Abstract: A (decoded) picture may be split into subpictures/tiles. Information on the subpictures may be obtained by a decoding device, and a decoding procedure may be performed on the basis of the information on the subpictures. In addition, information on the tiles may be obtained by a decoding device, and a decoding procedure may be performed on the basis of the information on the tiles. According to embodiments of the present document, subpicture-related information and tile-related information can be efficiently signaled, and an in-loop filtering procedure can be performed on the basis of the subpicture-related information.

Abstract: A method includes providing an ensemble of distributed sensors, delivering radio frequency (RF) power to each sensor by inductive near-field coupling by a magnetic field projected by an epidermal transmit (Tx) coil, in each individual sensor, detecting a sparse binary event in its immediate environment, reporting the detected sparse binary event to an external RF receiver hub asynchronously and with low latency, and minimizing error rates due to statistical data packet collisions in asynchronous telemetry by digitally encoding each sensor according to a particular address scheme where each address is one function from an infinite set of mathematically orthogonal functions, enabling a simultaneous detection from up to ten thousand points without interference at a common receiver.

Abstract: A method for data transmission inside a rail-bound traffic system has of a plurality of field elements, in which the data transmission takes place via a flexible wireless transmission path between a sender field element and a control unit along available field elements. A data transmission system is for application of the method and a rail-bound traffic system having such a data transmission system. Furthermore, there is use of communication units on field elements of a rail-bound traffic system to form the data transmission system.

Abstract: In order to improve communication in a radio access network, a base station 100 includes: a first communication processing unit 141 configured to communicate with a terminal apparatus 400A; and a second communication processing unit 143 configured to receive, from base stations 200 and 300 respectively communicating with terminal apparatuses 400B and 400C, radio resource time length information for specifying a time length of a radio resource for the terminal apparatuses 400B and 400C, and hopping pattern information for specifying a frequency hopping pattern for the terminal apparatuses 400B and 400C. The first communication processing unit 141 is configured to determine the frequency hopping pattern for the terminal apparatus 400A, based on the radio resource time length information and the hopping pattern information, and communicate with the terminal apparatus 400A in accordance with the determined frequency hopping pattern.

Abstract: Wireless communications systems and methods related to performing paging operations in a shared radio frequency band (e.g., in a shared spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum) with an improved paging reliability. A first user equipment (UE) determines a frequency hopping pattern for a paging occasion window (POW) in a plurality of frequency subbands within a shared radio frequency band. The first UE monitors for a paging message from a base station (BS) in the POW, where the monitoring includes hopping from at least a first frequency subband of the plurality of frequency subbands to a second frequency subband of the plurality of frequency subbands based on the frequency hopping pattern.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for narrowband communications using frequency hopping. In some implementations, a user equipment (UE) may receive a discovery reference signal (DRS) including a skipping signal identifying one or more UEs, may stay on an anchor channel when the skipping signal identifies the UE, and may switch from the anchor channel to a first downlink (DL) hopping channel of a DL frequency hopping pattern when the signal does not identify the UE. In some other implementations, a base station (BS) may be configured to output a DRS including a skipping signal identifying one or more UEs, output a signal indicating a channel occupancy time (COT) obtained on a first DL hopping channel of a DL frequency hopping pattern, and output DL data on the first DL hopping channel of the DL frequency hopping pattern.

Abstract: A wireless communication terminal apparatus wherein COMP communication can normally be performed without increasing the overhead of an upstream line control channel. In this apparatus, a spreading unit primarily spreads a response signal by use of a ZAC sequence established by a control unit. A spreading unit secondarily spreads the response signal, to which CP has been added, by use of a block-wise spread code sequence established by the control unit. The control unit controls, in accordance with sequence numbers and a hopping pattern established therein, the circular shift amount of the ZAC sequence to be used for the primary spread in the spreading unit and the block-wise spread code sequence to be used for the secondary spread in the spreading unit. The hopping pattern established in the control unit is a hopping pattern common to a plurality of base stations that CoMP-receive the response signal.

Abstract: A user apparatus for use in a mobile communication system that supports D2D communication, including: a signal transmission unit configured to transmit a plurality of D2D signals; and a resource selection unit configured to select, from a predetermined resource pool, a radio resource having a time resource and a frequency resource for transmitting the plurality of D2D signals, wherein the resource selection unit is configured to select the radio resource such that the plurality of D2D signals are not transmitted by a same time resource.

Abstract: Proposed is a controller for a participant of a communication system, wherein the communication system wirelessly communicates in a frequency band that is used for communication by a plurality of communication systems, wherein the controller is configured to identify a channel access pattern, wherein the channel access pattern indicates a frequency hop-based and/or time hop-based occupancy of the frequency band that is usable for the communication of the communication system, wherein the controller is configured to identify the channel access pattern as a function of individual information of the communication system and as a function of a state of a numerical sequence generator for generating a numerical sequence or a number of a numerical sequence.

Abstract: Provided is an antenna apparatus including: a signal splitter configured to generate a second signal including N equal-phase signals by splitting a first signal received from a signal source; a signal source virtual beam adjustor configured to generate a third signal including N signals by shifting a phase of each signal included in the second signal; a transmission beam adjustor configured to generate a fourth signal including N signals by shifting a phase of each signal included in the third signal by 0 degree or 180 degrees; and a transmitter including N transmission antennas transmitting respectively transmitting the N signals included in the fourth signal.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments can provide a system and method for controlling irrigation schedules for a sprinkler system for at least one irrigation zone. The embodiments include automatically updating irrigation schedules based at least in part on watering restriction data from a water authority, such as a water utility authority, and water usage data for a property including the at least one irrigation zone.

Abstract: According to an image coding method according to embodiments of the present document, information related to in-loop filtering may be efficiently signaled, and repetitive procedures for signaling subpicture-related information may be reduced.

Abstract: Systems and methods for supporting more flexible coverage areas and spatial capacity assignments using satellite communications systems are disclosed. A hub-spoke, bent-pipe satellite communications system includes: terminals; gateways; a controller for specifying data for controlling satellite operations in accordance with a frame definition including timeslots for a frame and defining an allocation of capacity between forward and return traffic; and a satellite including: pathways; at least one LNA, an output of which is for coupling to a pathway and to amplify uplink beam signals in accordance with the allocation; and at least one HPA, an input of which is for coupling to the pathway and to amplify downlink beam signals in accordance with the allocation, and wherein the frame definition specifies at least one pathway as a forward pathway for at least one timeslot and as a return pathway for at least one other timeslot in the frame.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive, from a base station, a control message identifying a frequency hop configuration that configures the UE to use frequency hopping when transmitting repetitions of an uplink control channel transmission. The UE, the base station, or both may determine, based on the UE being configured with the frequency hop configuration, a frequency hop for each repetition of the uplink control channel transmission. Each frequency hop may be determined based on a corresponding uplink control channel index for a respective repetition a frequency hop for each repetition of the uplink control channel transmission. The uplink control channel index may be an uplink transmission occasion index, or a repetition index. The UE may transmit the repetitions of the uplink control channel transmission using respective frequency hops in accordance with the determination and the frequency hop configuration.

Abstract: Modulated signal A is transmitted from a first antenna, and modulated signal B is transmitted from a second antenna. As modulated signal B, modulated symbols S2(i) and S2(i+1) obtained from different data are transmitted at time i and time i+1 respectively. In contrast, as modulated signal A, modulated symbols S1(i) and S1(i)? obtained by changing the signal point arrangement of the same data are transmitted at time i and time i+1 respectively. As a result the reception quality can be changed intentionally at time i and time i+1, and therefore using the demodulation result of modulated signal A of a time when the reception quality is good enables both modulated signals A and B to be demodulated with good error rate performances.

Abstract: A terminal device (200) is provided for a sensor (S) and/or actuator (A) of an industrial machine, wherein the terminal device (200) comprises at least one communication module (C) and an antenna (A), and wherein the terminal device (200) is set up to determine an initial transmission power as a function of a previously determined relative position of the terminal device (200) to at least one master unit and/or as a function of a previously determined estimated value for the transmission power, and to transmit a radio signal with the determined initial transmission power via an uplink radio channel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to communication methods and communications apparatus. In one example communication method, a first terminal determines a start time unit of a resource period, and transmits communication data in the resource period, where communication data is transmitted in the start time unit and the communication data is retransmitted in another time unit of the resource period. Then the first terminal sends transmission sequence number indication information and time domain transmission resource indication information to a second terminal that performs direct communication with the first terminal.

Abstract: A system for calibrating conformal ESAs includes a rotating platform (positioner) or multiple test probes, or both. Measurements are taken with different radiating elements at different azimuthal angles to the test probes and compared to a known profile to compute correction coefficients for angel and gain for each radiating element. Each radiating element is operated at full power and across a wide frequency spectrum to acquire measurements including coupling and allow calibration to be based on group delay over the frequency spectrum rather than phase delay.

Abstract: A user apparatus for use in a mobile communication system that supports D2D communication, including: a signal transmission unit configured to transmit a plurality of D2D signals; and a resource selection unit configured to select, from a predetermined resource pool, a radio resource having a time resource and a frequency resource for transmitting the plurality of D2D signals, wherein the resource selection unit is configured to select the radio resource such that the plurality of D2D signals are not transmitted by a same time resource.

Abstract: A NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device can find a connection to an NB-IoT cell by searching for an available NB-IoT carrier. An available NB-IoT carrier can be found by scanning through frequencies associated with a plurality of channel numbers on a predefined NB-IoT channel list, the plurality of channel numbers being associated with a plurality of NB-IoT carriers offered by one or more base stations. The NB-IoT carriers are frequency bands within a larger spectrum band associated with a telecommunications provider. The NB-IoT device can camp on a particular NB-IoT carrier when the particular NB-IoT carrier has an available physical resource block (PRB).

Abstract: A terminal device is equipped with: a sequence determination unit that determines a sequence number with a different pattern than the assignment pattern for the sequence number assigned to the cell in which the host device resides; a reference signal generation unit that generates a reference signal for a sequence group corresponding to the sequence number that has been determined; and a wireless transmission unit that transmits the reference signal that has been generated to a base station. The sequence determination unit employs a configuration whereby, with the sequence number assigned to the cell in which the host device resides as a cell-specific sequence number, a dynamic offset which periodically changes over time and for which the same value is not consecutive is added to the cell-specific sequence number, thereby determining a sequence number which never overlaps with the cell-specific sequence number.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are wireless devices operable at intermediate wireless at ranges of thousands of meters, utilizing packets that include a preamble and a data payload. Devices may be such things as keypads, door latches, occupancy monitors, sprinkler controllers and other devices needing a communications link. A digital spread-spectrum frequency hopping rotation is used, wherein packet transmissions rotate through frequency sequences. A spectrum-impact-smoothed channel set is fashioned using sequences that each specify a unique preamble frequency relative to the other sequences and channels. The set is traversed as packets are transmitted, thereby distributing the focused radio-frequency emission impact of packets having long preambles over time. Traversal of the set is by way of time slots relative to a point of synchronization in a first packet.

Abstract: A method and a device are described for determining data from a signal spread over at least one frequency base band representing the data. The method for generating a signal has a step of using at least one highly auto-correlated spread code sequence (1C, 2C) associated with the frequency base band for determining a delay with which a modulated portion (1P, 2P) of the data is spread on the signal. The method has further steps of determining said modulated portion from the signal using the delay and the spread code sequence (1C, 2C), of demodulating the modulated portion (1P, 2P) using phase shift keying, and of determining a remainder (1R, 2R) of the data using the delay.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are wireless devices operable at intermediate wireless at ranges of thousands of meters, utilizing packets that include a preamble and a data payload. Devices may be such things as keypads, door latches, occupancy monitors, sprinkler controllers and other devices needing a communications link. A digital spread-spectrum frequency hopping rotation is used, wherein packet transmissions rotate through frequency sequences. A spectrum-impact-smoothed channel set is fashioned using sequences that each specify a unique preamble frequency relative to the other sequences and channels. The set is traversed as packets are transmitted, thereby distributing the focused radio-frequency emission impact of packets having long preambles over time. Channel directives are issued in stream packets, and acknowledgments to channel directives are made using a time-conserving abbreviated format.

Abstract: Techniques for mitigating interference in a wireless communication system are described. In an aspect, pertinent transmission parameters for a served UE may be sent to at least one interfered UE to support interference mitigation. In one design, information for at least one transmission parameter for a data transmission sent by a first cell to a first UE may be transmitted to at least one UE served by a second cell to enable the at least one UE to perform interference mitigation for the data transmission sent by the first cell to the first UE. The information may be transmitted by either the first cell or the second cell. In another aspect, a cell may send transmission parameters for a UE via a pilot. In yet another aspect, scrambling may be performed by a cell at symbol level to enable an interfered UE to distinguish between modulation symbols of desired and interfering transmissions.

Abstract: Techniques for mitigating interference in a wireless communication system are described. In an aspect, pertinent transmission parameters for a served UE may be sent to at least one interfered UE to support interference mitigation. In one design, information for at least one transmission parameter for a data transmission sent by a first cell to a first UE may be transmitted to at least one UE served by a second cell to enable the at least one UE to perform interference mitigation for the data transmission sent by the first cell to the first UE. The information may be transmitted by either the first cell or the second cell. In another aspect, a cell may send transmission parameters for a UE via a pilot. In yet another aspect, scrambling may be performed by a cell at symbol level to enable an interfered UE to distinguish between modulation symbols of desired and interfering transmissions.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) may receive a first downlink signal, including a resource assignment having a first indication of a first resource of a plurality of resources and a number of resources of the plurality of resources in a sequence. The downlink signal may include a second indication as to applying the resource assignment to a single time interval or plurality of time intervals, which the UE may determine. The UE may receive a second downlink signal in the first time interval in the first resource and in the number of consecutive resources in the sequence on a condition that the resource assignment is for a single time interval, and a second downlink signal in each of the plurality of time intervals in the first resource and in the number of consecutive resources in the sequence on a condition that the resource assignment is for the plurality of time intervals.

Abstract: A method for modulating data for transmission within a communication system. The method includes establishing a time-frequency shifting matrix of dimension N×N, wherein N is greater than one. The method further includes combining the time-frequency shifting matrix with a data frame to provide an intermediate data frame. A transformed data matrix is provided by permuting elements of the intermediate data frame. A modulated signal is generated in accordance with elements of the transformed data matrix.

Abstract: A system for transmitting or receiving signals may include an integrated circuit (IC), a transducer operatively coupled to the IC for converting between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals; and insulating material that fixes the locations of the transducer and IC in spaced relationship relative to each other. The system may further include a lead frame providing external connections to conductors on the IC. An electromagnetic-energy directing assembly may be mounted relative to the transducer for directing electromagnetic energy in a region including the transducer and in a direction away from the IC. The directing assembly may include the lead frame, a printed circuit board ground plane, or external conductive elements spaced from the transducer. In a receiver, a signal-detector circuit may be responsive to a monitor signal representative of a received first radio-frequency electrical signal for generating a control signal that enables or disables an output from the receiver.

Abstract: A system for transmitting or receiving signals may include an integrated circuit (IC), a transducer operatively coupled to the IC for converting between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals; and insulating material that fixes the locations of the transducer and IC in spaced relationship relative to each other. The system may further include a lead frame providing external connections to conductors on the IC. An electromagnetic-energy directing assembly may be mounted relative to the transducer for directing electromagnetic energy in a region including the transducer and in a direction away from the IC. The directing assembly may include the lead frame, a printed circuit board ground plane, or external conductive elements spaced from the transducer. In a receiver, a signal-detector circuit may be responsive to a monitor signal representative of a received first radio-frequency electrical signal for generating a control signal that enables or disables an output from the receiver.

Abstract: In a vehicle system, an inter-vehicle distance between vehicles is controlled by periodically reporting vehicle statuses from a plurality of vehicles to a ground controller and also periodically sending travelling instructions to the plurality of vehicles from the ground controller. Each vehicle stops when detecting failed reception of an instruction from the ground controller and reporting a vehicle status including information that the vehicle has stopped to the ground controller, and the ground controller based on the report received from the stopped vehicle sends a travelling instruction to the stopped vehicle, and based on the report received from the stopped vehicle, also sends a travelling instruction to a vehicle that follows the stopped vehicle so as to avoid interference with the stopped vehicle.

Abstract: Techniques for mitigating interference in a wireless communication system are described. In an aspect, pertinent transmission parameters for a served UE may be sent to at least one interfered UE to support interference mitigation. In one design, information for at least one transmission parameter for a data transmission sent by a first cell to a first UE may be transmitted to at least one UE served by a second cell to enable the at least one UE to perform interference mitigation for the data transmission sent by the first cell to the first UE. The information may be transmitted by either the first cell or the second cell. In another aspect, a cell may send transmission parameters for a UE via a pilot. In yet another aspect, scrambling may be performed by a cell at symbol level to enable an interfered UE to distinguish between modulation symbols of desired and interfering transmissions.

Abstract: A symbol modulation system applicable to a body area network is disclosed herein. The symbol modulation system includes a symbol mapper. The symbol mapper is configured to determine a time within a predetermined symbol transmission interval at which a transmission representative of the symbol will occur. The time is determined based on a value of a symbol and a value of a time-hopping sequence. The time is selected from a plurality of symbol value based time slots, and a plurality of time-hopping sequence sub-time-slots within each symbol value based time slot. The symbol mapper is configured to generate a single guard interval within the symbol transmission interval. The single guard interval is positioned to terminate the symbol transmission interval.

Abstract: A method for modulating data for transmission within a communication system. The method includes establishing a time-frequency shifting matrix of dimension N×N, wherein N is greater than one. The method further includes combining the time-frequency shifting matrix with a data frame to provide an intermediate data frame. A transformed data matrix is provided by permuting elements of the intermediate data frame. A modulated signal is generated in accordance with elements of the transformed data matrix.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of synchronizing pulsed wireless communication between a first transceiver and a second transceiver. It includes the steps of transmitting a pulse signal from a first transceiver to a second transceiver; transmitting a reflection signal from the second transceiver to the first transceiver if the transmitted pulse signal is received at the second transceiver within an active reception period of the second transceiver; and detecting the reflection pulse to determine synchronization between the first transceiver and the second transceiver. Embodiments of the invention also relate to an apparatus for carrying out the method. In one embodiment, the reflection signal is generated by a super-regenerative oscillator.

Abstract: A method includes generating multiple copies of a signal that comprises a plurality of time division multiple access frames. The multiple copies of the signal includes a first copy and one or more other copies of the signal. Each of the one or more other copies of the signal having a respective fixed delay and a respective phase relative to the first copy of the signal. The method also includes transmitting the multiple copies of the signal using hopping carrier frequencies. The hopping carrier frequencies associated with a consecutive pair of the plurality of time division multiple access frames are separated by an odd multiple of a separation value representing a frequency separation between two adjacent carrier signals. The respective fixed delay is proportional to the separation value for each of the one or more other copies of the signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems to modulate and demodulate first and second path bits within sequences of pulses, where each pulse represents first and second path bits and is position-modulated and phase-modulated based on binary values of the corresponding bits, with no more than 1 phase change per N pulses. Position-modulation may be based on first-path bits. Phase-modulation may be based on second-path bits. A modulator first path has an input data rate Q times that of a second path. The first may include an N-bit encoder. The second path may include a Q-bit encoder and an N-bit repetition encoder. A demodulator includes a first path to determine first path bit values based on pulse coordinates integrated over N frames, and a second path to determine second path bit values based on further integration over Q frames.

Abstract: The present invention provides an IR-UWB data transmission encoding/decoding method and module. The encoding method comprises: in each unit time period lasting T seconds, receiving an N-bit of binary data of an M-bit binary data stream and generating UWB impulse radio signal having a specific frequency fi, determining and generating an amplitude value Ax of the UWB impulse radio signal having the specific frequency fi according to the remaining M-N bits binary data, and finally transmitting the UWB impulse radio signal having the specific frequency fi and the amplitude value. The decoding method corresponds to the encoding method. According to the present invention, the data transmission rate can be increased by four times compared with the conventional data transmission rate without increasing the circuit complexity, which is useful and attractive to the IR-UWB system.

Abstract: The present invention provides an IR-UWB data transmission encoding/decoding method and module. The encoding method comprises: in each unit time period lasting T seconds, receiving an N-bit of binary data of an M-bit binary data stream and generating UWB impulse radio signal having a specific frequency fi, determining and generating an amplitude value Ax of the UWB impulse radio signal having the specific frequency fi according to the remaining M-N bits binary data, and finally transmitting the UWB impulse radio signal having the specific frequency fi and the amplitude value. The decoding method corresponds to the encoding method. According to the present invention, the data transmission rate can be increased by four times compared with the conventional data transmission rate without increasing the circuit complexity, which is useful and attractive to the IR-UWB system.

Abstract: A method for communication includes transmitting a first uplink message from a first remote node (200, 300, 400) to a central node (100) in a wireless communication system according to a first frequency hopping scheme, and transmitting a second uplink message from a second remote node to the central node in the wireless communication system according to a second frequency hopping scheme, different from the first scheme. Both the first and the second uplink messages are received and processed at the central node.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for managing message communications in systems employing frequency hopping. One method according to the invention involves transmitting a message via a frequency of a frequency hopping sequence, and determining when the same frequency will reoccur in the frequency hopping sequence. Relevant portions of the device enter a sleep mode, and the device emerges from the sleep mode when the frequency at which the message was transmitted reoccurs in the frequency hopping sequence. The device monitors for a response to the message via the frequency at which the message was transmitted when the frequency reoccurs in the frequency hopping sequence.

Abstract: A method for performing uplink transmission in a time domain transmission unit includes receiving, from a base station, hopping-mode information indicating whether a frequency hopping is an inter-slot hopping or an inter-subframe hopping and performing the uplink transmission using a resource block in the time domain transmission unit.

Abstract: A symbol modulation system applicable to a body area network is disclosed herein. The symbol modulation system includes a symbol mapper. The symbol mapper is configured to determine a time within a predetermined symbol transmission interval at which a transmission representative of the symbol will occur. The time is determined based on a value of a symbol and a value of a time-hopping sequence. The time is selected from a plurality of symbol value based time slots, and a plurality of time-hopping sequence sub-time-slots within each symbol value based time slot. The symbol mapper is configured to generate a single guard interval within the symbol transmission interval. The single guard interval is positioned to terminate the symbol transmission interval.

Abstract: System and method are disclosed for synchronization of a transmitting device and a receiving device that communicate with each other via pulse modulation. The synchronization technique entails the transmitting device sending one or more quasi-periodic pulse sequences to the receiving device. A quasi-periodic pulse sequence is based on a substantially periodic pulse sequence, and may include some non-periodic pulses or not include some periodic pulses. The transmitting device may transmit frames each including a preamble that comprises one or more quasi-periodic pulse sequences, and a data payload that may comprise data. The receiving device receives the signal, generates samples of the signal, and detects the quasi-periodic pulse sequences in the received signal by analyzing samples based on a sample associated with a pulse and the period associated with the substantially periodic pulse sequence.

Abstract: A method for modulating data for transmission within a communication system. The method includes establishing a time-frequency shifting matrix of dimension N×N, wherein N is greater than one. The method further includes combining the time-frequency shifting matrix with a data frame to provide an intermediate data frame. A transformed data matrix is provided by permuting elements of the intermediate data frame. A modulated signal is generated in accordance with elements of the transformed data matrix.

Abstract: A symbol modulation system applicable to a body area network is disclosed herein. The symbol modulation system includes a symbol mapper. The symbol mapper is configured to determine a time within a predetermined symbol transmission interval at which a transmission representative of the symbol will occur. The time is determined based on a value of a symbol and a value of a time-hopping sequence. The time is selected from a plurality of symbol value based time slots, and a plurality of time-hopping sequence sub-time-slots within each symbol value based time slot. The symbol mapper is configured to generate a single guard interval within the symbol transmission interval. The single guard interval is positioned to terminate the symbol transmission interval.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus (receiver) of receiving and processing a radio signal in a transmitter-receiver environment. The radio signals are transmitted across a wireless interface using Ultra Wideband (UWB) pulses. A transmitted reference approach is utilized. The radio signal include pairs of UWB pulses with each pair of pulses separated by a fixed time delay. The two pulses are then combined to provide for improved noise immunity.

Abstract: A data source sends a synchronization signal and information to several data sinks that use the synchronization signal and a specified parameter to determine when to process the information. The data source and data sinks may comprise wireless nodes such as, for example, a wireless audio source that sends multi-channel data to a pair of wireless earpieces. The wireless earpieces use the synchronization signal and a latency interval to determine the appropriate time to output audio based on the audio channels.

Abstract: A symbol modulation system applicable to a body area network is disclosed herein. The symbol modulation system includes a symbol mapper. The symbol mapper is configured to determine a time within a predetermined symbol transmission interval at which a transmission representative of the symbol will occur. The time is determined based on a value of a symbol and a value of a time-hopping sequence. The time is selected from a plurality of symbol value based time slots, and a plurality of time-hopping sequence sub-time-slots within each symbol value based time slot. The symbol mapper is configured to generate a single guard interval within the symbol transmission interval. The single guard interval is positioned to terminate the symbol transmission interval.

Abstract: A symbol modulation system applicable to a body area network is disclosed herein. The symbol modulation system includes a symbol mapper. The symbol mapper is configured to determine a time within a predetermined symbol transmission interval at which a transmission representative of the symbol will occur. The time is determined based on a value of a symbol and a value of a time-hopping sequence. The time is selected from a plurality of symbol value based time slots, and a plurality of time-hopping sequence sub-time-slots within each symbol value based time slot. The symbol mapper is configured to generate a single guard interval within the symbol transmission interval. The single guard interval is positioned to terminate the symbol transmission interval.