Abstract: A network or system in which a hub or primary node may communicate with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing dynamic, prioritized spectrum utilization management. The system includes at least one monitoring sensor, at least one data analysis engine, at least one application, a semantic engine, a programmable rules and policy editor, a tip and cue server, and/or a control panel. The tip and cue server is operable utilize the environmental awareness from the data processed by the at least one data analysis engine in combination with additional information to create actionable data.

Abstract: This application provides a data sending method and apparatus. The method includes: A node generates a first modulation symbol corresponding to a first modulation scheme. The node quantizes the first modulation symbol to obtain a target symbol. The target symbol corresponds to one of a plurality of constellation points of a second modulation scheme. The node preprocesses the target symbol to obtain to-be-sent data. The preprocessing includes one or more of layer mapping, antenna port mapping, precoding, or transform precoding. The node maps the to-be-sent data to a physical resource, and sends the to-be-sent data by using the physical resource.

Abstract: Numerous embodiments of a hybrid memory system are disclosed. The hybrid memory can store weight data in an array in analog form when used in an analog neural memory system or in digital form when used in a digital neural memory system. Input circuitry and output circuitry are capable of supporting both forms of weight data.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a light source, a spatial light modulator, a Fourier transform optical system, a photodetector, and a control unit. The control unit sets a first region and a second region on a modulation plane, acquires a light intensity value by setting a light amplitude modulation pattern in the first region and setting a light amplitude modulation in the second region to a non-zero predetermined value, acquires the light intensity value by setting the light amplitude modulation pattern in the first region and setting the light amplitude modulation in the second region to zero, acquires the light intensity value by setting the light amplitude modulation in the first region to zero and setting the light amplitude modulation in the second region to the predetermined value, and acquires a complex amplitude image of a region of an object corresponding to the first region.

Abstract: A system comprising an audio compression device is provided. The audio compression device receives a plurality of pulse code modulated (PCM) samples, performs a quantization of the plurality of the PCM samples, and determines a plurality of time windows for the plurality of quantized PCM samples. The audio compression device further determines a first number of delta bits and a first sample count for a first time window of a plurality of time windows, where the first time window includes a first group of time-domain consecutive samples according to the first sample count. The audio compression device encodes the sample into the first number of delta bits based on a difference from a previous sample to generate a first stream of delta bits, and encodes the first sample count and the first number of delta bits in a corresponding first header for the first time window.

Abstract: Devices and method for selecting voltage sources. A wireless device can include a transceiver configured to process radio-frequency signals, an antenna in communication with the transceiver configured to facilitate transmission of an amplified radio-frequency signal, and a voltage regulator. The wireless device can also include a voltage selection module. The voltage selection module may include an analog voltage input. The voltage selection module may also include a digital based voltage input. The voltage selection module further includes a control component coupled to the analog voltage input and the digital based voltage input, the control component configured to determine whether to use a first voltage received from the analog voltage input or a second voltage received from the digital based voltage input to generate an output voltage.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may perform online spur detection and mitigation scheme. The UE may identify spurs during operation, in real time, and apply cancelation and noise equalization to address identified spurs. The UE may apply a high pass filter to reference signals. During a symbol, the UE may apply the high pass filter by estimating the channel on one or more neighbor tones (e.g., tones of higher frequency and tones of lower frequency that also carry reference symbols). Because the UE may assume that a channel will generally be smooth, and that noise may vary slowly or steadily across frequency resources, the UE may compare the channel noise of a particular tone to an average or normalized channel noise of the one or more neighbor tones.

Abstract: A device for performing wireless communication at least one processor configured to generate a condition signal based on at least one parameter associated with the device or the wireless communication, and select at least one of a plurality of signal processing algorithms for performing at least one of a plurality of signal processing functions based on the condition signal, each of the plurality of signal processing functions being associated with the wireless communication.

Abstract: A transducer system has 1) a MEMS transducer configured to produce an analog output signal in response to an incident acoustic signal, and 2) a modulator apparatus. The modulator apparatus includes an analog modulator configured to receive the analog output signal and produce a first digital signal as a function of the analog output signal. In addition, the modulator apparatus also has a digital converter configured to receive the first digital signal and produce a second digital signal as a function of the first digital signal. The analog modulator has an analog order while, in a corresponding manner, the digital converter has a digital order. Preferably, the digital order is higher than the analog order.

Abstract: A signal generator with direct digital synthesis and tacking filter to generate an oscillator signal. A digital signal generator generates a digital signal; a digital to analog converter is connected to an output of the digital signal generator and converts the digital signal to an analog signal; a filter is coupled to an output of the DAC and filters the analog signal and generates the oscillator signal; a comparator is coupled to an output of the filter and generates a signal indicating zero crossings of the filter output signal; a digital control unit is coupled to outputs of the digital signal generator and comparator and generates a control signal to tune the filter to track a center frequency of the generated oscillator signal. The control signal is generated based on adjacent samples values from the digital signal generator before and after zero crossings of the filter output signal.

Abstract: A radio-frequency module includes a switch performing switching of the connection between a common terminal and a selection terminal, a reception filter having a reception band in a band A as a passband, a transmission filter that has a transmission band in a band B as a passband and has an output terminal connected to the selection terminal, a filter that has the transmission band in a band B as an attenuation band and has an input terminal connected to the selection terminal, a reception path which connects the selection terminal and an input terminal of the reception filter and on which the filter is disposed, a bypass path which connects the selection terminal and the input terminal of the reception filter and on which no filter is disposed, and a transmission path which connects the selection terminal and a transmission terminal and on which the transmission filter is disposed.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) transceiver includes a reference signal source to generate a reference signal, a local RF source to generate a local RF signal and a mixed-signal phase/frequency detector to compare the reference signal to the local RF signal, and to generate a difference signal from the comparison, wherein the difference signal comprises a modulation component and an error component. The transceiver also includes a receiver front end to receive and downconverts an angle-modulated RF signal to a baseband signal, a quadrature modulator configured to angle-modulate the reference signal source with the baseband signal.

Abstract: A remote radio unit is for a base transceiver station. The remote radio unit includes: a noise generator configured to provide a RF noise signal having predefined statistical properties; a communication interface configured to transmit the RF noise signal as a stimulus signal over a radio-over-fiber uplink channel between the remote radio unit and a central unit of the base transceiver station for determining a pre-distortion of a target signal to be transmitted by the remote radio unit. The communication interface is further configured to receive the pre-distorted target signal over a ROF downlink channel between the remote radio unit and the central unit of the base transceiver station. The remote radio unit also has an antenna for transmitting the pre-distorted target signal received by the communication interface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for transmitting data in a video signal. The systems may perform the methods to generate a data frame, wherein the data frame may include at least a frame header and frame data, the frame header may include at least one autocorrelation and cross-correlation sequence; insert the data frame into an area of a video signal, wherein the inserted area of the video signal is not an area of line and field synchronization or an area of effective video; transmit the video signal having the data frame to another device.

Abstract: Portable communication device and method for mitigating interference. One example portable communication device includes a frequency-modulated (FM) communication subsystem, a cellular communication subsystem, a first electronic processor, and a second electronic processor. The FM communication subsystem includes an FM modem and at least one FM antenna. The cellular communication subsystem includes a plurality of cellular antennas, a plurality of antenna tuners, and a cellular modem. The first electronic processor is configured to generate an alert signal responsive to detecting one of an audio signal reception by the FM communication subsystem and an audio signal transmission by the FM communication subsystem. The second electronic processor is configured to receive the alert signal from the first electronic processor. The second electronic processor is also configured to responsively cause the cellular communication subsystem to set substantially constant impedances for the plurality of cellular antennas.

Abstract: A method and a system for image reconstruction are provided. The method may include acquiring raw image data, wherein the raw image data may include a plurality of frequency domain undersampled image data samples. The method may include generating a first reconstruction result based on the raw image data using a first reconstruction method, and generating a second reconstruction result based on the raw image data using a second reconstruction method. The method may further include fusing the first reconstruction result and the second reconstruction result, and generating a reconstructed image based on a result of the fusion.

Abstract: The presence of an OFDM signal in a received input signal is detected by calculating, for each block of a plurality of blocks of samples of the received input signal, an auto-correlation value at each of a plurality of lags-of-interest; determining, for each of the plurality of lags-of-interest, a rate of growth value across a group of two or more blocks of data samples based on the auto-correlation values; normalising the determined rate of growth values using a normalisation factor to generate normalised rate of growth values; and determining whether an OFDM signal is present in the received input signal based on the normalised rate of growth values.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for matching an impedance of a process chamber with an impedance of an RF power source. In some embodiments, a method comprises dynamically matching a load impedance of the process chamber with an impedance matching circuit coupled between an RF power source and the process chamber, the impedance matching circuit configured to compensate for changes in the load impedance to match an impedance of the RF power source over a wide range of load impedances; filtering power feeding back from the process chamber with a first filter positioned between the matching circuit and the process chamber, the first filter configured as a wide bandpass filter; and filtering residual signals with a second filter positioned between the matching circuit and the RF power source, the second filter configured as a low pass filter.

Abstract: A traffic information system includes a server-based media automation system configured to access a traffic system to provide mobile user access to traffic through the server-based media automation system. The system further includes a traffic data source configured to provide traffic data to the server-based media automation system and a traffic message server receiving traffic messages from the traffic data source, combining the traffic messages into a traffic frame using bounding area information. The system further includes a station importer receiving the traffic frame and creating separate streams for a plurality of high definition channels packaged and multiplexed with media data into high definition radio signals for transmission by a broadcast system and wherein the traffic frame excludes traffic messages associated with a primary bounding area and at least one sub-bounding area located within the primary bounding area based on road classifications.

Abstract: A method for stack timing adjustment for serial communications is provided. The method includes receiving a USB communication, decoding the USB communication into UART frames, and adjusting the timing of the UART frames according to a serial protocol.

Abstract: An automatic gain control circuit controls a gain of a wireless receiver in accordance with an amplitude of a reception signal. The automatic gain control circuit includes a reference level calculator, a register, a reference level adjuster, and a bit width conversion circuit. The reference level calculator calculates a reference level on the basis of the amplitude of the reception signal. The register stores an adjustment value. The reference level adjuster adjusts the reference level on the basis of the adjustment value stored in the register. The bit width conversion circuit performs a bit width conversion for the entire amplitude direction by changing a bit pitch for determining discrete data values of the reception signal, on the basis of the adjusted reference level.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) for selecting a cell using a synchronization signal (SS) in a wireless communication network. The UE comprises determining subcarrier spacing based on an operating frequency band, receiving, from a base station (BS), a signal block comprising a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a broadcasting signal conveyed on a physical broadcasting channel (PBCH), decoding a block index from the signal block, and determining OFDM symbol indices corresponding to the block index, wherein the OFDM symbol indices are determined by a mapping pattern based corresponding to the subcarrier spacing, and wherein the mapping pattern comprises a plurality of bursts each of which includes a set of consecutive OFDM symbols.

Abstract: A mobile terminal and a system with a multichannel transceiver are provided. The mobile terminal includes a central processing unit and a multichannel transceiver. The central processing unit outputs first and second transmitted signals to a first transmitter module and a second transmitter module. The first and second transmitted signals are filtered, frequency-converted, amplified, and transmitted to corresponding transmitting channels. First and second received signals received by a plurality of receiving channels are amplified and then transmitted to a first receiver module and a second receiver module, respectively, and the first and second received signals are frequency-converted, filtered, and output to the central processing unit.

Abstract: The present invention is designed to improve spectral efficiency in a radio communication system which can use non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Steps are provided in which a radio base station configures one of a plurality of transmission mode including a first transmission mode, which groups a plurality of transmission methods including a transmission method to employ non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and multiple-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO), and a second transmission mode, which groups a plurality of transmission methods including a transmission method to employ this NOMA and open-loop transmit diversity, and transmits a downlink signal for this user terminal based on the configured transmission mode.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present application is a method for a terminal reporting a precoding matrix index to a base station in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of: estimating a channel with the base station; on the basis of the estimated channel, selecting a first precoding matrix from a first codebook; on the basis of the estimated channel, selecting a second precoding matrix from a second codebook comprising only precoding matrixes which do not include the first precoding matrix; and reporting, to the base station, at least one among the index of the first precoding matrix and the index of the second precoding matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of mapping a demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS) transmitted to a terminal by a base station in a wireless communication system based on multiple antennas. Specifically, the method includes grouping a plurality of DM-RS ports into antenna port groups including a predefined number of DM-RS ports, mapping a DM-RS sequence to two symbol resources of a first slot and two symbol resources of a second slot on one subcarrier, and transmitting the mapped DM-RS sequence to the terminal through the plurality of DM-RS ports, wherein a DM-RS sequence transmitted through DM-RS ports included in the same antenna port group is mapped by applying an orthogonal cover code (OCC) having a length of 2 to the same symbol resource, and the two symbol resources of the first slot correspond to a first antenna port group and the two symbol resources of the second slot correspond to a second antenna port group on the one subcarrier.

Abstract: A method for receiving a PDCH is provided. The method comprises: receiving, by a UE, information identifying a plurality of resource elements that are transmitted with zero power in a resource block containing the PDCH; receiving, by the UE, a first DMRS on a first DMRS port transmitted from a first cell; and receiving, by the UE, the PDCH that is transmitted on the first DMRS port.

Abstract: A semiconductor die includes at least one flexible interface block. The flexible interface block includes at least one interconnect, and at least one buffer coupled to the at least one interconnect. The flexible interface block further includes a routing interface coupled to circuitry integrated in the semiconductor die, and a controller coupled to provide communication between the routing interface and the at least one buffer.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and methods for determining a structure or process parameter value of a target of interest on a semiconductor wafer. A plurality of collection patterns are defined for a spatial light beam controller positioned at a pupil image plane of a metrology tool. For each collection pattern, a signal is collected from a sensor of the metrology tool, and each collected signal represents a combination of a plurality of signals that the spatial light beam controller samples, using each collection pattern, from a pupil image of the target of interest. The collection patterns are selected so that the pupil image is reconstructable based on the collection patterns and their corresponding collection signals. The collected signal for each of the collection patterns is analyzed to determine a structure or process parameter value for the target of interest.

Abstract: A method and system for analysis and evaluation of branding of commercial products embedded in entertainment programming. The entertainment programming may be divided into blocks that are compared to several rule sets defining audio visual and other attributes of the commercial products to evaluate parameters such as recall of the product by viewers.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided that permit interoperability between Radio over Internet Protocol (RoIP) devices and land mobile radio (LMR) devices. In one device according to the invention, a networked radio includes a wireless network transceiver, an LMR signal connector, and an analog-to-digital converter/digital-to-analog converter (ADC/DAC). A computer processor that inputs data from or outputs data to the ADC/DAC includes a sound architecture and a server. The server includes a digital audio buffer, a voice-activity detector, and a daemon. The daemon is configured to (1) collect data on one or more variables affecting a best-choice determination for transmitting a communications signal intended for retransmission to one or more LMR devices, and (2) make the best-choice determination based on the data collected.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for performance test. The method includes: configuring a static channel between a transmitting end and a receiving end in a system configured with M transmitting antenna ports and N receiving antennas, wherein singular values of a N*M channel matrix of the static channel are equal, wherein, M=4 and N=4; or M=8 and N=4; or M=8 and N=8. The transmitting end transmits data to the receiving end by the static channel. When the M=4 and the N=4, the N*M channel matrix is a 4×4 channel matrix as follows: [ 1 j 1 j 1 - j 1 - j 1 j - 1 - j 1 - j - 1 j ] ; or a matrix obtained after any row swap or column swap operation is performed on [ 1 j 1 j 1 - j 1 - j 1 j - 1 - j 1 - j - 1 j ] .

Abstract: Techniques to detect echoes using audio fingerprinting are described. In one embodiment, an apparatus may comprise a streaming component operative to establish a audio connection between the first client device and a second client device; and receive a far-end audio stream at the first client device from the second client device via the audio connection; an audio capture component operative capture a near-end audio stream at the first client device; and an echo processing component operative to compare the near-end audio stream and the far-end audio stream to determine whether a far-end audio segment is present in the near-end audio stream; and use an echo-cancellation module at the first client device where the far-end audio segment is present in the near-end audio stream. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Provided are a receiver, a transmitter and a radio communication method capable of using non-orthogonal multiple access while suppressing cost increase and processing delay. A mobile station 200A receives non-orthogonal signals, also receives a reference signal to be used for interference cancellation, and extracts the non-orthogonal signal addressed to the mobile station 200A from the received non-orthogonal signals by demodulating and cancelling the radio signal addressed to another mobile station. In addition, the mobile station 200A demodulates the extracted non-orthogonal signal addressed to the mobile station 200A on the basis of the reference signal. The reference signal is multiplexed in the same radio resource block as a resource block allocated to the non-orthogonal signals, and is multiplexed in the radio resource block only when at least one signal is scheduled in the radio resource block.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for secure bi-directional message routing between services running on a different nodes in a computer cluster. According to some embodiments, a multi-tenant computer cluster is accessed online via a controller. The controller, acting as central management system, may establish secure independent connections with each of the many nodes. Messages from the controller to any given node, and vice versa, are wrapped in a routing envelope and transferred over an independent and secure virtual private network tunnel. This allows the plurality of nodes to be centrally managed and utilized as a cluster while not being allowed to communicate with each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for performance test. The method includes: configuring a static channel between a transmitting end and a receiving end in a system configured with M transmitting antenna ports and N receiving antennas, wherein singular values of a N*M channel matrix of the static channel are equal, wherein, M=4 and N=4; or M=8 and N=4; or M=8 and N=8. The transmitting end transmits data to the receiving end by the static channel. The abovementioned technical solution can implement the performance test in 4 or 8 receiving antennas, and it can implement CQI reporting precision performance test of static channel in 4 or 8 receiving antennas.

Abstract: Disclosed are a compressive sensing system based on a personalized basis and a method thereof; first a sensing end senses an original signal and transmits the original signal to a reconstruction end; the reconstruction end generates a personalized basis by means of a dictionary learning method; next, the sensing end is made to sample the original signal according to a sampling matrix to generate a compressed signal and transmit the compressed signal to the reconstruction end, so that the reconstruction end executes a compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm according to the personalized basis and the compressed signal to recover the compressed signal into the original signal, thereby achieving an effect of improving signal recovering quality and a compression ratio.

Abstract: Various examples of methods and systems are provided for compressive imaging using approximate message passing with denoising. According to an aspect, a method includes applying an approximate message passing (AMP) conversion framework to a plurality of substantially linear measurements for conversion into a plurality of scalar measurements. A denoiser algorithm can be applied to the plurality of scalar measurements to generate a plurality of denoised scalar measurements. Further, a conversion term can be applied to the plurality of denoised scalar measurements for converting the plurality of denoised scalar measurements to a plurality of denoised substantially linear measurements. The plurality of substantially linear measurements can represent two-dimensional or three-dimensional signals.

Abstract: The emitter is intended to provide a contactless communication channel (particularly RFID/NFC) in miniature build space. The emitter has an oblong, at least partially ferrite core (1), the core (1) is winded up by a wire (4) with at least two threads (2), the threads (2) are on the core (1) placed tightly next to each other and the effective width (w)of one thread (2) corresponds to the radius of the core (1) in the circular core (1) cross-section, or corresponds to the equivalent radius in other shapes of the core (1) with deviation up to +?75%. The wire (4) of the coil is flat, or the coil includes several wires held parallel to each other (41 to 4N) forming a multi-stage thread. The emitter can be placed in the removable memory card (5) and/or on the PCB board (10) and/or SIM card (9) and/or battery (11). Modulation of data transmitted by the emitter uses electromagnetic wave generator with a frequency different from the receiver, difference of these frequencies corresponds to the subcarrier frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and methods for determining a structure or process parameter value of a target of interest on a semiconductor wafer. A plurality of collection patterns are defined for a spatial light beam controller positioned at a pupil image plane of a metrology tool. For each collection pattern, a signal is collected from a sensor of the metrology tool, and each collected signal represents a combination of a plurality of signals that the spatial light beam controller samples, using each collection pattern, from a pupil image of the target of interest. The collection patterns are selected so that the pupil image is reconstructable based on the collection patterns and their corresponding collection signals. The collected signal for each of the collection patterns is analyzed to determine a structure or process parameter value for the target of interest.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a receiver includes a voltage controlled oscillator, a frequency-to-digital converter and an input sensitivity controller. In the voltage controlled oscillator, input sensitivity relative to a baseband signal is controlled based on an input sensitivity control signal. The voltage controlled oscillator oscillates at a frequency controlled by a voltage of the baseband signal to generate an oscillation signal. The frequency-to-digital converter performs frequency-to-digital conversion of the oscillation signal to generate a digital signal. The input sensitivity controller generates the input sensitivity control signal based on the digital signal.

Abstract: An audio read-out device comprises an audio signal generator, a first information receiver, a first information transmitter, a first controller, and a mixed audio signal generator, and when the first information receiver receives audio output enablement information indicating that audio output is disabled, the first controller causes the mixed audio signal generator to generate a mixed audio signal composed of a broadcast audio signal and causes the first information transmitter to transmit the mixed audio signal until the first information receiver receives audio output enablement information indicating that audio output is enabled; and when the first information receiver receives audio output enablement information indicating that audio output is enabled, the first controller causes the mixed audio signal generator to generate a mixed audio signal obtained by mixing a read-out audio signal and a broadcast audio signal, and causes the first information transmitter to transmit the mixed audio signal.

Abstract: A single-photon or ultra-weak light multi-D imaging spectral system and method. In order to realize rough time resolution, a time-resolved single-photon counting 2D imaging system for forming color or grey imaging is provided. Moreover, in order to realize high-precision time resolution, the system comprises a light source, an imaging spectral measurement unit, an electric detection unit, a system control unit and an algorithm unit. The light carrying information of an object is imaged on a spatial light modulator and randomly modulated according to compressed sensing theory, emergent light of a grating is collected using a point or array single-photon detector, the number of photons and photon arrival time are recorded, and reconstruction is carried out using the compressed sensing algorithm and related algorithm of the spectral imaging. The system provides single-photon detection sensitivity, high time resolution and wide spectral range, and can be applied in numerous new high-tech industries.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for power control in a wireless communication involves establishing at least two orthogonal sub-channels within a channel for communication and controlling transmitted power in each sub-channel independently.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a method and apparatus for correlation canceller for interference mitigation with adaptive DC offset cancellation for a dual mode communication device includes detecting an active signal transmitting in one mode; configuring integrators associated with the adaptive correlation canceller into gain amplifiers; detecting DC offset utilizing the gain amplifiers and comparators; and configuring the integrators from the gain amplifiers back to integrators with the DC offset applied thereto. The active signal transmitting in one mode can be Long Term Evolution (LTE) which is adjacent to a signal in another mode.

Abstract: An electronic device may be configurable to operate in a scrambling mode and a non-scrambling mode while processing chat audio and microphone audio for a first player participating in an online multiplayer game via a game console. While operating in the non-scrambling mode, the electronic device may be configured to transmit the microphone audio to the game console without scrambling the microphone audio. While operating in the scrambling mode, the electronic device may be configured to scramble the microphone audio and transmit the scrambled microphone audio to the game console. The electronic device may be operable to select a scrambling key used to scramble the microphone audio based on a signal received by the electronic device that indicates a role of the player in the online multiplayer game. The role of the player may correspond to which of two or more opposing teams the first player is a member of in the online multiplayer game.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for power control in a wireless communication involves establishing at least two orthogonal sub-channels within a channel for communication and controlling transmitted power in each sub-channel independently.

Abstract: Provided is an audio encoding method. The audio encoding method includes: acquiring envelopes based on a predetermined sub-band for an audio spectrum; quantizing the envelopes based on the predetermined sub-band; and obtaining a difference value between quantized envelopes for adjacent sub-bands and lossless encoding a difference value of a current sub-band by using a difference value of a previous sub-band as a context. Accordingly, the number of bits required to encode envelope information of an audio spectrum may be reduced in a limited bit range, thereby increasing the number of bits required to encode an actual spectral component.

Abstract: A wireless communication system is provided for reducing the probability that latency before data transmission increases when a mobile station that is actually in sync is judged to be out of sync. A base station causes the timing calculation part to calculate the timing advance (TA) of a transmit timing from the mth mobile station; causes the timer adaptive control part to obtain the traveling speed or the time variation in TA of the mth mobile station and, adaptively determines and outputs as the timer update information the length of the mth first timer within an M number in total of synchronization timers and the length of the second timer of the mth mobile station and update the length of the mth first timer; and transmits from the downlink transmission part a downlink signal which contains timer update information.