularly useful for coping with channel impairments such as Doppler shifts.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit for a radio communication terminal sequentially uses a plurality of frequency channels by instructions from a hopping frequency decision unit to receive packet data by a reception unit. When the integrated circuit cannot detect the head of the packet data in reception operations, the integrated circuit cannot receive packet data should be received originally then assumes that the received packet data is a packet error. And the integrated circuit calculates packet error rates for each frequency channel on the basis of the number of times of reception operations performed for each frequency channel and of the number of times of packet errors to estimate channel qualities by using the packet error rates.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit for a radio communication terminal sequentially uses a plurality of frequency channels by instructions from a hopping frequency decision unit to receive packet data by a reception unit. When the integrated circuit cannot detect the head of the packet data in reception operations, the integrated circuit cannot receive packet data should be received originally then assumes that the received packet data is a packet error. And the integrated circuit calculates packet error rates for each frequency channel on the basis of the number of times of reception operations performed for each frequency channel and of the number of times of packet errors to estimate channel qualities by using the packet error rates.

Abstract: A method includes executing a first instruction at a processor to perform a first fast Fourier transform (FFT) operation on a set of inputs in a time domain to produce data in a frequency domain, where the set of inputs is in a first order and where the data in the frequency domain is in a second order. The method also includes performing an operation on the data in the frequency domain to produce data in the frequency domain, where the data in the frequency domain is in the second order. The method includes executing a second instruction at the processor to perform a second FFT operation on the data in the frequency domain to produce data in the time domain, where the data in the time domain is in the first order.

Abstract: System and method are disclosed for synchronization of a transmitting device and a receiving device that communicate with each other via pulse modulation. The synchronization technique entails the transmitting device sending one or more quasi-periodic pulse sequences to the receiving device. A quasi-periodic pulse sequence is based on a substantially periodic pulse sequence, and may include some non-periodic pulses or not include some periodic pulses. The transmitting device may transmit frames each including a preamble that comprises one or more quasi-periodic pulse sequences, and a data payload that may comprise data. The receiving device receives the signal, generates samples of the signal, and detects the quasi-periodic pulse sequences in the received signal by analyzing samples based on a sample associated with a pulse and the period associated with the substantially periodic pulse sequence.

Abstract: A hybrid orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and method are disclosed. A WTRU includes a transmitter and a receiver. The receiver processes received data to recover data mapped to the subcarriers using OFDMA. The receiver recovers first input data by separating user data from multi-user spread data and recovers second input data from non-spread data.

Abstract: A method and a device for signal processing in a communication system are provided. The method includes: performing sampling and time-frequency transform on a received first time domain signal to obtain a first frequency domain signal; performing modulus operation on the first frequency domain signal with respect to a preset threshold to obtain a second frequency domain signal; performing inverse time-frequency transform on the second frequency domain signal to obtain a second time domain signal, and performing despreading on the second time domain signal. The embodiments of the present invention can avoid the problem in the prior art that not only the NBI signal but also the SS signal which is a useful signal are filtered out, which results from frequency domain signals of a certain number of frequency points being set to zero, and thereby improve the reliability of signal reception.

Abstract: A preamble generating apparatus used for synchronization of a reception apparatus in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system and generating a preamble to be added to a beginning of data at a time of communication, receives preamble length identifying information and position specifying information, and generates a plurality of elements constituting a preamble according to a predetermined sequence based on those information. The preamble generating apparatus creates a preamble model, and generates a plurality of preambles by setting the generated elements at positions of elements in element deciding information included in the preamble model, the positions indicating elements in the preamble model which are to be used in data communication.

Abstract: A method of data transmission including arranging a set of data elements into an original data frame having a first dimension of N elements and a second dimension of N elements, where N is greater than one. The method includes transforming the original data frame in accordance with a transformation matrix to form a first transformed data matrix having at least N2 transformed data elements wherein each of the transformed data elements is based upon a plurality of the data elements of the original data frame and wherein a first dimension of the first transformed data matrix corresponds to a frequency shift axis and a second dimension corresponds to a time shift axis. A permuted data matrix is formed by permuting at least a portion of the elements of the first transformed data matrix so as to shift the at least a portion of the elements with respect to the time shift axis.

Abstract: System and method for enabling the cohabitation of licensed and unlicensed communications devices. A method comprises at a receiver, receiving transmitted data, demodulating the transmitted data to produce spread symbols, despreading the spread symbols to produce received data, wherein the despreading comprises using an orthogonal sequence selected from a list of orthogonal sequences for use by all transmissions in the wireless network, and processing the received data.

Abstract: For a demand of high speed, low cost and low power loss short distance wireless communication, a high-speed sampling and low-precision quantification pulse ultra-wideband wireless communication method is provided. A baseband narrow pulse sequence is generated at a transmission end using the digital technology by the method, and is transmitted after modulating amplifying and filtering and amplifying at a reception end, after the digital-signal processing of synchronizing, channel estimating, related detecting, and channel decoding, tec, is performed for the quantified data, the transmission information is retrieved.

Abstract: A transmitter comprises a first spreading unit configured to multiply each of multiple data symbols with a first spreading code sequence of a first spreading factor; a compression and repetition unit configured to compress output signals of the first spreading unit in time domain and repeat the compressed signal L times (where L is a natural number greater than or equal to 2); a phase modulation unit configured to multiply the compressed and repeated signal with a user dependent phase and output a data block consisting of L sub-blocks; a second spreading unit configured to replicate the data block according to a second spreading factor and multiply each set of the replicated sub-blocks with a second spreading code sequence of the second spreading factor to produce a two-dimensionally spread signal; and a wireless transmission unit configured to transmit the two-dimensionally spread signal using a single-carrier transmission scheme.

Abstract: A method forms a preamble sequence in a wireless communication system.

Abstract: A technique for disrupting the operation of a target containing nonlinear electronic devices generally includes generating a high frequency signal; generating a low frequency signal; modulating the high frequency signal with the low frequency signal; and emitting the modulated high frequency signal at the target.

Abstract: A scheduling method in a distributed antenna system is provided. Each of a plurality of Mobile Stations (MSs), respectively corresponding to each subchannel, are classified as a Single Transmission (ST) MS or a Cooperative Transmission (CT) MS according to a CT criterion. An MS with a maximum channel capacity is selected from among the classified MSs. Resources are allocated to a corresponding subchannel when the selected MS is the ST MS, and resources are allocated using a CT scheduling technique when the selected MS is the CT MS. The classifying, selecting and allocating steps are repeated until allocation of resources is completed.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention disclose an apparatus for transmitting multi-ary error-correcting codes, an apparatus for receiving multi-ary error-correcting codes, a data transmission system, and relevant methods to simplify operations. The apparatus for transmitting multi-ary error-correcting codes includes: a multi-ary channel encoder, adapted to perform multi-ary coding for source data frames of a user to obtain encoded sequences; a symbol mapper, adapted to perform symbol mapping for the encoded sequences to obtain symbol sequences; and a spreading and interleaving unit, adapted to spread and interleave the symbol sequences. Moreover, a corresponding apparatus for receiving multi-ary error-correcting codes, a data transmission system, and relevant methods are provided.

Abstract: A method includes executing a first instruction at a processor to perform a first fast Fourier transform (FFT) operation on a set of inputs in a time domain to produce data in a frequency domain, where the set of inputs is in a first order and where the data in the frequency domain is in a second order. The method also includes performing an operation on the data in the frequency domain to produce data in the frequency domain, where the data in the frequency domain is in the second order. The method includes executing a second instruction at the processor to perform a second FFT operation on the data in the frequency domain to produce data in the time domain, where the data in the time domain is in the first order.

Abstract: Techniques for transmitting signaling with localized spreading are described. In one design, a transmitter (e.g., a base station) spreads multiple signaling symbols to obtain multiple sets of output symbols and further maps the multiple sets of output symbols to multiple time frequency blocks. The spreading may be localized to each time frequency block. Prior to the spreading, the transmitter may scale the multiple signaling symbols with multiple gains determined based on the transmit power for these signaling symbols. The transmitter may scramble the scaled signaling symbols to obtain scrambled symbols and may spread the scrambled symbols to obtain the multiple sets of output symbols. The transmitter may map each set of output symbols to a respective time frequency block.

Abstract: Dual-mode communication devices, methods, and systems are provided. Embodiments of the present invention include devices, method, and systems enabling communication in a spread-spectrum communication protocol, comprising: receiving a first portion of a communication frame at a first frequency channel, wherein the first portion of the communication frame comprises a data channel index that indicates a second frequency channel for receiving a second portion of the communication frame; switching to the second frequency channel; and receiving the second portion of the communication frame at the second frequency channel. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are claimed and disclosed.

Abstract: A reference signal cyclic shift (CS) is quantized as a combination of a cell specific CS with an outcome of a pseudo-random hopping, and an indication of the cell specific CS is broadcast in the cell. In one embodiment the CS is quantized as a modulo operation on a sum of the cell specific CS, the outcome of the pseudo-random hopping, and a user specific CS, in which case an indication of the user specific CS is sent in an uplink resource allocation and a user sends its cyclically shifted reference signal in the uplink resource allocated by the uplink resource allocation. The CS may also be quantized according to length of the reference signal as cyclic_shift_symbol=(cyclic_shift_value*length of the reference signal)/12; where cyclic_shift_value is between zero and eleven and cyclic_shift_symbol is the amount of CS given in reference signal symbols.

Abstract: A cyclic shift of a reference signal is quantized as a combination of a cell specific cyclic shift with an outcome of a pseudo-random hopping, and an indication of the cell specific cyclic shift is broadcast in the cell. In one embodiment the cyclic shift is quantized as a modulo operation on a sum of the cell specific cyclic shift, the outcome of the pseudo-random hopping, and a user specific cyclic shift, in which case an indication of the user specific cyclic shift is sent in an uplink resource allocation and a user sends its cyclically shifted reference signal in the uplink resource allocated by the uplink resource allocation. The cyclic shift may also be quantized according to length of the reference signal as cyclic_shift_symbol=(cyclic_shift_value*length of the reference signal)/12; where cyclic_shift_value is between zero and eleven and cyclic_shift_symbol is the amount of cyclic shift given in reference signal symbols.

Abstract: A method comprises generating, by logic, a random number. The method also comprises determining a next frequency in said sequence using the random number and one or more of a minimum separation, a channel number, and a number of channels. The method further comprises hopping to the next frequency.

Abstract: A mobile terminal measures interference over multiple measurement periods and generates interference probability data based on the statistical distribution of the interference measured. The interference probability data may describe, for example, the probability of each possible level of interference expected at the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal derives channel quality information as feedback to a base station based on this interference probability data (e.g., when noise at the mobile terminal falls below a threshold). In one embodiment, the mobile terminal does so by estimating from the interference probability data the probability of successfully receiving a transmission if certain feedback information is reported. Derived in this way, the feedback information more reliably indicates interference likely present at the mobile terminal when the base station sends the transmission.