Abstract: A baseband signal generator (102a) provides a polar signal (A, I p) to a processing sub-unit (704p). The processing sub-unit (704p) receives furthermore feedback signals from a down converting unit (704c) which feedback signals are used to determine the magnitude (B) of the amplified output signal and the actual error phase. The magnitude (A) of the polar signal and the determined magnitude (B) are applied to a comparator (710) having its output connected to the input of a predistortion unit (214, 216). The output of the predistortion unit (214, 216) is connected to the input of a pulse width modulating unit (210, 212) which comprises a mapping unit (210) outputting two constant magnitude signals. The actual error phase and the phase component of the polar signal are used to generate a corrected phase component which is applied to a further mapping unit (202) forming part of a phase modulating unit (202, 204).

Abstract: A switch-modulator for a radio-frequency power amplifier, arranged to modulate the I-signal and the Q-signal of the complex components (I+j·Q) separately in an I-signal part and a Q-signal part in order to create a modulated I-signal pulse sequence and a modulated Q-signal pulse sequence, wherein the modulation comprises a time-shift of the pulse positions within a sample interval.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus includes a baseband signal generator to generate digital data; a clock generator to generate 2N pulse signals corresponding to the digital data; a selector to select one of the 2N pulse signals; and a short pulse generator to reduce a pulse width of the signal selected by the selector, wherein the 2N pulse signals include a whole-period non-transmission pulse, a whole-period transmission pulse, and 2N-2 partial-period transmission pulses, when the partial-period transmission pulse is selected, a band pass filter outputs a signal that lasts for part of a period having a 1-symbol length, when the whole-period non-transmission pulse is selected, the band pass filter outputs a signal attenuated by offsetting signals corresponding to the whole-period non-transmission pulse, and when the whole-period transmission pulse is selected, the band pass filter outputs a signal that lasts for a whole of the period having the 1-symbol length.

Abstract: An impulse communication apparatus includes an impulse train generating part generating an impulse train from one modulated pulse by on-off keying, and an impulse train sending part sending the impulse train generated by the impulse train generating part.

Abstract: A novel receiver structure is proposed for detecting a time-hopping ultra-wide bandwidth signal in the presence of multiple access interference. The proposed structure achieves better bit error rate performance than the conventional matched receiver when operating in multiple access interference. When operating in a multiple access interference-plus-Gaussian-noise environment, the receiver structure outperforms the conventional matched filter receiver for moderate to large values of signal-to-noise ratio. A receiver structure with adaptive limiting threshold is further proposed to ensure the performance of the soft-limiting receiver always meets or surpasses the performance of the conventional UWB receiver for all values of signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A receiver of a wireless communication system and method thereof include antennas configured to receive data, wherein the data comprises a preamble, a header, and a payload. The receiver also includes a synchronizer configured to perform time synchronization of the data received through corresponding paths of each antenna using corresponding preambles of the data. The receiver includes a header detector configured to detect a header from the data of each of the paths. A surviving path selector in the receiver is configured to select a signal of a surviving path from among the paths based on the header or the preamble. The receiver also includes combiner configured to combine the signal existing in the surviving path to demodulate the payload.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for detecting and decoding adaptive equalization training frames (having a frame marker comprised of a string of binary ones and binary zeroes). Training frames are detected by shifting the received data; inserting at least one binary value at one end of the shifted received data to generate a modified version of the received data; applying a logic function to the received data and the modified version of the received data that identifies when corresponding bit positions have different values; and detecting the frame marker when an output of the logic function has a first binary value in an approximate middle of a string of a second binary value. The training frames are decoded using a distance between the approximate center of the frame maker and a predefined binary value in an output of the logic function.

Abstract: A communication device includes a communication circuit part, a transmission path for signals, a ground, a coupler electrode, and a resonance part. The coupler electrode includes an upper flat part as an electrode, a support, and a connecting portion. The support supports the upper flat part. Thus, the upper flat part faces the ground and is separately placed therefrom at a height only enough to ignore the wavelength of the signal, while having a flexible portion which is elastically deformable in the height direction. On the connecting portion, the other end of the support is connected to the transmission path. The resonance part enlarges a current flowing into the coupler electrode through the transmission path. A micro dipole is a line segment connecting between the center of accumulated electric charge in the coupler electrode and the center of mirror charge accumulated in the ground.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for constructing a pilot symbol for a communication frame transmitted in a wireless communication system, such as an OFDM system, are disclosed. In particular, the methods and apparatus generate at least one pseudo-random noise sequence having at least a predetermined length, where the at least one pseudo-random noise sequence represents a system configuration of a wireless system. A time domain symbol sequence is modulated with the at least one pseudo-random noise sequence to create a timing acquisition pilot symbol. The modulated acquisition pilot symbol is further masked to a prescribed frequency profile and placed in a frame for wireless transmission.

Abstract: A intrusion detection system includes a first sensor device having a first transmission circuit unit that transmits a modulation wave of a first transmission spectrum diffusion signal to a first transmission leakage transfer passage and a second sensor device having a second transmission circuit unit that transmits a modulation wave of a second transmission spectrum diffusion signal to a second transmission leakage transfer passage. The signal interval of the first transmission spectrum diffusion signal is the same as the signal interval of the second transmission spectrum diffusion signal. The first transmission spectrum diffusion signal and the second transmission spectrum diffusion signal are shifted in frequency so that the first transmission spectrum diffusion signal does not overlap with the second transmission spectrum diffusion signal.

Abstract: A transmission element having at least one input and at least one output is described, the transmission element delivering a functional relationship (t=F(R)) between the input quantity (R) applied to the input and the output quantity (t) that may be picked up at the output and the functional relationship (t=F(R)) being stored in a characteristics map, wherein the characteristics map comprises at least one segment having a lower limit (N(bi)) and an upper limit (N(b(i+1)), a function value (t_(i)=F(N(b_i))) being assigned to the lower limit (N(bi)) and a function value (t(i+1)=F(N(b(i+1))) being assigned to the upper limit (N(bi+1)), and the output quantity (t) being interpolated between the lower limit and the upper limit.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a carrier signal transmitted by a base station according to either a first data-transmission protocol or a second data-transmission protocol; detecting a first field gap in the carrier signal indicating initiation of a data transmission by the base station; and determining whether a reference duration is present in the carrier signal after the first field gap. The method includes, if the reference duration is present in the carrier signal after the first field gap then, according to the first data-transmission protocol, determining a calibration value for the data transmission based on the reference duration and decoding the data transmission by measuring durations between successive subsequent field gaps and determining whether each duration as measured is a binary 1 or binary 0 based on the calibration value.

Abstract: An electrosurgical system is disclosed. The electrosurgical system includes an electro surgical instrument configured to generate a first and second data streams and a transmission circuit configured to convert the first and second data streams into a pulsed transmission signal. The first signal property of the transmission signal is representative of the first data stream and the second signal property of the transmission signal is representative of the second data stream. The transmission circuit is further configured to process the transmission signal to decode the first signal property into the first data stream and the second signal property into the second data stream.

Abstract: A radio transmitter system responsive to a binary signal drives a narrow bandwidth VLF or LF antenna. A generator derives a first variable frequency wave frequency coded based on bit values of a binary signal. An arbitrary impulse response signal processor responsive to the first wave derives a first output signal having real and imaginary components representing the shape of a modulating wave having a variable amplitude envelope and the frequency of the coded values. A transmitter responsive to the processor output signal and a VLF or LF carrier supplies the antenna with another output signal including a modulation wave having a shape that is a substantial replica of the modulating wave shape. The processor causes the signal emitted by the antenna system to include modulation having a shape that is substantially the shape of the first wave.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for an electronically adjustable signal filter system, which comprises, in some embodiments, a first filter coupled to an antenna coupling network and a second filter, a power amplifier coupled to the first filter, an antenna connected to an antenna coupling network, a pilot tone generator coupled to the first filter, and a first signal source connected to the power amplifier and first filter. In some embodiments, the power amplifier amplifies the first signal, the first filter places a notch into the first signal transmitted to the antenna coupling network, the antenna coupling network combines the first signal and a second signal received from the antenna and transmits a third signal to the second filter.

Abstract: Provided are transmitter topology, receiver topology and methods for generating and transmitting a radio signal at a transmitter and detecting and processing a radio signal at a receiver. The radio signals are transmitted across a wireless interface using Ultra Wideband (UWB) pulses. A transmitted reference approach is utilized. The radio signal include pairs of UWB pulses with each pair of pulses separated by a fixed time delay. The two pulses are then combined to provide for improved noise immunity.

Abstract: An adaptive inductive ballast is provided with the capability to communicate with a remote device powered by the ballast. To improve the operation of the ballast, the ballast changes its operating characteristics based upon information received from the remote device. Further, the ballast may provide a path for the remote device to communicate with device other than the adaptive inductive ballast.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a modulating section configured to modulate a baseband signal by using a carrier wave; a determining section configured to determine a pattern of the carrier wave, in accordance with a characteristic of a transmission channel on which a waveform represented by a signal value of a specific symbol is stationarily distorted according to a value of a symbol transmitted before or after the specific symbol; and a transmitting section configured to transmit a modulation signal through the transmission channel, the modulation signal being obtained by modulation using the determined carrier-wave pattern.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, an integrated circuit comprises an encoding module, a modulation module and a spectral shaped module. The encoding module includes an interleaver that adapted to operate in a plurality of modes including a first mode, a second mod and a third mode. The interleaver performs repetitive encoding when placed in the second mode and even greater repetitive encoding when placed in the third mode.

Abstract: A communication apparatus according to the present invention comprises a transmitter for generating and transmitting a data signal where data is superposed as time length of a pulse interval, and a receiver for receiving the data signal. The transmitter and the receiver are connected through a single communication line. The receiver comprises: a receiver-side oscillator circuit for oscillating a reference pulse as a count reference of the data signal; a counter circuit for counting a pulse interval of the received data signal by converting it to a reference pulse number of the oscillator circuit; and a comparator circuit stores a first reference value therein, and judges data of the data signal by comparing the pulse interval of the data signal counted by the counter circuit with the first reference value.

Abstract: A radio transmission apparatus has a first duty adjustment circuit which changes a duty ratio of a clock signal, a second duty adjustment circuit which changes the duty ratio of the clock signal to a duty ratio different from the duty ratio of the clock signal changed by the first duty adjustment circuit, a first AND circuit which takes a logical product between a data signal and the clock signal having passed through the first duty adjustment circuit, and a second AND circuit which takes a logical product between an output signal of the first AND circuit and the clock signal having passed through inversion of the output of the second duty adjustment circuit to generate a pulse signal.

Abstract: An adaptive inductive ballast is provided with the capability to communicate with a remote device powered by the ballast. To improve the operation of the ballast, the ballast changes its operating characteristics based upon information received from the remote device. Further, the ballast may provide a path for the remote device to communicate with device other than the adaptive inductive ballast.

Abstract: Provided is a pulse shaping method. A time interval is predefined so as to shape a pulse used for a transmit pulse and a receive filter response, a parameter is generated by using a weight coefficient and a plurality of cosine functions that are multiplied and added to be output during the predetermined time interval, and 0 is output during another interval, thereby shaping the pulse. The weight coefficient is updated by using the normalized MSE so as to shape the pulse to be optimized for the predetermined time interval.

Abstract: A receiver (13) of user equipment, UE, (10) of a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, UMTS, network receives a digitally encoded radio signal over a downlink (11) from a base station (12). A Digital Signal Processor, DSP, (14) of the UE (10) estimates BER of data bits of power control commands received in the signal during an out of synchronisation procedure. More specifically, the DSP (14) samples the amplitude with which the data bits are received and determines a ratio of functions of one or more moments of the sampled amplitudes. The DSP (14) then compares the determined ratio to one or more values of BER for different ratios in a look-up table to estimate BER.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus are described to transmit a data signal from a power supply unit, over existing direct current (DC) power transmission lines, to a residential gateway which includes an infrared (IR) receiver designed to receive optical signals. In one embodiment, the IR receiver is configured to receive a carrier current communication signal from the power supply unit over a pair of copper wires coupled to the IR receiver. The carrier current communication signals may be encoded by a transmission encoding logic circuit using pulse position modulation techniques. The received carrier current communication signals may be demodulated and decoded to reproduce an input data stream.

Abstract: An apparatus receives data encoded in a format where information bits for transmission are mapped into symbols each carrying a plurality of bits, some of which are encoded through a pulse position modulation (PPM) format and the rest of which are encoded through an additional modulation format on at least one PPM pulse. The receiver detects the signal through a dual-polarization coherent receiver front-end, and recovers polarization components of the signal by decoding a first non-zero portion of a plurality of bits carried by a symbol based on slot position of at least one PPM pulse in the polarization components and a second non-zero portion of the plurality of bits carried by the symbol based on the additional modulation carried by at least one PPM pulse in the polarization components. Pilot-assisted single-carrier frequency-division equalization (PA-SC-FDE) may be used for reliable signal reception in the presence of severe PPM errors.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus, receiving apparatus and communication system are disclosed, and great improvement in an S/N ratio, preventing an actual throughput from decreasing, and preventing the number of circuits for synchronizing spread spectrum signals from increasing can be expected at the receiving apparatus side. The transmitting apparatus includes a pulse generating circuit, pulse repetition cycle determining circuit, peak power determining circuit, and modulator. The pulse generating circuit generates pulse strings, pulse repetition cycle determining circuit determines, based on a clock signal, a pulse repetition cycle of the pulse string generated by the pulse generating circuit. The peak power determining circuit determines a pulse peak power of the pulse string. The modulator modulates the pulse string with transmission data, and then generates a transmission signal.

Abstract: A variable delay circuit delays a carrier signal having a predetermined frequency, and outputs a modulated signal. A delay setting unit sets a delay period for the variable delay circuit according to a data signal to be modulated. The delay setting unit assigns each symbol in the data signal to any one of positive edges and negative edges in the carrier signal, and sets a delay period for the variable delay circuit at the timing at which a positive edge in the carrier signal passes through the variable delay circuit, according to the symbol value in the data signal assigned to the positive edge. Furthermore, the delay setting unit sets a delay period for the variable delay circuit at the timing at which a negative edge in the carrier signal passes through the variable delay circuit, according to the symbol value in the data signal assigned to the negative edge.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed that provide ultra-wideband frequency hopping spread spectrum (UWB-FHSS) solutions for transmit and receive architectures. These UWB-FHSS transmit and receive architectures can transmit signals over an extremely wide bandwidth while using a relatively slow analog-to-digital converter (ADC) without suffering from unacceptable performance degradation. For example, ADCs can be used having sample rates lower than standard Nyquist criteria would require for the bandwidth of the spread spectrum utilized.

Abstract: Various embodiments are disclosed relating to techniques to transmit data rate control signals for multicarrier wireless systems. According to an example embodiment, a wireless apparatus may be adapted to transmit at least a first data rate control (DRC) value via an in-phase channel and at least a second DRC value via a Quadrature-phase channel. The first DRC value may be associated with a first forward link carrier and the second DRC value may be associated with a second forward link carrier. In this manner, DRC values may be transmitted over both the I and Q channels, for example.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing a receiver to a received signal begins by down-converting the received signal to a first baseband signal. A coarse frequency offset (CFO) of the first baseband signal is determined and is applied to the down-converting of the received signal to a second baseband signal. A fine frequency offset (FFO) of the second baseband signal is determined. The receiver is synchronized to the received signal using the CFO and the FFO.

Abstract: A signal processing method for enhancing the dynamic range of a signal is disclosed. The method comprises: a) forming an attenuated signal from an input signal; b) filtering each of the input and the attenuated signals such that the sum of their bandwidths is less than or equal to the bandwidth of a transmission channel; c) modulating a first one of the filtered input signal and the filtered attenuated signal, whereby the filtered input signal and the filtered attenuated signal occupy respective non-overlapping frequency ranges within the bandwidth of the transmission channel; and d) combining the modulated signal with the second one of the filtered input signal and the filtered attenuated signal to form a composite output signal.

Abstract: A method of space time coding for UWB transmission system including a plurality of radiative elements, the method coding a block of information symbols S=(?1, ?2, . . . , ?P) belonging to a M-PPM-M?-PAM modulation alphabet, as a sequence of vectors obtained from elements of the matrix: C = ( ? 1 ? 2 … ? P ?? P ? 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 ?? 2 … ?? P ? 1 ) a row of the matrix corresponding to a use of the transmission channel and a column of the matrix corresponding to a radiative element, the matrix C being defined to within a permutation of its rows and/or its columns and ? being defined as the combination of a permutation (?) of the modulation positions of the M-PPM alphabet and a symmetry operation (?) of the M?-PAM modulation alphabet for one of the modulation positions (m±).

Abstract: An electrosurgical system is disclosed. The electrosurgical system includes an electrosurgical instrument configured to generate a first and second data streams and a transmission circuit configured to convert the first and second data streams into a pulsed transmission signal. The first signal property of the transmission signal is representative of the first data stream and the second signal property of the transmission signal is representative of the second data stream. The transmission circuit is further configured to process the transmission signal to decode the first signal property into the first data stream and the second signal property into the second data stream.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus groups a data bit sequence to groups each formed of a predetermined number of bits, modulates predetermined bits of one of groups through a frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation method, non-continuously aligns the FSK modulation signals, and transmits the non-continuous FSK modulation signals.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for decoding an audio signal. In one embodiment, a first pulse is identified with a predetermined relative duration with respect to a second pulse. A sampling frequency is then calculated based on such identification. In another embodiment, an audio signal is decoded utilizing a threshold. In still yet another embodiment, a decoder is provided for decoding an audio signal utilizing a clock that is independent of the audio signal.

Abstract: A network node, in particular, for a sensor network, is configured to receive sensor data from at least one further network node transmitting the sensor data. The network node has a time stamp device, which is configured to assign received sensor data values time stamps, which represent a time of reception of the sensor data values at the network node with respect to a primary time reference assigned to the network node.

Abstract: A preprocessing unit samples and digitalizes analog signal. A differential operation unit delays digitalized signal for a predetermined period and differentiates delayed signals. A correlation unit correlates differentiated signal with a plurality of predetermined PN code sequences. A setting unit includes a shift register having a plurality of storage locations for shifting the correlation values and sequentially storing shifted correlation values at the storage locations, respectively, a detector including the determination slots for detecting the storage location of the maximum value, and a slot setter for comparing the storage location of the maximum value from the detector with the predetermined reference storage location and shifting the determination slots by the difference therebetween. A demodulation value estimation unit estimates, as a demodulation value of the received analog signal, a symbol of a PN code sequence corresponding to the maximum value from the shifted determination slots.

Abstract: A receiver circuit is described. In the receiver circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) generates first samples of a data signal based on a first clock signal, and a clock-data-recovery (CDR) error-detection circuit generates second samples of the data signal based on a second clock signal. In addition, the CDR error-detection circuit estimates intersymbol interference (ISI) at a current sample in the second samples from an adjacent, subsequent sample in the second samples. Based on the second samples and the estimated ISI, a CDR circuit generates the first clock signal and the second clock signal, which involves modifying the skews of either or both of these clock signals so that the current sample is associated with a zero crossing of a pulse response of a communication channel from which the data signal was received, thereby reducing or eliminating the ISI from the adjacent, subsequent sample.

Abstract: A demodulation circuit, a digital microwave system including the demodulation circuit, and a signal demodulation method are provided. The demodulation circuit includes a first circuit, a second circuit, a third circuit, and a fourth circuit connected in turn. The fourth circuit includes a pulse counting unit and a data decision unit connected in turn. The signal demodulation method includes: performing bandpass filtering on input signals; increasing gains of the bandpass filtered signals; extracting pulse signals are extracted from the gain-increased signals; counting the extracted pulse signals; filtering the pulse signals having counting values falling outside of a predetermined range, and outputting the filtered pulse signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a space-time coding method for a UWB transmission system comprising at least two radiated elements. This method codes a block of information symbols S=(a1, a2 . . . , aP2)) belonging to a 2-PPM modulation or 2-PPM-M?-PAM composite modulation alphabet with M??2, into a sequence of vectors (sl,j,?si,j), the components of a vector being intended to modulate a UWB pulse signal for a radiative element of said system and for a given transmission interval (Tƒ).

Abstract: A method for wireless data transmission, in, for example, RFID systems, between a base station and a passive transponder, as well as a passive transponder is provided by inductive coupling, as well as a passive transponder. It is possible to transmit data from the base station to the transponder by a first data transmission protocol type and by at least one second data transmission protocol type, whereby the first or the at least second data transmission protocol type is selected by writing a configuration register in the transponder.

Abstract: A pulse transmission method for transmitting data by using pulse signals, each having a predetermined pulse width; defining a symbol time at least N times the predetermined pulse width, N being at least 2; defining a basic delay time calculated by dividing the predetermined pulse width by a predetermined integer; placing the pulse signals in the symbol time by delaying the pulse signals by an integral multiple of the basic delay time from start of the symbol time, the number of the pulse signals being k and 0?k?N being satisfied; and transmitting the pulse signals.

Abstract: A radio (102) in a sensor network and powered by electricity includes a data communicating unit (114) performing data communication; and a pulse interval demodulating unit (111) configured to (i) detect, from a signal (11c) with signals for corresponding frequency channels overlapped, a frequency channel indicated by a time interval between two pulses in a wake-up signal (1R) included in one of the frequency channels and (ii) cause the data communicating unit (114) to perform the data communication over the detected frequency channel.

Abstract: A multichannel digital pulse width modulator/digital pulse frequency modulator uses a single ring oscillator that is shared by multiple channels. The ring oscillator has taps that can be used for least significant bit (LSB) precision of the generated PWM signal. The ring oscillator also produces a ring clock that is used to synchronize logic in the channels. Since the logic in the channels are synchronized by the ring clock, the channels can each independently produce different frequency PWM (or PFM) signals and still share the same ring oscillator.

Abstract: A pulse transmitter having a relatively simple structure and generating a pulse modulating signal even at a high transmission rate. In the pulse transmitter, a symbol pulse generating part (103) generates a symbol pulse of amplitude level ? when data S1 is “0,” and that of amplitude level &ggr; when data S1 is “1” in the first pulse slot section, the data pulse generating part (104) generates a data pulse of amplitude level 0 when data S2 to Sn is “0,” and that of amplitude level ? when data S2 to Sn is “1” in a later pulse slot section. The relationship of the amplitude levels keep the relation ?<?<&ggr. An adder (105) adds the symbol pulse and the data pulse and outputs the sum as a pulse modulating signal.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a data word, according to which a codeword supply (CV) is provided, the number of individual codewords (C1 . . . C31) of the supply corresponding at least to the number of data positions (#1 . . . #31) of the data word (DW), the codewords being formed from a basic codeword (C1) by means of cyclical shifting, and the cross correlation function of each codeword (C2 . . . C31) with the basic codeword (C1) having a distinct extreme value, the position of which is characteristic of the individual codeword (C2). An individual codeword (C1) which is combined with the respective date (0) of the data position (#5) so as to obtain a combined result (VE5) relating to the individual data positions, is assigned to each data position (#1) of the data word (DW). The combined results (VE1 . . .

Abstract: In one embodiment a method includes, collecting in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) data representing energy detected by a radio in a frequency band, performing a fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the I/Q data resulting in a stream of FFT blocks, identifying using the stream of FFT blocks a pulse in the frequency band, recording in a radio events record (RER) a plurality of radio events and corresponding timestamps that are indicative, respectively, of a type and time of individual state changes in the radio during the collecting step, and, for example, using at least two of the radio events to identify, in the time domain, a beginning time and end time of the pulse detected in the stream of FFT blocks.

Abstract: Circuits and methods of dynamic modulation are disclosed. A dynamic modulator is used to reduce measurable conducted and/or radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI). The dynamic modulator is configured to generate either a set of optimal frequency modulation depths or discrete frequencies or both, and dynamically selects them to use over a series of programmable time durations (dwell time). Together with the utilization of Peak, Average or Quasi-Peak (QP) method of measurement, the dynamic modulator can reduce the spectral amplitude of EMI components, in particular the lower harmonics, to effectively pass regulatory requirements. In alternative embodiments, the dynamic modulator is used in a closed loop system to continuously adjust the frequency and the duty cycle of a PWM signal to reduce conducted and/or radiated EMI.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a communications system for communication between two remote terminals, where even at very long distances between these two terminals and/or at very small signal-to-noise ratios a robust communication is possible. The invention achieves the goal set before by suggesting an inventive pulse position modulation scheme and a corresponding optical communications system. The system and method according to the invention are very well suited for communication with a satellite in deep space, for instance.