Abstract: The present invention includes a method of determining a phase estimate for an input signal having pilot symbols. The method includes receiving a plurality of pilot symbols, and then multiplying two or more pilot symbol slots by corresponding correlator coefficients to correct a phase estimate of the input signal.

Abstract: A frequency allocation method and apparatus using a mirroring-assisted frequency hopping pattern is provided for retransmission in a wireless communication system operating in frequency hopping mode. A frequency allocation method for a wireless communication system operating in frequency hopping mode includes generating a mirroring pattern having a mirroring-assisted frequency hopping interval identical with a data retransmission interval; and allocating different frequency bands for an initial transmission and retransmission by performing frequency hopping according to the mirroring pattern. Preferably, the mirroring-assisted frequency hopping interval is shorter than the data retransmission interval.

Abstract: An STBC based signal transmission method considering the number of symbols within a slot. In transmitting a signal using two or more transmission antennas in a mobile communication system using a structure in which one subframe includes two slots and each slot includes a plurality of symbols, transmission symbols are paired in units of two consecutive symbols within each subframe by an STBC scheme. The transmission symbols are mapped to a frequency region in units of slots and the mapped transmission symbols are transmitted. One symbol within a slot in which the number of symbols excluding symbols for transmitting a reference signal is an odd number is not paired by the STBC scheme.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for managing message communications in systems employing frequency hopping. One method according to the invention involves transmitting a message via a frequency of a frequency hopping sequence, and determining when the same frequency will reoccur in the frequency hopping sequence. Relevant portions of the device enter a sleep mode, and the device emerges from the sleep mode when the frequency at which the message was transmitted reoccurs in the frequency hopping sequence. The device monitors for a response to the message via the frequency at which the message was transmitted when the frequency reoccurs in the frequency hopping sequence.

Abstract: A spread spectrum clock signal generator for spreading an input clock signal into an output clock signal includes a clock signal delay chain for delaying the input clock signal into a delay clock signal group having a plurality of delay clock signals, a modulation controller for outputting a counter clock signal control signal, a clock signal selection circuit for selecting, from the delay clock signal group, a modulation clock signal group having a plurality of modulation clock signals, a programmable counter for generating a counting value according to a counter clock signal, and a clock signal output unit for combining the modulation clock signals into the output clock signal according to the counting value, and further generating the counter clock signal, outputted to the programmable counter, according to the counter clock signal control signal.

Abstract: This disclosure relates systems and methods for a high bandwidth modulation and transmission of communication signals.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that provide ultra-wideband frequency hopping spread spectrum (UWB-FHSS) solutions for transmit and receive architectures. These UWB-FHSS transmit and receive architectures can transmit signals over an extremely wide bandwidth while using a relatively slow analog-to-digital converter (ADC) without suffering from unacceptable performance degradation. For example, ADCs can be used having sample rates lower than standard Nyquist criteria would require for the bandwidth of the spread spectrum utilized.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system wherein communication devices exchange information utilizing data units conforming to a first format, a method for generating a physical layer (PHY) data unit conforming to a second format and used to transmit PHY information includes generating a first sequence u of a channel estimation field (CEF) of the PHY data unit. The first sequence u of the CEF includes complementary Golay sequences a and b and is spread with a first cover code. The method also includes generating a second sequence v of the CEF. The second sequence v follows the first sequence u, includes the complementary Golay sequences a and b, and is spread with a second cover code different than the first cover code. The method also includes generating PHY information elements of the PHY data unit. The PHY information elements are not specified by the first format.

Abstract: Space-time coding is applied to a wave transmitter, receiver, or both. In general, the space-time coding is performed by real or synthetic motion of the transmitter or receiver, with the location of energy radiation/reception varying over the symbol duration with at least one occurrence during the symbol duration of a minimum instantaneous speed greater than a quarter of the ratio of the smallest wavelength of the waves divided by the symbol duration, and with coded acceleration of the modification of location to modify the velocity over the symbol duration.

Abstract: An adjustable code generator is configurable to generate any of a plurality of spread-spectrum code signals. The adjustable code generator includes a feedback polynomial mask table to contain a set of feedback polynomial masks. Respective feedback polynomial masks of the set correspond to respective spread-spectrum code signals of the plurality of spread-spectrum code signals. The adjustable code generator also includes control logic to select any of the feedback polynomial masks of the set contained in the feedback polynomial mask table, and further includes a shift register to provide, at an output, a respective spread-spectrum code signal that corresponds to a feedback polynomial mask selected by the control logic and to receive feedback generated using the feedback polynomial mask selected by the control logic.

Abstract: A reference signal cyclic shift (CS) is quantized as a combination of a cell specific CS with an outcome of a pseudo-random hopping, and an indication of the cell specific CS is broadcast in the cell. In one embodiment the CS is quantized as a modulo operation on a sum of the cell specific CS, the outcome of the pseudo-random hopping, and a user specific CS, in which case an indication of the user specific CS is sent in an uplink resource allocation and a user sends its cyclically shifted reference signal in the uplink resource allocated by the uplink resource allocation. The CS may also be quantized according to length of the reference signal as cyclic_shift_symbol=(cyclic_shift_value*length of the reference signal)/12; where cyclic_shift_value is between zero and eleven and cyclic_shift_symbol is the amount of CS given in reference signal symbols.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system in which communication devices exchange information utilizing data units that conform to a first format, wherein the first format includes a short training field (STF) spread with a first spread code, a method for generating a physical layer (PHY) data unit that conforms to a second format includes generating a first portion of the PHY data unit to indicate the PHY data unit conforms to the second format. The first portion of the PHY data unit includes an STF spread with a second spread code different than the first spread code. The method also includes generating a second portion of the PHY data unit according to the second format. The second portion of the PHY data unit includes PHY information elements not specified by the first format.

Abstract: A radio frequency transmission module is adapted to generate a first signal to be transmitted and to convert the signal to a radio frequency carrier for its radio transmission, in an operational phase, and is adapted to generate a second signal and to convert the second signal to the radio frequency carrier, in a calibration phase. The module includes a calibration unit having a subsampler adapted to subsample the second converted signal and a calculation unit adapted to calculate Fourier Transform coefficients representative of the signal delivered by the subsampler, for the purposes of processing the first signal to be transmitted, in the operational phase, as a function of at least some of the Fourier coefficients calculated in the calibration phase.

Abstract: A method for generating/transmitting a transmission-unit symbol sequence is disclosed. In the case of transmission information, the information is modulated in time and frequency domains on the basis of a predetermined transmission unit (e.g., a transmission time interval TTI or slot), simultaneous transmission of the information is made, and then a transmission unit symbol is generated/transmitted. A transmission sequence is masked in each symbol contained in one transmission unit. Symbol-unit circular shift (cyclic shift) is applied to the masked result, so that transmission efficiency increases. A control signal transmission method for supporting a variety of formats and a signal transmission method based on a prime-length sequence are also provided.

Abstract: A transmission signal processing method is provided, for generating a first OFDM modulation signal and a second OFDM modulation signal which are transmitted in an identical frequency band, by utilizing a first antenna for transmitting the first OFDM modulation signal and by utilizing a second antenna for transmitting the second OFDM modulation signal. The method includes a step of generating the first OFDM modulation signal and the second OFDM modulation signal utilizing a plurality of OFDM modulation signal generators, and a step of outputting the first OFDM modulation signal to the first antenna and the second OFDM modulation signal to the second antenna.

Abstract: Apparatus, and an associated method, for sending a data block in an OFDM, or other MCM, communication system with reduced PAPR is provided. The data block is combined with a random scrambling sequence. An IDFT operation is performed upon the combined sequence, and its PAPR, peak-to-average power ratio, is calculated. The PAPR is compared against a threshold. If the PAPR is smaller than a threshold, the transformed, combination sequence is transmitted. Otherwise, a different scrambling sequence, if available, is used to form a new combination sequence, and the process iterates until either a PAPR smaller than the threshold is obtained, or a pre-defined maximum number of iterations is reached. If the maximum number of iterations is reached and no combination sequence is created that leads to an acceptable PAPR, then the transformed, combination sequence that exhibits the smallest PAPR level is selected for transmission.

Abstract: The present invention relates to frequency hopping in wireless communication systems utilizing single-carriers with varying bandwidth. Frequency hopping is made possible by dividing the available bandwidth, associated to the available frequency spectrum, in a leveled structure, a bandwidth tree. By the use of a frequency hopping tree, which has the same structure as the bandwidth tree and wherein each leaf represent a hopping sequence, a frequency hopping scheme is determined. Orthogonality in-between the frequency hopping schemes for different users is ensured by letting a users hopping sequence value at a level n, be dependent on the hopping sequence value associated to the same branch structure on the adjacent level closer to the root of the tree, n?1, and an input sequence associated with the level n.

Abstract: An OFDM transmitter and receiver realizing high-speed cell search and having a reducible circuit scale. An OFDM transmitter includes an SCH inserting section for constructing a frame where a synchronization sequence in a predetermined position from the head of a first sub-frame is arranged and a synchronization sequence composed of the symbols of the former synchronization sequence and the symbols whose I, Q components are interchanged is arranged in a predetermined position from the head of a second sub-frame adjacent in the time-axis direction to the former sub-frame, an IFFT section, a P-SCH conversion section, and an RF transmitting section for transmitting this frame. Thus, the receiving end of the frame can locate the position of either synchronization sequence and determine the frame timing from that position, thereby increasing the speed of the cell search.

Abstract: Disclosed is a circuit and method to program the starting phase of the spread spectrum of a clock output. The circuit includes a plurality of phase locked loop (PLL) circuits for generating a plurality of spread spectrum waveforms. The circuit also includes a spread control circuit for controlling each of the plurality of PLL circuits in accordance with a plurality of respective spread profiles. The spread profiles are configured to vary a starting phase of each spread spectrum waveform such that a total energy of each spread spectrum waveform is out of phase with other spread spectrum waveforms.

Abstract: A communication technique based on direct sequence spread spectrum signaling employs, for all users sharing an access channel, a single spreading code that has a duration sufficiently longer than the symbol length that the likelihood of confusion between users is minimized if not eliminated. The length of the spreading code is sufficiently long that contention events can occur only when two bursts occur at the receiver within one chip time of one another.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate employing constrained frequency hopping of downlink reference signals. Constrained frequency hopping of reference signals provides a sufficiently large set of frequency hopping patterns while enhancing channel estimation. Respective subsets of resource elements can be selected to carry reference signals from a plurality of antennas for a first subframe of a sequence. Further, respective subsets of resource elements used to carry reference signals from the plurality of antennas for a second subframe can be constrained based upon the respective subsets for the first subframe. Moreover, the first subframe frame and the second subframe (and similarly any additional subframes in the sequence) can be transmitted. An access terminal receiving the sequence of subframes can combine reference signals sent from common antennas at common frequency locations in the plurality of subframes and perform channel estimation as a function of the combined reference signals.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate defining and utilizing hopping patterns to transmit broadband pilot signals in a wireless communications network. Portions of bandwidth can be dedicated to transmitting the broadband pilot data, and patterns can be utilized to hop across frequencies in given time periods to effectively utilize the entire dedicated bandwidth. Moreover, the periodicity for transmitting the data is configurable to allow devices requiring additional scheduling (e.g., high activity devices) to transmit the broadband pilot data more frequently. The hopping patterns can also hop across cyclic shifts of the patterns to provide optimum diversity for transmitting broadband pilot signals.

Abstract: A spread spectrum modulation unit (12) performs spread spectrum clocking processing for a basic clock signal (BC) synchronized with the carrier frequency or its harmonic frequency of image information leaked from an unwanted electromagnetic wave. A modulation pattern generation unit (13) generates and outputs, as a modulation pattern signal (MP), a PN code having sign bit data synchronized with each pulse of the obtained spread spectrum clock signal SC. In addition, the modulation pattern generation unit (13) resets the repetition period of the PN code based on a horizontal sync signal (H). A modulated clock generation unit (14) modulates the spread spectrum clock signal (SC) in accordance with the modulation pattern signal (MP). The obtained modulated clock signal (MC) is amplified, generating a leakage prevention signal (JC). A leakage prevention signal containing a sideband component of a satisfactory level can be generated, obtaining a useful leakage prevention effect.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing an efficient mechanism for transmitting information needed to receive a secondary carrier over an existing message protocol on a primary carrier for a multiple carrier capable communications terminal. The receiver terminal may receive, on a primary carrier, a message containing information including a timing offset and a cell identification for a secondary carrier, for example. The communications terminal may then correlate a receiver to receive the secondary carrier without the need for a separate synchronization signal on the secondary carrier. These embodiments result in additional efficiency in a communications system.

Abstract: An encoder encodes sound data and the like to generate a binary signal. A mapper converts the binary signal into a four-level symbol and outputs the four-level symbol. A base band filter includes a root raised cosine filter and a sinc filter. The base band filter blocks a predetermined frequency component of a symbol to shape the symbol into a waveform signal and outputs the waveform signal shaped. An FM modulator transmits a signal subjected to FM modulation according to a magnitude of an amplitude of a waveform signal to a receiving unit. When a symbol of ±3 is outputted from the mapper, a frequency shift of a signal transmitted from the FM modulator has a predetermined value in a range of ±0.822[kHz] to ±0.952[kHz]. This makes it possible to provide a modulating apparatus, a mobile communication system, a modulating method, and a communication method that use a modulating method that can conform to the FCC rule to be enforced in 2005 without using a linear power amplifier.

Abstract: In an envelope comparison embodiment, a delay calibrator produces a delay signal based on a comparison of a feedback signal and an envelope component of the transmitted signal. A down-converter produces the feedback signal from an outgoing modulated RF signal based on at least one local oscillation. Envelope detectors in the delay calibrator and the envelope signal path are operably coupled to a summing node that produces a delay error signal based on a temporal difference between the two envelopes. One embodiment includes phase detectors to detect and adjust the zero crossings of the feedback signal and the envelope signal path. As the delay mismatch between the envelope signal path and the phase signal path increases, the power spectrum increases in adjacent communication channels. A mask margin measurement technique measures the power level in an adjacent channel and adjusts the envelope path delay accordingly.

Abstract: Low-power transmitter and/or receiver devices are provided by sacrificing time and/or frequency diversity in exchange for lower power consumption. When channel conditions indicate that time and/or frequency spreading are unnecessary for transmissions, a transmitter may enter into a power-conservation mode in which transmissions are performed using a time gating scheme or a time repetition scheme. In the time gating scheme, symbols are transmitting just once, rather than a plurality of times, but with increased transmission power. In the time repetition scheme, copies of the same symbol are transmitted a plurality of times on the same frequency on different symbol transmission periods, instead of being retransmitted on different frequencies on different symbol transmission periods. Consequently, the symbol can be generated once and stored for subsequent retransmission, thereby allowing some of the transmitter/receiver chain components can be operated at a lower duty cycle or processing speed to conserve power.

Abstract: A cellular communications system includes a base station and a plurality of user devices, wherein each user device is operable to communicate with the base station over a communication channel having a plurality of frequency resources, wherein the base station is operable: i) to provide each user device with a respective initial allocation of the frequency resources; and ii) to provide at least one user device with a periodic communications opportunity in which the user device can communicate with the base station, wherein each user device is operable to apply a frequency shift to its initially allocated frequency resource in accordance with a frequency hopping sequence, wherein the user devices use the same frequency hopping sequence and are synchronized with each other so that, at any point in time, a common frequency shift is applied by the user devices.

Abstract: A low-power wireless network involves a master and a plurality of RF-enabled fluorescent lamp starter units. In each of a plurality of intervals, a starter wakes up and listens for a beacon, regardless of whether a beacon is transmitted during that interval or not. The starter operates in a low power sleep mode during the majority of the interval. The master can transmit during the beacon slot time of any interval, but typically only transmits frequently enough to maintain starter synchronization. If the master wishes to communicate with the starters with reduced latency, then the master can transmit a beacon in the next interval. Beacon slot time is varied within the interval (for example, from interval to interval or from group of intervals to group of intervals) in a pseudo-random time-hopping fashion known to both the starters and the master, thereby reducing persistence of collisions with similar networks.

Abstract: A system and associated method is provided for improved rejection of an interfering signal coupled from a transmission antenna into a local receive antenna in the presence of local multipath. A system of the invention includes a common feedback junction, (i.e., a single sampling point used by all parameter matching control loops), for adjusting a number of distortion matching circuits while advantageously maintaining independence of tuning and other independent circuit actions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided that include providing transmit diversity for data channel transmissions. Different precoding vectors can be used over different slots of a given subframes to precode corresponding signals. The precoding vectors, in one example, can be orthogonal. In addition, using the different precoding vectors can be determined based on a user equipment receiving an indicator from a base station receiving the data channel transmissions of whether to use frequency hopping over the slots. Moreover, precoding vectors used to precode data channel transmissions can additionally or alternatively vary across subframes.

Abstract: There is an apparatus and technique for generating a sequence of modulated waveforms of finite duration in which the difference in start time of each waveform is shorter than the waveform's overall duration and each waveform in the sequence has independent data modulation imparted upon it. The apparatus consists of a bank of memory cells arranged in an N×M configuration with associated control circuitry, along with an arrangement scheme for the data in the N×M memory cells such that the waveforms will be correctly reproduced when the memory cells are addressed by the control circuitry in the prescribed order.

Abstract: A communications system is described in which user devices communicate with an associated base station. The user devices employ frequency hopping techniques to provide frequency diversity in their communications with the base station. Techniques are described for reducing collisions between the communications from the different user devices and for the efficient signalling of data defining the frequency hopping sequence to use. The inventions are particularly suitable for use in the uplink of the E-UTRA communications scheme.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system wherein communication devices exchange information utilizing data units that conform to a first format, wherein the first format includes a short training field (STF) spread with a first spread code and a first cover code, a method is for generating a physical layer (PHY) data unit that conforms to a second format, wherein the PHY data unit is for transmitting PHY information. A first portion of the PHY data unit is generated to indicate the PHY data unit conforms to the second format, wherein the first portion of the PHY data unit includes an STF spread with at least one of a second spread code different than the first spread code or a second cover code different than the first cover code. A second portion of the PHY data unit is generated according to the second format, wherein the second portion of the PHY data unit includes PHY information elements not specified by the first format.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for capturing cosmic background radiation and for converting cosmic background radiation into electricity. An antenna is configured so as to capture cosmic background radiation. An electrostatic electron multiplier is connected to the antenna. A high voltage power supply is connected to the electrostatic electron multiplier whereby cosmic background radiation is converted to electricity.

Abstract: This document is related to a wireless communication system, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for transmitting encoded signals with frequency hopping environment. A method of transmitting signals by a user equipment (UE) comprises: encoding an input signal having a length of (A) bits by using (A) basis sequences having a length of 20 bits to output an encoded signal having a length of 20 bits, wherein (A) is a natural number less than 14; mapping the encoded signal having the length of 20 bits to two different resource regions, wherein the first 10 bits of the encoded signal are mapped to a first resource region, and the second 10 bits of the encoded signal are mapped to a second resource region; and transmitting the resource-mapped signals to a Node B, wherein the encoded signal or the (A) basis sequences are cyclic shifted with a value of (x) before mapping the encoded signal to the two different resource regions, wherein (x) is a natural number less than 20.

Abstract: A control unit sends a plurality of request messages to the I/O units. The I/O units send a plurality of response messages to the control unit. The request messages and response messages are sent using radio-frequency signals. The I/O units expect to receive a request message within defined first time intervals, and the control unit expects to receive at least one response message within defined second time intervals. The control unit and the I/O units maintain a selected transmission frequency for as long as the request messages and response messages are received within the defined time intervals. The control unit and the I/O units change the transmission frequencies according to a defined pattern if no expected message is received within the defined time intervals.

Abstract: To improve the reliability of channel estimation, data symbols at determined positions of the transmitted data stream are replaced by quasi-pilot symbols. The quasi-pilot symbols carry data modulated onto the carrier with a different modulation scheme than the original symbols. The modulation scheme for the quasi-pilot symbols has a lower amplitude and/or phase ambiguity than the modulation scheme for the original data symbol.

Abstract: A transmission method for transmitting modulation signals of a plurality of channels to the same frequency band from a plurality of antennas. At the time when a symbol used for demodulation is inserted in a channel, in another channel symbol, the same phase and quadrature signals in the in-phase-quadrature plane are made to be zero signals. Thus, a plurality of modulation signals are multiplexed and transmitted and the transmitted multiplexed modulation signals are demultiplexed and demodulated at a reception apparatus, thereby improving the data transmission rate.

Abstract: A fast frequency-hopping transceiver comprises a RF-unit arranged on a first chip, a base-band unit on a second chip, a bidirectional operable data and control interface arranged between said first and said second chip having at least one data line for data communication, at least one control line for controlling the data communication and at least one clock line for providing a clock signal, memory means implemented within said RF-unit containing all the required chip settings which are specific to a certain frequency of received and/or transmitted data being part of the intended hopping sequence. The transceiver also includes control means for programming said memory means during an initialization phase during a set-up of a communication link of said data communication.

Abstract: A communication device includes a CPU, a wireless LAN communication controller, and a digital cordless communication controller. The wireless LAN communication controller is capable of communicating wirelessly with the access point according to a data communication method. The digital cordless communication controller is also capable of communicating wirelessly with the handset according to a voice communication method. The CPU sets a first frequency band used for wireless communications by the wireless LAN communication controller. The CPU sets a second frequency band used for wireless communications by the digital cordless communication controller. When another communication device interferes with wireless communications between the communication device and the handset, the communication device changes this interference from the other communication device to interference received from wireless communications with the access point by shifting the second frequency band to the first frequency band.

Abstract: Closed loop multiple-antenna wireless communications system with antenna weights determined by maximizing a composite channel signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio minimum. Multiplexed symbol streams over subsets of antennas enhance throughout.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adjustable transmit diversity (adjustable PSTD) are provided. A base station transmits information to a mobile station over two antennas. Using information received from the mobile station related to channel conditions, the base station can adjust a frequency offset between the information transmitted over the two antennas.

Abstract: Multiple transmit antenna transmission together with preferably pseudo-random, antenna-specific, scrambling (PRAS) is utilized to scramble incoming data differently on different antennas for those users requiring frequency diversity type transmissions. When PRAS is activated for a particular allocation, each transmit antenna applies a different scrambling sequence to the data symbols that are transmitted in the allocation.

Abstract: A system and method for encoding data for transmission over a telecommunications network. The system and method involve embedding a control data block (Ik0) within a plurality of real data blocks (IN0). Preferably, real data in the real data blocks (INO) is convoluted with at least some of the control data in the control data block (Ik0) For example, each entry in each real data block (INO) may be phase convoluted with phase angle of the corresponding entry in the control block using an encoding module. Once this is done, the real data in the real data blocks and additionally the control data block in the control block is modulated with every sub carrier.

Abstract: Provided is a radio communication device which can suppress inter-code interference between an ACK/NACK signal and a CQI signal which are code-multiplexed. In this device, a diffusion unit (214) diffuses the ACK/NACK signal inputted from a judgment unit (208) by using a ZC sequence. A diffusion unit (219) diffuses the CQI signal by using a cyclic shift ZC sequence. By using a Walsh sequence, a diffusion unit (216) further diffuses the ACK/NACK signal which has been diffused by using the ZC sequence. A control unit (209) controls the diffusion unit (214), the diffusion unit (216), and the diffusion unit (219) so that the minimum value of the difference between the CQI signals from a plurality of mobile stations and a cyclic shift amount of the ACK/NACK signal is not smaller than the minimum value of the difference between the cyclic shift amounts of the ACK/NACK signals from the plurality of mobile stations.

Abstract: A radio transmission apparatus that uses a plurality of band groups and that transmits a signal subjected to frequency hopping between a plurality of bands in each band group at a local frequency apart from the center frequency of each band includes a local frequency generating unit that generates a local frequency lower than the center frequency of each band in a first band group in the transmission with the first band group. The local frequency generating unit generates a local frequency higher than the center frequency of each band in a second band group in the transmission with the second band group, the local frequency to be generated being the same as the local frequency generated in the transmission with the first band group.

Abstract: In a communication system including a plurality of pairs of a transmitting device 2 and a receiving device 3, the transmission performance in the pairs is to be improved. The transmitting device 2-k transmits a transmission signal sk(t) to the receiving device 3-k a plurality of number of times. The receiving device 3-k updates the weight matrix Wk and the hopping pattern Pk used by the FIR filter which performs filtering on the transmission signal rk(t) at a predetermined time interval. The receiving device 3-k transmits the updated hopping pattern Pk to the transmitting device 2-k. The transmitting device 2-k receives the hopping pattern Pk to be used for subsequent spread spectrum.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing wireless devices includes establishing a recurring sequence of frequency channels at which the wireless devices are to communicate. The frequency channels are divided into a plurality of groups. Synchronization information is transmitted at a respective first frequency channel in each of the groups of frequency channels during a first sampling time period. One of the groups of frequency channels is selected. A wireless device is used to sample each of the frequency channels in the selected group during the first sampling time period. Non-synchronization information is transmitted after the first sampling time period. Synchronization information is transmitted at a next respective frequency channel in each of the groups of frequency channels during a next sampling time period. The next sampling time period occurs after the transmitting of the non-synchronization information.

Abstract: Techniques for efficiently designing random hopping patterns in a communications system are disclosed. The disclosed embodiments provide for methods and systems for generating random hopping patterns, updating the patterns frequently, generating different patterns for different cells/sectors, and generating patterns of nearby sub-carriers for block hopping.