Abstract: This method for transmitting data between a plurality of radio stations of one same network, each station having a transmitter and a receiver, comprises: a first transmission mode in which the network operates with frequency hopping in a first frequency plan, the frequency used for data transmission being maintained for a FH dwell time, and changing from one FH dwell time to another as per a law of frequency change; a second transmission mode in a second frequency plan in which a transmitter station (A) transmits data on a fixed frequency to a receiver station (B), the second mode comprising a step (120) to determine the fixed frequency, the determination step comprising the transmission of a test word on each frequency of the second plan for a respective test dwell time. The duration of the test dwell time is equal to the duration of the FH dwell time multiplied by an integer factor of value between 1 and 6.

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, a device includes: a first frequency search engine configured to receive input values and determine a frequency of a signal to be within a first frequency band; a second delay component configured to store at least a portion of the plurality of input values; and a second frequency search engine configured to determine the frequency of the signal to be within a second band that is a subset of the first band. The first frequency search engine includes: a shift register configured to store bits of the input values; a combining circuit configured to combine bits of the plurality of input values; a first delay component configured to serially store a plurality of accumulator values; and a feedback circuit configured to add a function of the first delay component output to a next accumulator value to obtain a modified next accumulator value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a set of frequencies that can be used in a frequency plane for transmitting information between at least two transceivers of a network operating with frequency hopping, which includes a step of initially determining an initial set of frequencies that can be used, each one of which has a magnitude lower than a threshold, at least one step (210, 220) of monitoring first and second portions of the frequency plane, the first monitored portion comprising the previously determined set of frequencies that can be used, the second monitored portion comprising frequencies that do not belong to the previously determined set of frequencies that can be used, and at least one step (230) of subsequently determining a new set of frequencies that can be used. The monitoring (210, 220) and subsequent determination (230) steps are performed automatically by a transceiver.

Abstract: A method for data transmission is provided for determining movement speed and/or location of a mobile communication device; selecting, based on the movement speed and/or the location of the mobile communication device a frequency hopping mode from a plurality of frequency hopping modes to be used for data transmission to or from the mobile communication device; and transmitting the data using the selected frequency hopping mode.

Abstract: In one embodiment, each device in a frequency hopping communication network operates according to a common broadcast schedule for the network that simultaneously overlays a configured portion of all independently determined unicast listening schedules in the network, wherein the overlaid configured portion is based on broadcast schedule parameters consisting of a first time spent for broadcast transmissions in each broadcast period and a second time between broadcast periods. By monitoring network characteristics relating to unicast traffic and broadcast traffic in the network, updated broadcast schedule parameters may then be determined based on the network characteristics. Operation of the common broadcast schedule may thus be updated with the updated broadcast schedule parameters, accordingly.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a battery-operated communication device “quick-samples” a frequency hopping sequence at a periodic rate corresponding to a substantially low duty cycle, and is discovered by (e.g., attached to) a main-powered communication device. During a scheduled sample, the main-powered communication device transmits a control packet to be received by the battery-operated communication device, the control packet containing timing information and transmitted to account for worst-case clock drift error between the two devices. The battery-operated communication device responds to the control packet with a link-layer acknowledgment containing timing information from the battery-operated communication device. Accordingly, the two devices may re-synchronize their timing based on the timing information in the control packet and acknowledgment, respectively.

Abstract: In one embodiment, each device in a frequency hopping communication network independently determines its own local unicast listening schedule, and discovers a neighbor unicast listening schedule for each of its neighbors. The devices also synchronize to a common broadcast schedule for the network that simultaneously overlays a configured portion of all unicast listening schedules in the network. Accordingly, the device operate in a receive mode according to their local unicast listening schedule and the common broadcast schedule during the overlaid configured portion, and in a transmit mode according to each neighbor unicast listening schedule and the common broadcast schedule during the overlaid configured portion depending upon a destination of transmitted traffic.

Abstract: A code sequence transmission method capable of improving system throughput and user throughput by improving power utilization efficiencies of a control channel and a data channel including a plurality of signals having different required qualities is provided. In a mobile station, a bit sequence of a TFCI is transmitted within one frame a plurality of times repeatedly, the bit sequence of each TFCI is multiplied by one bit of a bit sequence of an SI, a multiplication result is transmitted. It is thereby possible to transmit both the TFCI and the SI without providing a signal field of the SI in each frame.

Abstract: A method of receiving a plurality of simultaneously transmitted data streams is disclosed. Each data stream is divided into portions and transmitted at predetermined frequencies and times according to a frequency-hopping pattern. The portions are received using a plurality of receivers. Each receiver is configured to receive portions transmitted on one of the predetermined frequencies. The received portions are temporarily stored in a memory such that the received portions are stored as a function of receiver and time. The stored portions are compared to the frequency-hopping pattern. It is determined if any combination of the stored portions corresponds to the predetermined frequencies and times of the frequency-hopping pattern.

Abstract: A synchronization method in a Ultra Wideband (UWB) receiver includes receiving a signal through a multipath channel, and synchronizing with a first multipath component of the received signal by computing a correlation value between the received signal and a template signal of the receiver in a predetermined search range. Since multipath components received at the receiver after the first multipath component of the received signal have lower power than that of the first multipath component, the synchronization with the first multipath component of the received signal may improve the performance in processes after the synchronization process.

Abstract: A data transmission method, a network device, and a communication system are provided. The method includes: acquiring a frequency hopping time period and frequency hopping information when reliable transmission is required; transmitting data according to the frequency hopping information in the frequency hopping time period. Thus, the reliability of data transmission is ensured, the original network is not changed significantly, and the system overhead and resources are saved.

Abstract: A correlation apparatus for tracking a satellite signal includes a shifter, a multiplexer and an accumulator. The shifter generates generating a Prompt signal, a plurality of Early signals and a plurality of Late signals. The multiplexer outputs at least one of the plurality of Early signals and at least one of the plurality of Late signals. The accumulator acquires a correlation signal to tracking the satellite signal.

Abstract: A method for synchronization of transmitted and received signals in frequency hopping communications systems. A synchronization unit is arranged for synchronization of transmitted and received signals in frequency hopping communication systems and a frequency hopping communication system including a synchronization unit.

Abstract: A technique is provided that can avoid radio zone interference in a radio controlled model apparatus which employs a frequency hopping system in the spread spectrum radio techniques. In a controller for maneuvering, for example, model airplanes, a process for detecting whether or not a radio zone is in an occupied state is initiated, with an initial radio zone represented by information stored in a nonvolatile memory acting as a starting point. Until an unoccupied radio zone is detected, the process of detecting the occupation of radio zones continues according to a predetermined sequence. Thus, an available radio zone can be detected. Moreover, information representing an initial radio zone, stored in a nonvolatile memory, is updated immediately after power-on of the controller.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of determining a phase estimate for an input signal having pilot symbols. The method includes receiving a plurality of pilot symbols, and then multiplying two or more pilot symbol slots by corresponding correlator coefficients to correct a phase estimate of the input signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for using a frequency hopping scheme in a broadcast communication system are provided. A method for transmitting a broadcast signal via at least two frequency bands by a transmission end device in the broadcast communication system includes determining a frequency hopping pattern for providing a broadcast service and transmitting the same; transmitting control information via a first frame after a frequency is changed according to the frequency hopping pattern; and transmitting broadcast data for the broadcast service via a frame transmitted after the first frame.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for managing message communications in systems employing frequency hopping. One method according to the invention involves transmitting a message via a frequency of a frequency hopping sequence, and determining when the same frequency will reoccur in the frequency hopping sequence. Relevant portions of the device enter a sleep mode, and the device emerges from the sleep mode when the frequency at which the message was transmitted reoccurs in the frequency hopping sequence. The device monitors for a response to the message via the frequency at which the message was transmitted when the frequency reoccurs in the frequency hopping sequence.

Abstract: A receiving method and apparatus for increasing coherent integration length while receiving a positioning signal from transmitters such as GPS satellites. In order to compensate for frequency drifts that may occur in the positioning signal, a hypothesis is made as to the frequency drift, which is inserted into the receiving algorithm. Advantageously, the length of coherent integration can be increased at the expense of reducing the length of incoherent integration while keeping the total integration length the same, the net effect of which is an increase in signal detection sensitivity. The frequency drift hypothesis has any appropriate waveform; for example, approximately linear or exponential.

Abstract: This invention relates to cognitive radio based wireless communications of dynamic spectrum access networks, and in particular to a method of addressing zero-delay frequency switching for cognitive dynamic frequency hopping. The method combines regular (periodic) channel maintenance with dynamic frequency hopping over a cluster of vacated channels that are initially setup such that the switching delays for channel setup and channel availability check are eliminated.

Abstract: Integrated low-IF (low intermediate frequency) data receivers and associated methods are disclosed that provide advantageous and cost-efficient solutions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for establishing a highly mobile, long range secure wireless network with dynamic topologies and near full connectivity with acceptable latency using low cost, low power, compact and lightweight devices. One aspect of the system deals with a highly mobile network with dynamic network topologies and a time varying wireless medium that has neither absolute nor readily observable boundaries outside of which radio nodes are known to be unable to receive network frames, although the desirable open field boundary is 1 mile in radius from a base station node. A synchronous frequency hopping technique is used with mobile nodes that can become slave base station nodes to a master base station node to increase the effective range of the master base station without increasing the transmit power.

Abstract: A method comprising: determining which of a first process and a second process uses a first resource, wherein the first process requires use of a first resource to produce a result and the second process competes with the first process for use of the first resource; and controlling the first process, when the second process uses the first resource, to produce a result without use of the first resource.

Abstract: The invention relates to a frequency hopping communication method in which the data travels over time-variable frequency bearers. A frequency bearer is defined as a subset pair of carriers in a channel of a set of frequency channels (RF). The choice of the frequency bearers is derived from a pseudo-random draw.

Abstract: A method of fighting interference in a frequency-hopping communication system is disclosed. The system has at least one main sensor and one or more auxiliary sensors. According to at least one embodiment, frequency-hopping signals are received. The frequency-hopping signals are arranged to include useful bands and one or more guard bands inserted between the useful bands, and a ratio of the useful bands to the guard bands being chosen according to a predetermined value of probability of interference interception. Signals of the inserted guard bands having a signal level greater than a predetermined threshold are selected. A set of spatial-filtering weightings are calculated according to a correlation matrix of noise plus jammers alone on the signals selected. Baseband signals of the received frequency-hopping signals are filtered by the set of the calculated spatial-filtering weightings.

Abstract: A control unit sends a plurality of request messages to the I/O units. The I/O units send a plurality of response messages to the control unit. The request messages and response messages are sent using radio-frequency signals. The I/O units expect to receive a request message within defined first time intervals, and the control unit expects to receive at least one response message within defined second time intervals. The control unit and the I/O units maintain a selected transmission frequency for as long as the request messages and response messages are received within the defined time intervals. The control unit and the I/O units change the transmission frequencies according to a defined pattern if no expected message is received within the defined time intervals.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adjustable transmit diversity (adjustable PSTD) are provided. A base station transmits information to a mobile station over two antennas. Using information received from the mobile station related to channel conditions, the base station can adjust a frequency offset between the information transmitted over the two antennas.

Abstract: The present technology relates to protocols relative to utility meters associated with an open operational framework. More particularly, the present subject matter relates to protocol subject matter for advanced metering infrastructure, adaptable to various international standards, while economically supporting a 2-way mesh network solution in a wireless environment, such as for operating in a residential electricity meter field. The present subject matter supports meters within an ANSI standard C12.22/C12.19 system while economically supporting a 2-way mesh network solution in a wireless environment, such as for operating in a residential electricity meter field, all to permit cell-based adaptive insertion of C12.22 meters within an open framework. Cell isolation is provided through quasi-orthogonal sequences in a frequency hopping network.

Abstract: A process control system or other system includes multiple nodes that communicate using frequency-hopping patterns. Each node may operate using its own frequency-hopping pattern. Each node may also broadcast information identifying its frequency-hopping pattern to other nodes, such as any neighboring nodes. Each node may further receive information identifying the frequency-hopping patterns of any neighboring nodes. The nodes may then operate in a non-synchronized manner and use the frequency-hopping patterns of neighboring nodes to communicate. For example, each node may use the identified frequency-hopping pattern of a neighboring node to synchronize with and communicate data to the neighboring node. In this way, the nodes need not maintain synchronization at all times during operation. Also, different nodes may use different frequency channels at the same time, helping to increase the bandwidth available for wireless communications.

Abstract: A communication system that allows communication devices to synchronize the transfer of data to allow the devices to wirelessly and efficiently communicate in a star or mesh network. The communication system operates in the presence of other communication systems noise sources using a spread spectrum frequency hopping transmission scheme to efficiently generate adaptive frequency hopping patterns that are unique to the members of the wireless network based on a network identification code. The communication system employs a predictive retrieval of data for transmission from one device storing the data to a requesting device. A communication device transfers communication from a first network to a second network when the device has been moved beyond the range of the first network, where the second network is in communication with at least one other member device of the first network.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed relating to communications. The systems and techniques involve separating a plurality of subscriber stations into first and second groups, a different first code from a plurality of orthogonal codes to each of the subscriber stations in the first group, assigning each of the subscriber stations in the first group either its allocated first code or a first sub-code derived from its allocated first code, to support a dedicated channel, and assigning a second sub-code derived from one of the first codes to support a communications channel to one of the subscriber stations in the second group. A second code may be used to support a dedicated channel to the second subscriber station.

Abstract: Disclosed is a low power consumption GNSS receiver by adaptively adjusting clock frequency. A correlator performs correlations to signals received from the channels with a correlator clock frequency. A DSP controls the correlator clock frequency according to a correlator load to performing correlations. The DSP calculates and adjusts code phases and Doppler frequencies for the signals in turn with a DSP clock frequency. The DSP controls the DSP clock frequency according to an accumulated throughput of calculation and adjustment or a predetermined threshold number of channels. The DSP controls the RF power according to the correlator load. A microprocessor processes a measurement result of the calculation and the adjustment for obtaining position information with a microprocessor clock frequency. The microprocessor controls the microprocessor clock frequency according to an accumulated progress of processing the measurement result. Accordingly, reducing power consumption for the GNSS receiver can be realized.

Abstract: A secure information transmission system includes one or more transmitters and one or more receivers. The transmission waveform employed includes highly randomized, independent stochastic processes, and is secured as a separate entity from the information it carries. The signal, using novel modulation methodology reducing impulse responses, has a paucity of spectral information and may be detected, acquired and demodulated only by communicants generating the necessary receiving algorithm coefficients. The physical area of signal reception is restricted to that of each intended communicant, reception areas following movements of mobile communicants. A unique instant in time is used as basis for communications keys to the securing algorithms dynamically generated on a one-time basis and never exchanged or stored by communicants.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a spread spectrum signal in a single communication session between a transmitter and a receiver, stores a series of N unique waveform designs and a hopping sequence in a transmitter memory. A signal is transmitted to a receiver according to the hopping sequence using the plurality of N unique waveform designs. Preferably, each waveform design is characterized by a unique composite spreading code that is formed by at least some of a plurality of constituent code segments. Alternatively or additionally, the waveform designs may differ by any one or more of code length, symbol or chip timing or phase, frame or burst structure, chip offset, modulation, error control coding, encryption scheme, or scrambling code. A transmitter and receiver are also disclosed, as is the concept of appending chips between symbols to expand the universe of unique spreading codes without incurring an increase in processing gain.

Abstract: Each base station transmits a TDM pilot 1 having multiple instances of a pilot-1 sequence generated with a PN1 sequence and a TDM pilot 2 having at least one instance of a pilot-2 sequence generated with a PN2 sequence. Each base station is assigned a specific PN2 sequence that uniquely identifies that base station. A terminal uses TDM pilot 1 to detect for the presence of a signal and uses TDM pilot 2 to identify base stations and obtain accurate timing. For signal detection, the terminal performs delayed correlation on received samples and determines whether a signal is present. If a signal is detected, the terminal performs direct correlation on the received samples with PN1 sequences for K1 different time offsets and identifies K2 strongest TDM pilot 1 instances. For time synchronization, the terminal performs direct correlation on the received samples with PN2 sequences to detect for TDM pilot 2.

Abstract: A receiver in an impulse wireless communication. The receiver (300) includes a pulse-pair correlator (304) that receives a signal (316) and divides it into two signals for paths. One of the signals is input to signal multiplier (312) while another signal is delayed by a delay unit (310). The signal multiplier (312) multiplies the received signal (316) by a delayed signal (318). An integrator (314) integrates an output signal (322) over a designated period of time. An adding module (306) sums an output signal (324) from the integrator (314). An acquiring module (308) compares an summing-up output (326) from the adding module (306) with a predetermined threshold value to detect the existence of a transmitting-standard preamble.

Abstract: A system for implementing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme and providing an improved range extension. The system includes a transmitter for transmitting data to a receiver. The transmitter includes a symbol mapper for generating a symbol for each of a plurality of subcarriers and a spreading module for spreading out the symbol on each of the plurality of subcarriers by using a direct sequence spread spectrum. The symbol on each of the plurality of subcarriers is spread by multiplying the symbol by predefined length sequences. The receiver includes a de-spreader module for de-spreading the symbols on each of the plurality of subcarriers. The de-spreader module includes a simply correlator receiver for obtaining maximum detection. The correlator produces an output sequence of a same length as an input sequence and the de-spreader module uses a point of maximum correlation on the output sequence to obtain a recovered symbol.

Abstract: Improved ways of communicating assignment signals using flash signaling are described, e.g., for wireless terminals with low SNR, that are more robust against large variation of channel gains due to e.g., frequency selective fading and fast fading in time. Coding and modulation methods and apparatus that have excellent properties against symbol erasures are described. The use of flash signaling provides an improved assignment channel having strong performance on the fading channel without compromising the performance on the AWGN channel. In one exemplary embodiment, the coding and modulation method can tolerate up to 5 erased symbols out of 8 transmitted symbols. One embodiment reduces or minimizes the sector interference on the flash assignment by improving or maximizing orthogonality between different sectors. In addition, one embodiment describes improved ways of swapping flash assignment tone-symbols in the presence other high priority signals, like sector pilots and sector null pilots.

Abstract: A hopping pattern setting section sets, as a frequency hopping pattern code, elements of a matrix in which all integers of “1” to “the number of frequencies to be used” appear only once and which is obtained by adding, as an offset, any one of integers of “0” to “(the number of frequencies to be used)?1” to each of elements of a matrix obtained by excluding integers larger than the number of frequencies to be used from a matrix in which all integers of “1” to “(prime number larger than the number of frequencies to be used)?1” appear only once. A frequency oscillation section converts the frequency hopping pattern code into the frequencies to be used to output unmodulated signals of the frequencies to a transmission section and a reception section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for establishing a highly mobile, long range secure wireless network with dynamic topologies and near full connectivity with acceptable latency using low cost, low power, compact and lightweight devices. One aspect of the system deals with a highly mobile network with dynamic network topologies and a time varying wireless medium that has neither absolute nor readily observable boundaries outside of which radio nodes are known to be unable to receive network frames, although the desirable open field boundary is 1 mile in radius from a base station node. A synchronous frequency hopping technique is used with mobile nodes that can become slave base station nodes to a master base station node to increase the effective range of the master base station without increasing the transmit power.

Abstract: Improvements are disclosed for in-band signaling, i.e., transmission of data in a voice channel of a digital wireless network during a voice call session. A family of narrow-band signaling methods is disclosed to successfully pass data-carrying signals through the low-bit rate modes of the EVRC-B vocoder commonly used in CDMA wireless channels. Some embodiments generate a tapered signaling waveform in tandem with another waveform using FSK-modulation. These features can be used in cell phones or other wireless communication devices, including automotive applications.

Abstract: Methods and systems of a receiver selecting a subset of plurality of frequency hopping bands for synchronization of the receiver are disclosed. One method includes the receiver determining a receive signal quality metric for each band of the plurality of frequency hopping bands, and selecting at least one synchronization band as a subset of the plurality of frequency hopping bands for synchronization based on the receive signal quality metric of each of the plurality of frequency hopping bands.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a spread spectrum signal in a single communication session between a transmitter and a receiver, stores a series of N unique waveform designs and a hopping sequence in a transmitter memory. A signal is transmitted to a receiver according to the hopping sequence using the plurality of N unique waveform designs. Preferably, each waveform design is characterized by a unique composite spreading code that is formed by at least some of a plurality of constituent code segments. Alternatively or additionally, the waveform designs may differ by any one or more of code length, symbol or chip timing or phase, frame or burst structure, chip offset, modulation, error control coding, encryption scheme, or scrambling code. A transmitter and receiver are also disclosed, as is the concept of appending chips between symbols to expand the universe of unique spreading codes without incurring an increase in processing gain.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a transmission circuit transmitting a power signal using frequency hopping system from an antenna connected to the transmission circuit through a transmission path, the transmission circuit including: a controller outputting an amplitude set value for each hopping frequency of the power signal before being transmitted according to power level of the power signal at the antenna; a pre-driver controlling the amplitude of the power signal before being transmitted for each hopping frequency according to the amplitude set value; and a power amplifier outputting the power signal to the transmission path according to the signal output from the pre-driver.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems for synthesizing frequencies for use in a fast hopping wireless communications system. A frequency synthesizer comprises a plurality of oscillators with each oscillator having a first input coupled to a reference clock frequency signal, and a signal selector having a control signal input and a plurality of reference clock inputs with each reference clock input coupled to an output from an oscillator. Each oscillator produces a reference frequency that is a harmonic of a reference clock frequency of the reference clock frequency signal, and the signal selector couples a reference clock input to an output based on a control signal provided by the control signal input.

Abstract: The invention discloses a system (100) for a fast frequency hopping radio, and comprises a transmit part (110) and a receive part (120). Each of the receive (110) and transmit (120) parts comprise a unit (115, 125) for random frequency generation, the random frequency generating unit of both parts being similar. The random frequency generator (115, 125) of each of said parts comprises a pseudo random number generator, a PRN-generator, the PRN-generator being based on a FIR-algorithm, and said PRN-generator uses a clock signal which has been generated externally to the system as input. The external clock signal which is used is suitably a clock signal from the GPS-system.

Abstract: Degradation of the OFDM signal carrying DVB-H content, caused by GSM burst transmission, is overcome without the need for hardware to constrain the GSM transmission spectrum by the modulating of the OFDM signal and utilizing the interleaving and Forward Error Correction (FEC) defined in the DVB-H standard to correct the errors caused by GSM transmission interference. A pattern in time and frequency of the scattered pilots in the OFDM signal is detected during a period of no burst transmission. During burst transmissions from the transmitter, scattered pilots are inserted into the received OFDM signal according to the pattern. An FFT demodulator utilizes the inserted scattered pilots to perform frame synchronization when the OFDM signal is degraded by interference from the burst transmission. The demodulated signal is de-interleaved, and bit errors due to the burst transmission interference are corrected by FEC decoders.

Abstract: A frequency hopping coordinator device scans a plurality of frequencies for request for services messages during an unused time slot in order to detect a request for service preamble on one of the frequencies and, responsive thereto, send a service packet message to an end device from which it received the request for service message on the one frequency. The service packet includes a current frequency sequence value of the coordinator device's pseudo-random number sequence and beacon timing information that indicates when periodic beacon messages occur. An endpoint device sends a request for services message on a first frequency of the plurality of frequencies scanned by the coordinator device that includes a preamble identifiable by the coordinator device. The endpoint device receives the service packet message and, responsive thereto, changes the end point's current frequency sequence value and timing information to match the values sent by the coordinator device.

Abstract: An integrated low-IF (low intermediate frequency) terrestrial broadcast receiver and associated method are disclosed that provide an advantageous and cost-efficient solution. The integrated receiver includes a mixer, local oscillator generation circuitry, low-IF conversion circuitry, and DSP circuitry. And the integrated receiver is particularly suited for small, portable devices and the reception of terrestrial audio broadcasts, such as FM and AM terrestrial audio broadcast, in such portable devices.

Abstract: During watching television programs, a composite signal is converted into a digital broadcast video signal by a video decoder, and encoded into a Y/C signal by a video encoder and then, broadcast pictures are displayed on a monitor by using the Y/C signal. Further, when reproducing a DVD, reproduced pictures are displayed on the monitor by using the Y/C signal encoded from a reproduced video signal by a video encoder. When power is supplied, a CPU initializes a recorder section and instructs a CPU to display a message indicating that the initialization process is being performed on the monitor. The CPU on-screen displays the message on the monitor.

Abstract: A method for use in receiving a spread-spectrum signal includes receiving an input signal. The input signal includes a first plurality of multipath components. The method also includes despreading the first plurality of multipath components. The step of despreading includes computing a plurality of corresponding delays. The method also includes computing a plurality of combining weights based, at least in part, on interference correlation between at least two of the first plurality of multipath components, selecting, according to at least one criterion, a subset of the plurality of combining weights, and despreading and combining a second plurality of multipath components using at least one quantity related to the selected plurality of combining weights and a plurality of delays and multipath components corresponding to the plurality of selected combining weights.