Abstract: A method of decoding video data, including receiving an encoded block of luma samples for a first block of video data, decoding the encoded block of luma samples to create reconstructed luma samples, and predicting chroma samples for the first block of video data using the reconstructed luma samples for the first block of video data and two or more linear prediction models.

Abstract: A method comprising: encoding pictures into a bitstream, the bitstream comprising at least two scalability layers, pictures being associated with access units and pictures being associated individually with one of the at least two scalability layers; indicating in the bitstream inter-layer prediction dependencies, indicative of direct reference layers, if any, of a first scalability layer and indirect reference layers, if any, of the first scalability layer; selecting an earlier picture in decoding order as a basis for deriving picture order count (POC) related variables for a current picture based on a pre-defined algorithm, the current picture being associated with a current scalability layer, wherein the earlier picture is the closest preceding picture, in decoding order, to the current picture among a set of pictures that are associated with the current scalability layer or any direct or indirect reference layer of the current scalability layer.

Abstract: The present technology relates to an encoding apparatus and an encoding method as well as a decoding apparatus and a decoding method that make it possible to improve the compression efficiency. The encoding apparatus transmits reduction filter information that reduces tap coefficients for individual ones of a plurality of classes determined by learning that uses a student image equivalent to a first image obtained by addition of a residual of prediction encoding and a prediction image and a teacher image equivalent to an original image corresponding to the first image. The decoding apparatus accepts the reduction filter information and performs prediction arithmetic operation using tap coefficients obtained using the reduction filter information to perform a filter process for the first image to generate a second image. The present technology can be applied, for example, an encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus of an image.

Abstract: Provided is an image decoding method including: determining at least one prediction block included in a current picture from among pictures forming an image; determining a first motion vector related to a current prediction block from among the at least one prediction block; determining a first reference block included in a first reference picture, based on the first motion vector; determining a second reference block included in a second reference picture, based on a location of the first reference block; and decoding the current picture by performing inter prediction on the current prediction block by using at least one of the first reference block and the second reference block, wherein the second reference picture includes a prediction value of the first reference picture. Also, provided are an image decoding apparatus performing the image decoding method, and an image encoding method and apparatus corresponding to the image decoding method and apparatus.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide method and apparatus for video coding. In some examples, an apparatus includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry decodes a first portion of video data to obtain first decoded data corresponding to at least two pictures of a plurality of pictures. The processing circuitry identifies one or more pictures of the at least two pictures for decoding a second portion of the video data corresponding to a current picture. In a case that the one or more identified pictures includes two or more identified pictures, the processing circuitry selects a collocated reference picture based on one of (i) the POC numbers of the two or more identified pictures and the current picture, and (ii) a selection index provided in the video data. The processing circuitry also decodes the second portion of the video data using the collocated reference picture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intra-prediction method and to an encoder and decoder using same. The intra-prediction method according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: deriving a prediction mode of a current block; and generating a prediction block with respect to the current block on the basis of the prediction mode of the current block. When the prediction mode of the current block is an intra-angular prediction mode, values of boundary samples from among left boundary samples and upper boundary samples of the prediction block, which are not positioned in a prediction direction of the intra-angular prediction mode, are derived on the basis of reference samples positioned in the prediction direction of the intra-angular prediction mode, and on the basis of adjacent reference samples.

Abstract: An apparatus including a memory operably coupled to a processor. The processor is configured to select an intra smoothing filter for a rectangular prediction unit (PU) based on a lookup table (LUT) used for square PUs, wherein a width of the rectangular PU is different from a height of the rectangular PU.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and apparatus and a video decoding method and apparatus for producing a reconstructed video having a minimum error with respect to an original video. The video decoding method includes parsing an edge correction parameter from a bitstream, the edge correction parameter being used to correct a reconstructed pixel included in a current block, determining whether the reconstructed pixel is included in an edge region according to a first threshold value included in the edge correction parameter, determining whether the reconstructed pixel is to be corrected according to a second threshold value included in the edge correction parameter when the reconstructed pixel is included in the edge region, and compensating for a sample value of the reconstructed pixel according to a third threshold value included in the edge correction parameter when the reconstructed pixel is to be corrected.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect, a method for predictive Intra coding is provided. The method comprises: determining a set of Intra prediction modes used for prediction unit (PU) blocks with a plurality of different block sizes comprising a 4×4 block size and at least two other block sizes; applying predictive Intra coding to a first PU block having a first block size that matches a block size in the plurality of different block sizes based on one or more neighboring PU blocks according to a first Intra prediction mode selected from the set of Intra prediction modes; and applying predictive Intra coding to a second PU block having a second block size that is different from the first block size and matches a block size in the plurality of different block sizes according to a second Intra prediction mode selected from the set of Intra prediction modes.

Abstract: An apparatus for a video encoding process executes a difference process for calculating a difference value between corresponding pixels of a first reference block on a first encoded reference picture in a first direction and a second reference block on a second encoded reference picture in a second direction; executes a predictive process for generating a predictive block by calculating a pixel value of the predictive block in accordance with the bi-predictive mode for each pixel in which an absolute value of the difference value is less than a threshold value, and by calculating the pixel value of the predictive block based on a value of the corresponding pixel of one of the first reference block and the second reference block for each pixel in which the absolute value of the difference value is the threshold value or more.

Abstract: A method of decoding video data that includes receiving a current block of video data encoded using an intra prediction mode, determining residual video data for the current block of video data, determining reference samples of the current block of video data, determining filter coefficients for a bilateral filter based on a distance between the reference samples and neighboring reference samples and based on a sample value difference between the reference samples and the neighboring reference samples, applying the bilateral filter with the determined filter coefficients to the determined reference samples to produce filtered reference samples, generating a prediction block using the filtered reference samples, and adding samples of the prediction block to the determined residual video data to produce a decoded block of video data.

Abstract: A method for video decoding in a decoder includes deriving for a block encoded under an intra prediction mode, a candidate list that includes a first candidate intra prediction mode value (Mode1) that corresponds to an intra prediction mode of a neighbor block that neighbors the encoded block as a first one of the plurality of intra prediction modes, and a second candidate intra prediction mode value (Mode2) and a third candidate intra prediction mode value (Mode3) that are determined in accordance with a predetermined offset from the first candidate intra prediction mode value and a modulo M operation, in which M is a power of 2 and not equal to 32. The method further includes determining an intra prediction mode value for the encoded block in accordance with the derived candidate list.

Abstract: Methods and devices for video coding using intra-coding and removing redundant intra modes from a set of candidate intra modes. The methods may determine that at least some candidate intra modes generate candidate prediction blocks that are redundant and, based on that determination, eliminate said at least some of the candidate intra modes to reduce the set to a subset. In some cases, a candidate prediction block is redundant if it is less than a threshold different from another of the candidate prediction blocks identified by one of the candidate intra modes in the set. A function may be applied to the candidate prediction block and the another candidate prediction block to identify redundancy.

Abstract: A Resource Dependency Viewer for graphics processing unit (GPU) execution information is disclosed. The Resource Dependency Viewer provides profiling/debugging information concurrently with information about execution flow, resource utilization, execution statistics, and orphaned resources, among other things. A user-interactive graph (“dependency graph”) may be provided via a graphical user interface to allow interactive analysis of code executed on a GPU (e.g., graphics or compute code). Resource utilization and execution flow of encoders may be identified by analyzing contents of a GPU workload representative of a GPU execution trace to generate the dependency graph. Information about dependencies and execution statistics may be further analyzed using heuristics to identify potential problem areas. The dependency graph may include visual indicators of these problem areas.

Abstract: An imaging microscope (12) for generating an image of a sample (10) comprises a beam source (14) that emits a temporally coherent illumination beam (20), the illumination beam (20) including a plurality of rays that are directed at the sample (10); an image sensor (18) that converts an optical image into an array of electronic signals; and an imaging lens assembly (16) that receives rays from the beam source (14) that are transmitted through the sample (10) and forms an image on the image sensor (18). The imaging lens assembly (16) can further receive rays from the beam source (14) that are reflected off of the sample (10) and form a second image on the image sensor (18). The imaging lens assembly (16) receives the rays from the sample (10) and forms the image on the image sensor (18) without splitting and recombining the rays.

Abstract: A unit size of a to-be-processed unit corresponding to a first transform coefficient set is determined using division information. Then, a quantization regulation factor for the first transform coefficient set is determined according to a first preset algorithm and the unit size of the to-be-processed unit, and with the first preset algorithm, the quantization regulation factor decreases progressively with the size of the to-be-processed unit. Dequantization processing is performed on a transform coefficient in the first transform coefficient set according to a second preset algorithm using the quantization regulation factor. Therefore, a decoding device adaptively determines the quantization regulation factor for the first transform coefficient set according to the unit size of the to-be-processed unit, and then performs dequantization processing on the transform coefficient in the first transform coefficient set using the determined quantization regulation factor.

Abstract: A method for decoding a video signal includes obtaining block partition information of a current coding unit; deriving an intra prediction mode of a partition block based on the block partition information; and generating a prediction signal of the partition block based on the derived intra prediction mode, and the intra prediction mode of the partition block is defined by a limited number based on a prediction direction.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding video. The method of decoding video includes determining a type of an upper-layer data unit including a current coding unit in a hierarchical structure of a data unit; and obtaining, from a bitstream, intra-frame skip mode information of the current coding unit, according to the determined type of the upper-layer data unit, wherein, according to different types of the upper-layer data unit, the intra-frame skip mode information is expressed as code words having different lengths in the bitstream.

Abstract: An example device for decoding encoded video data includes storage media and processing circuitry. The storage media are configured a portion of the encoded video data. The processing circuitry is configured to determine a block-level threshold for the portion of the encoded video data stored to the storage media, to determine that an encoded block of the portion of the encoded video data has a size that is equal to or greater than the threshold, to receive a syntax element indicating that a portion of the encoded block is to be reconstructed using a coding tool, to determine, based on the encoded block having the size that is equal to or greater than the threshold, that the syntax element applies to all samples of a plurality of samples included in the encoded block, and to reconstruct the encoded block based on the coding tool.

Abstract: A video processing system includes a computing platform having a hardware processor and a memory storing a software code including a convolutional neural network (CNN). The hardware processor executes the software code to receive video data including a key video frame in color and a video sequence in gray scale, determine a first estimated colorization for each frame of the video sequence except the key video frame based on a colorization of a previous frame, and determine a second estimated colorization for each frame of the video sequence except the key video frame based on the key video frame in color. For each frame of the video sequence except the key video frame, the software code further blends the first estimated colorization with the second estimated colorization using a color fusion stage of the CNN to produce a colorized video sequence corresponding to the video sequence in gray scale.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for video coding are provided. The apparatus includes processing circuitry. Prediction information of a first block from a coded video bitstream is decoded by the processing circuitry. The first block is a non-square block and the prediction information of the first block is indicative of a first intra prediction direction mode in a first set of intra prediction direction modes that is associated with the non-square block. The first set of intra prediction direction modes includes a subset of a second set of intra prediction direction modes that is associated with a square block and at least one additional intra prediction direction mode that is different from the second set of intra prediction direction modes. At least one sample of the first block is subsequently reconstructed by the processing circuitry according to the first intra prediction direction mode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of using logical mode numbers during both prediction and coding in the bit stream, such as for high efficiency video coders (HEVC). These logical intra mode numbers are sorted based on angle which as a result leads to improved coding designs with fewer and smaller look-up tables, and a small gain in coding efficiency. Furthermore, by using this type of naming, the number of most probable modes (MPMs) can be readily extended since no additional tables are required. The use of three MPMs achieves a larger gain of 0.25% and 0.31% for the AI_HE and AI_LC cases, respectively.

Abstract: An encoder/decoder is described using enhanced signaling mechanisms SAO parameters. The various parameters are signaled in various ways according to different embodiments of the invention. In a first embodiment (embodiment A), SAO on/off is decoupled form SAO type coding, with SAO on/off flags being jointly encoded for all color components. The second embodiment (embodiment B), is similar to embodiment A, but modified for application to JCTVC-J0268. In a third embodiment separate signaling is provided for SAO on/off, SAO types BO and EO, and for BO and EO side information (classes or band position). Each of these enhanced SAO signaling mechanisms provide enhanced coding efficiency.

Abstract: A tile selection and bandwidth optimization scheme for effectuating optimized 360° immersive video viewing experience. Stream manifest files describing characteristics of tile groupings per frame for each tile-encoded bitstream corresponding to a particular one of a plurality of bitrate representations of a media input stream are retrieved. Each bitrate representation is encoded having a separate video quality that is related to a corresponding QP value used for the bitrate representation. Each frame of a tile-encoded bitstream comprises an array of tiles, with a plurality of frames forming a GOP structure of the tile-encoded bitstream.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for encoding/decoding an image and a device therefor. Specifically, a method whereby a decoding device decodes an image comprises: a step of parsing decoding order information for indicating the location of a next block to be decoded after a current block; and a step of determining the next block to be decoded after the current block, on the basis of the decoding order information, wherein the decoding order information indicates the relative location of the next block on the basis of the current block, and the next block can be selected as a block among predefined candidate blocks which can be decoded after the current block.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus includes a motion compensation coding unit for deciding a coding mode for coding a current block to be coded and for generating predictive image data based on the coding mode, and includes a direct mode enable/disable judgment unit for judging whether or not scaling processing can be performed when the coding mode decided by the motion compensation coding unit is a temporal direct mode. When it is judged that the scaling processing cannot be performed, the motion compensation coding unit performs motion compensation either by using another coding mode or without the scaling processing.

Abstract: A 3D ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system produces 3D display images at a 3D frame rate of display which is equal to the acquisition rate of a 3D image dataset. The volumetric region being imaged is sparsely sub-sampled by separated scanning beams. Spatial locations between the beams are filled in with interpolated values or interleaved with acquired data values from other 3D scanning intervals depending upon the existence of motion in the image field. A plurality of different beam scanning patterns are used, different ones of which have different spatial locations where beams are located and beams are omitted. In a preferred embodiment the determination of motion and the consequent decision to use interpolated or interleaved data for display is determined on a pixel-by pixel basis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intra prediction mode mapping method and a device using the method. The intra prediction mode includes: decoding flag information providing information regarding whether an intra prediction mode of a plurality of candidate intra prediction modes for the current block is the same as the intra prediction mode for the current block, and decoding a syntax component including information regarding the intra prediction mode for the current block in order to induce the intra prediction mode for the current block if the intra prediction mode from among the plurality of candidate intra prediction modes for the current block is not the same as the intra prediction mode for the current block. Thus, it is possible to increase the efficiency with which are images are decoded.

Abstract: A display has an array of pixel structures. Each pixel structure includes a plurality of electroluminescent elements. The array of pixel structures can be arranged on a substrate. One or more pixel structures selected from the array of pixel structures each include a microlens interspacing one or more of the electroluminescent elements. Image sensors can then receive light propagating through the microlens. One or more processors can synthesize images capture by the image sensors to form a composite image.

Abstract: A method of decoding JVET video includes receiving a bitstream and calculating a final planar prediction in planar mode to predict pixel values for a current coding block. The final planar prediction may rely on using unequal weights applied to each of a horizontal and vertical predictor, where such predictors may be generated by interpolating neighboring pixels for each predicted pixel within a coding block. The computation may be made more accurate by deriving a value for a bottom right neighboring pixel.

Abstract: A method and an encoder for encoding a video stream in a video coding format supporting auxiliary frames, where such auxiliary frames, in conjunction with the frames that reference the auxiliary frames, can be used to for rate control, in that the image data of the auxiliary frames comprises a down scaled version of an image data captured by a video capturing device, and that motion vectors of the frame referring to the auxiliary frame are calculated/determined to scale up the down scaled version of the image data to again have the intended resolution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method that includes collecting first temporal statistics for a port element in a computing environment, collecting second temporal statistics for a switch element in the computing environment, collecting third temporal statistics for the computing environment generally, computing a spatial correlation between network features and network elements comprising the port element and the switch element and computing, via a machine learning technique, a port dynamic weight for the port element and a switch dynamic weight for the switch element. The method can also include scheduling workload to consume compute resources within the compute environment based at least in part on the port dynamic weight for the port element and the switch dynamic weight for the switch element.

Abstract: Improved systems and methods of video decoding and recording in real-time video communications for use in lossy network environments. The disclosed systems and methods can employ a plurality of wait time thresholds for retransmission of missing video packets, based at least on the processing performed on the respective video packets, such processing including video decoding in a real-time video communication between client devices, and video recording and storing in a video file. The disclosed system and methods can also adaptively perform error concealment on video frames in the bitstream domain prior to recording and storing encoded video frame data in a video file, based at least on estimates of the complexities of the respective video frames.

Abstract: Coding a transform block having transform coefficients is described. A plurality of register arrays is defined to each hold one or more stored values regarding the coding context based on at least one spatial template for a coding context. The register arrays are initialized by setting the stored values to default values, and values for the transform coefficients from the transform block are coded in a reverse scan order. The values for the transform coefficients are indicative of magnitudes of the transform coefficients. For each of one or more transform coefficients, the coding includes determining the coding context using at least some of the stored values from the register arrays, entropy coding a value for the transform coefficient using the coding context, and updating the register arrays subsequent to entropy coding the value for the transform coefficient.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image processing device and method whereby higher encoding efficiency can be achieved. A prediction motion vector generating unit 76 uses peripheral motion vector information supplied thereto to generate multiple types of prediction motion vector information, and supplies each prediction motion vector information and code numbers assigned to the prediction motion vector information by a code number assigning unit 77 to a motion prediction/compensation unit 75. The code number assigning unit 77 supplies code number assignation information indicating which code numbers have been assigned to which prediction motion vector information, to a lossless encoding unit 66. The present technology can be applied to an image encoding device which performs encoding based on the H.264/AVC format, for example.

Abstract: A video coding device selects a current block for sub-block based affine inter-prediction, and derives a sub-block size for a sub-block of the current block. The sub-block size includes a sub-block width and a sub-block height. The device determines a unidirectional width threshold (TwU), a bidirectional width threshold (TwB), a unidirectional height threshold (ThU), and a bidirectional height threshold (ThB), where a total value of TwB and ThB exceeds a total value of TwU and ThU. The device determines that the affine inter-prediction is unidirectional inter-prediction or bidirectional inter-prediction. Based on the determination, the device applies the TwU or the TwB to the sub-block width, and applies the ThU or the ThB to the sub-block height. The device then derives a motion vector for the sub-block based on motion vectors for the current block, the sub-block width, and the sub-block height.

Abstract: A coding efficiency increase is achieved by using a common signalization within the bitstream with regard to activation of merging and activation of the skip mode. One possible state of one or more syntax elements within the bitstream may signalize for a current sample set of a picture that the sample set is to be merged and has no prediction residual encoded and inserted into the bitstream. A common flag may signalize whether the coding parameters associated with a current sample set are to be set according to a merge candidate or to be retrieved from the bitstream, and whether the current sample set of the picture is to be reconstructed based on a prediction signal depending on the coding parameters associated with the current sample set, without any residual data, or to be reconstructed by refining the prediction signal depending on the coding parameters associated with the current sample set by means of residual data within the bitstream.

Abstract: A method for decoding a multilayer video signal, according to the present invention, is characterized by: selecting, from a corresponding picture of at least one reference layer, a candidate reference picture of a current picture by using sublayer number information relating to the reference layer and a temporal ID of the current picture belonging to a current layer, determining the number of active references for a current picture based on the number of the candidate reference picture, acquiring a reference layer Identifier (ID) based on the determined number of active references, determining an active reference picture for the current picture using the reference layer ID, generating a reference picture list for the current picture, the reference picture list including a temporal reference picture and the active reference picture, and performing inter-layer prediction for the current picture based on the reference picture list.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer program products that may improve the efficiency of the video encoding process. Mode decision processing and bit stream packing may be performed in parallel for various frames in a sequence. This reduces the amount of idle time for both the mode decision processing logic and the bit stream packing logic, improving the overall efficiency of the video encoder.

Abstract: Decoding a video stream may include decoding a first block of a current frame by decoding a first motion vector from the encoded video stream, decoding an identifier of a first interpolation filter from the encoded video stream, and reconstructing the first block using the first motion vector and the first interpolation filter. Decoding a second block of the current frame may include identifying the first motion vector from the first block as a selected motion vector for predicting the second block in response to decoding an inter-prediction mode identifier for decoding the second block, identifying the first interpolation filter as a selected interpolation filter for predicting the second block in response to identifying the first motion vector from the first block as the selected motion vector for predicting the second block, and reconstructing the second block using the first motion vector and the first interpolation filter.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for decoding an image. The apparatus restores a plurality of sub-blocks by applying a scan pattern determined according to the intra prediction mode of the current block on the quantization coefficient sequence and restores the quantized transform block by applying a scan pattern determined according to the intra prediction mode of the current block on the plurality of sub-blocks. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of coding bits and computing resources required to decode a current prediction block.

Abstract: A method for performing an intra prediction according to the present invention may comprise the steps of: generating predicted pixels by performing interpolation using N reference pixels including two adjacent reference pixels according to an intra prediction direction; and generating a residual signal by using the generated predicted pixels. Accordingly, when a prediction for generating the residual signal is performed according to each prediction direction (mode), an optimal filtering method is determined and a predicted value is acquired, so that a size of the residual signal can be minimized and compression performance can be improved.

Abstract: A moving image coding apparatus includes a feature amount derivation unit configured to derive a feature amount of a block having a reference size smaller than the block unit, the block included in a subject frame being a processing subject of the frames included in the moving image, a decision unit configured to, in a case where the feature amount, derived by the feature amount derivation unit, of the block having the reference size is matched with a first condition, decide the reference size as a block size for inter-prediction and decide a size equal to or smaller than the block size for inter-prediction as a block size for intra-prediction, and a selection unit configured to perform a predetermined evaluation and select one of inter-prediction and intra-prediction as a prediction method for the block having the block size decided by the decision unit.

Abstract: A signaling of at least one characteristic for layers of a multi-layered video signal such as, for example, for each layer the indication of dependent layers to which the respective layer directly relates via inter-layer prediction, or the signaling of the afore-mentioned second inter-dependency syntax structure, is described. A maximum syntax element is signaled within the multi-layered video signal to indicate a maximally used value of an extension layer-ID field of the packets of the multi-layered video signal, the scope of the maximum syntax element being, for example, a predetermined portion of the multi-layered video signal extending, for example, across several portions of the multi-layered video signal. Accordingly, it is feasible for devices such as decoders or network elements receiving the multi-layered video signal to gain, for a relatively large predetermined portion of the multi-layered video signal, knowledge about the actually consumed portion of the possible domain of possible values.

Abstract: Several methods, systems, and computer program products for quantization of video content are disclosed. In an embodiment, the method includes determining by a processing module, motion information associated with a block of video data of the video content. A degree of randomness associated with the block of video data is determined by the processing module based on the motion information. A value of a quantization parameter (QP) associated with the block of video data is modulated by a quantization module based on the determined degree of randomness.

Abstract: An image coding method includes selecting two or more transform components from among a plurality of transform components that include a translation component and non-translation components, the two or more transform components serving as reference information that represents a reference destination of a current block; coding selection information that identifies the two or more transform components that have been selected from among the plurality of transform components; and coding the reference information of the current block by using reference information of a coded block different from the current block.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method, device, and computer program for motion vector prediction in scalable video encoder and decoder. It concerns the process to determine motion information predictor in the enhancement layer of a scalable encoding scheme also known as motion derivation process. It comprises a correction of the position in the reference layer used to pick-up the more relevant motion information available due to the compression scheme. Accordingly, motion information prediction is improved.

Abstract: An image encoding method according to an aspect of the present invention includes: generating, from a plurality of first sub-bitstreams which are obtained by encoding a plurality of images on a per layer basis according to spatial scalable image encoding, a second sub-bitstream including two or more first sub-bitstreams corresponding to two or more layers, the two or more first sub-bitstreams being included in the plurality of first sub-bitstreams; and generating a descriptor including a first field indicating a minimum value for two or more layer identifiers indicating the two or more layers and a second field indicating a maximum value for the two or more layer identifiers.

Abstract: A device for determining information for video data includes one or more processors implemented in circuitry that are configured to determine one or more most-interested regions of a plurality of regions of an image of video data based on data representative of the one or more most-interested regions. The data representative of the one or more most-interested regions is external to video coding layer (VCL) data of a bitstream including the video data. The processors output a request for relatively high-quality video data for the one or more most-interested regions of the image and output, after outputting the request for the relatively high-quality video data, a request for relatively low-quality video data for one or more other regions of the image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for encoding and decoding an image by skip encoding. The image-encoding method by skip encoding, which performs intra-prediction, comprises: performing a filtering operation on the signal which is reconstructed prior to an encoding object signal in an encoding object image; using the filtered reconstructed signal to generate a prediction signal for the encoding object signal; setting the generated prediction signal as a reconstruction signal for the encoding object signal; and not encoding the residual signal which can be generated on the basis of the difference between the encoding object signal and the prediction signal, thereby performing skip encoding on the encoding object signal.