Abstract: An image decoding method includes a step of deriving a residual sample, wherein the step of deriving the residual sample includes the steps of: when a current block is divided into sub-partition blocks, deriving a transform kernel for an inverse primary transform applied to a sub-partition block based on a horizontal or a vertical length of the sub-partition block; and deriving the residual sample from transform coefficients based on the transform kernel.

Abstract: The present principles relates to a method for encoding an image unit comprising image data represented by a luminance channel and at least one chrominance channel, the method comprising obtaining a luma coding-tree by splitting a luminance unit representative of the luminance channel of said image unit and obtaining a chroma coding-tree by splitting a chrominance unit representative of at least one chrominance channel of said image unit. The method is characterized in that obtaining said chroma coding-tree comprises: determining whether said chroma coding-tree and said luma coding-tree are identical; and signaling an information data indicating whether said chroma coding-tree and said luma coding-tree are identical.

Abstract: This application is directed to coding video data including a plurality of transform blocks according to a transform skip mode. Two or more control flags are obtained with the video data to indicate signaling of a Rice parameter for the transform blocks on different hierarchical levels. In accordance with a determination that a first control flag is enabled on a first hierarchical level and a second control flag is enabled on a second hierarchical level lower than the first hierarchical level, entropy coding is performed for a subset of the transform blocks based on a Rice parameter obtained with the video data. In accordance with a determination that the first control flag is enabled and that the second control flag is disabled on the second hierarchical level, entropy coding is performed for the subset of the transform blocks based on a predetermined Rice parameter at the second hierarchical level.

Abstract: A system and method of decoding a sub-block of residual coefficients of a transform block from a video bitstream. The method comprises determining whether sign bit hiding is used for the sub-block, the determination based on a value of a transform skip flag determined for the sub-block and a value of a sign bit hiding flag associated with the sub-block; if sign bit hiding is not used, decoding a number of sign bits equal to a number of significant coefficients in the subblock; and decoding the sub-block by reconstructing the residual coefficients of the sub-block using the decoded sign bits.

Abstract: Techniques for coding and deriving (e.g., determining) one or more coded-block-flags associated with video content are described herein. A coded-block-flag of a last node may be determined when coded-block-flags of preceding nodes are determined to be a particular value and when a predetermined condition is satisfied. In some instances, the predetermined condition may be satisfied when log2(size of current transform unit) is less than log2(size of maximum transform unit) or log2(size of current coding unit) is less than or equal to log2(size of maximum transform unit)+1. The preceding nodes may be nodes that precede the last node on a particular level in a residual tree.

Abstract: A video decoder system, in one embodiment, includes one or more processors and a memory storing instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the video decoding system to perform an entropy decoding operation in a frame level pipelined manner on a bitstream representative of encoded video data to produce first output data, perform at least one of an inverse quantization operation or an inverse frequency transform operation in a row level pipelined manner on the first output data to produce second output data, perform a deblocking filtering operation on first input data that includes the second output data in a row level pipelined manner to produce third output data, and output a decoded video output based on the third output data.

Abstract: A method by which a decoding device decodes an image, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: acquiring a dependent quantization available flag about whether dependent quantization is available; acquiring a sign data hiding available flag about whether sign data hiding is available; and acquiring, on the basis of the dependent quantization available flag and the sign data hiding available flag, a transform skip residual coding (TSRC) available flag about whether TSRC is available.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for image data encoding/decoding. A method of decoding an image includes receiving a bitstream in which the image is encoded; obtaining index information for specifying a block division type of a current block in the image; and determining the block division type of the current block from a candidate group pre-defined in the decoding apparatus. The candidate group includes a plurality of candidate division types, including at least one of a non-division, a first quad-division, a second quad-division, a binary-division or a triple-division. The method also includes dividing the current block into a plurality of sub-blocks; and decoding each of the sub-blocks with reference to syntax information obtained from the bitstream.

Abstract: An encoder including circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In both of a first case where an orthogonal transform is performed and a second case where the orthogonal transform is skipped, when a number of CABAC processes is within an allowable range, the circuitry: encodes a plurality of coefficient information flags by CABAC; and encodes a remainder value of the coefficient; and when the number of CABAC processes is not within the allowable range, the circuitry: skips the encoding of the plurality of coefficient information flags, wherein in the first case, the circuitry: converts the coefficient to a second coefficient by using a poszero value that is determined using a plurality of surrounding coefficients; and encodes a value of the second coefficient, and wherein in the second case, the circuitry: encodes the value of the coefficient.

Abstract: The present application relates to the field of picture processing, for example still picture/image and/or video picture/image coding. In particular, the application relates to a device and corresponding method for intra-predicting a prediction block of a video image. The device is configured to select a directional intra-prediction mode from a set of directional intra-prediction modes, where each directional intra-prediction mode corresponds to a different intra-prediction angle. Further, the device is configured to select a filter from a set of filters based on the selected directional intra-prediction mode. Further, the device is configured to determine, for a prediction sample of the prediction block, a reference sample from a set of reference samples based on the selected directional intra-prediction mode, and apply the selected filter to the determined reference sample.

Abstract: An image decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: obtaining a dependent quantization available flag; obtaining a TSRC available flag, on the basis of the dependent quantization available flag; determining a residual coding syntax for a current block, on the basis of the TSRC available flag; obtaining residual information of the determined residual coding syntax for the current block; deriving a residual sample of the current block, on the basis of the residual information; and generating a reconstructed picture, on the basis of the residual sample, wherein the dependent quantization available flag is a flag regarding whether dependent quantization is available, the TSRC available flag is a flag regarding whether TSRC is available, and the TSRC available flag is obtained on the basis of the dependent quantization available flag having a value of 0.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method comprising generating, via an edge detection algorithm, a first edge map based on a first frame of an input content comprising a sequence of frames. The method further comprises generating, via the edge detection algorithm, a second edge map based on a second frame of the input content. The first frame precedes the second frame in the sequence of frames. The method further comprises determining a difference between the first edge map and the second edge map, determining a metric indicative of an estimated amount of judder present in the input content based on the difference, and dynamically adjusting a frame rate of the input content based on the metric. The input content is displayed on a display device at the adjusted frame rate.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present document may include the steps of: deriving the position of the final significant coefficient in the current block and transform coefficients for the current block on the basis of residual information; determining whether the index of a sub-block including the final significant coefficient is 0 and whether the position of the final significant coefficient in the sub-block is greater than 0; determining whether a significant coefficient exists in a second area excluding a first area at the upper left end of the current block; and parsing an LFNST index from a bitstream when the position of the final significant coefficient is determined to be greater than 0 in the sub-block in which the index is 0, and the significant coefficient does not exist in the second area.

Abstract: Video content frequently seen in gaming content and having a higher probability of being coded in transform skip mode is coded separately from remaining portions of a video coding block before being combined with regular coded portions. This enables more efficient coding of video by reducing the switching between regular coding modes and transform skip modes. The regular coded portion and the transform skip coded portion are combined in an encoder. At a corresponding decoder, inverse operations occur, such that the transform skipped residual portions are decoded and the regularly coded portions are decoded before the portions are combined for a resultant decoded video block.

Abstract: There is disclosed an encoder, a decoder, related methods, and non-transitory storage units storing instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the methods. At an encoder (300), after a spatial transformation stage (304), there is obtained a spatially transformed version (306) of input image information (302) having multiple bands and, for each band, multiple transform band coefficients. After the generation of precincts (311), each comprising transform coefficients covering a predetermined spatial area of the input image information (302), there is provided a component transformation stage (320, 325), to apply one component transformation (CTr) selected (327) out of a plurality of predetermined component transformations, to each band (102?) of each precinct (311). Hence, there is obtained a spatially transformed and color transformed version (323) of the input image information (302), which is subsequently quantized and entropy encoded.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a video may receive a quantization parameter (QP) adjustment value associated with a syntax level at the syntax level. In examples, the apparatus may obtain the QP adjustment value associated with the syntax level, for example, via signalling at the syntax level. The apparatus may apply the QP adjustment value to a QP associated with the syntax level to obtain an adjusted QP associated with the syntax level. The syntax level may include a coding block level or a transform unit (TU) level. In examples, if the syntax level is a TU level, the decoder may receive the QP adjustment value for a first CU (for example, a current TU) and obtain a QP for the second TU that precedes the first CU in a coding order based on a QP predictor, for example, instead of the QP adjustment value for the first TU.

Abstract: A video compression/decompression method designed to carefully balance the amount of work done by the CPU and GPU processes only key image frames to allow fast seeking and backward playback. By using only uniform sized discrete cosine transformation blocks partial frame decoding can be achieved, without using intraframe prediction, enabling playback at increased speeds and skipping decoding of frames that are not displayed. The disclosed video codec may optionally support alpha channel data.

Abstract: A method of video processing is described. The method includes performing a conversion between a current video block of a video and a coded representation of the current video block according to a rule, wherein the rule specifies that, due to use of an identity transform coding tool for representing the current video block into the coded representation, a syntax field indicative of a quantization parameter used for decoding the current video block is included such that a value of the quantization parameter is modified according to a rule, wherein the identity transform coding tool allows coefficient values at a transform domain of the current block to be same as values of a residual block of the current video block.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums for video encoding/decoding. In a method, prediction information for a current block is encoded. The prediction information indicates a secondary transform index, based on which a secondary transform core is determined. A first primary transform coefficient block is generated based on a primary transform core of the current block. A size of the first primary transform coefficient block is less than a size of the secondary transform core. A second primary transform coefficient block is generated based on the first primary transform coefficient block. A size of the second primary transform coefficient block equals the size of the secondary transform core. A secondary transform coefficient block is determined based on the second primary transform coefficient block and the secondary transform core. The current block is encoded based on the secondary transform coefficient block.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for image data encoding/decoding. A method of decoding an image includes receiving a bitstream in which the image is encoded; obtaining index information for specifying a block division type of a current block in the image; and determining the block division type of the current block from a candidate group pre-defined in the decoding apparatus. The candidate group includes a plurality of candidate division types, including at least one of a non-division, a first quad-division, a second quad-division, a binary-division or a triple-division. The method also includes dividing the current block into a plurality of sub-blocks; and decoding each of the sub-blocks with reference to syntax information obtained from the bitstream.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums for video encoding/decoding. An apparatus includes processing circuitry that generates a first primary transform coefficient block for a current block based on a primary transform core of the current block. The processing circuitry determines whether a secondary transform is to be applied to the first primary transform coefficient block based on a position of a non-zero transform coefficient in the first primary transform coefficient block. Based on the secondary transform being applied to the first primary transform coefficient block, the processing circuitry generates a secondary transform coefficient block based on the first primary transform coefficient block and a secondary transform core of the current block. A size of the secondary transform core is greater than a size of the first primary transform coefficient block.

Abstract: A method for decoding an image by a decoding device, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: acquiring image information; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the image information.

Abstract: A method implemented by a PCC decoder and comprising: receiving, by the PCC decoder, a point cloud bitstream comprising timing_info_present_flag, wherein the timing_info_present_flag specifies whether num_units_in_tick, time_scale, and poc_proportional_to_timing_flag are or are not present in a syntax structure; and decoding, by the PCC decoder using the timing_info_present_flag, the point cloud bitstream to obtain a decoded point cloud bitstream. A method implemented by a PCC decoder and comprising: receiving, by the PCC decoder, a point cloud bitstream comprising num_units_in_tick, wherein num_units_in_tick is a number of time units of a clock operating at a frequency time_scale hertz (Hz) that corresponds to one increment of a clock tick counter; and decoding, by the PCC decoder using the num_units_in_tick, the point cloud bitstream to obtain a decoded point cloud bitstream.

Abstract: A video decoding method includes: segmenting to-be-decoded coefficients according to a scan order of a scan region-based coefficient coding (SRCC) scan region in a coding block of a video image frame to obtain one or more coefficient parts each including a plurality of coefficients; decoding a coefficient part all zero flag of each of the coefficient parts to obtain a value of the coefficient part all zero flag; decoding a significant flag of each coefficient in the coefficient part according to the scan order in response to the value of the coefficient part all zero flag being a preset first value, the significant flag being used for indicating whether the coefficient is a non-zero coefficient; and setting the significant flag of each coefficient in the coefficient part to zero, in response to the value of the coefficient part all zero flag being a preset second value.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for digital video coding, which includes using multiple transforms, are described. In a representative aspect, a method for video processing includes making a decision, for a current block of a video, regarding an application of a transform to the current block based on an indication in a bitstream representation of the video at a coding unit (CU) level, a coding block (CB) level, or a transform unit (TU) level, and performing, based on the decision, a conversion between the current block and the bitstream representation.

Abstract: Method for decoding a video including a sequence of pictures includes: a bitstream is parsed to obtain a value of a first flag; whether the value of the first flag indicates that a set of header extension parameters is present is determined; when the value of the first flag indicates that the set of header extension parameters is present, the bitstream is parsed to obtain a value of a second flag; whether the value of the second flag indicates that a first parameter in the set of header extension parameters is enabled for the sequence of pictures is determined; when the determination result is yes, the bitstream is parsed to obtain a value of the first parameter for one of the slices in the sequence of pictures; and the slice is decoded based on the value of the first parameter for the slice.

Abstract: Methods and devices for encoding a point cloud. A bit sequence signaling an occupancy pattern for sub-volumes of a volume is coded using binary entropy coding. Contexts may be based on neighbour configuration and a partial sequence of previously-coded bits of the bit sequence. A determination is made as to whether to apply a context reduction operation and, if so, the operation reduces the number of available contexts. Example context reduction operations include reducing neighbour configurations based on shielding by sub-volumes associated with previously-coded bits, special handling for empty neighbour configurations, and statistics-based context consolidation.

Abstract: An encoding method, a decoding method, and a decoder are provided. The method includes the following. A prediction parameter of a current block is determined, where the prediction parameter includes a prediction mode parameter. Neighbouring sample values of the current block are obtained and matrix-based intra prediction (MIP) input sample values of the current block are determined according to the neighbouring sample values of the current block, when the prediction mode parameter indicates that an MIP mode is used to determine an intra prediction value of a chroma component of the current block. An MIP prediction value of the chroma component of the current block is determined according to the MIP input sample values, an MIP weighting matrix, and a shifting parameter. The intra prediction value of the chroma component of the current block is determined by filtering the MIP prediction value.

Abstract: A method for decoding an image by a decoding device according to the present disclosure comprises the steps of: receiving a bit stream including residual information; deriving a quantized conversion factor of a current block on the basis of the residual information included in the bit stream; deriving a residual sample of the current block on the basis of the quantized conversion factor; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the residual sample of the current block.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for improved chroma encoding and decoding. An apparatus includes an encoder for encoding picture data for at least a block in a picture. Multiple partition types are supported for intra chroma coding of the block. The multiple partition types include a set of chroma partition types and a set of luma partition types. The set of chroma partition types are different than the set of luma partition types.

Abstract: A method comprising obtaining a bitstream, the bitstream comprises a transform unit syntax and a coding unit syntax, the transform unit syntax includes a value of a first flag and a value of a second flag related to, respectively, a first chroma transform block and a second chroma transform block of a current transform unit or a current sub-transform unit within the current transform unit, the first or second flag specifies whether the first or second chroma transform block contains at least one transform coefficient levels not equal to 0, the coding unit syntax includes a value of a third flag specifying whether a transform tree structure is present or not; and deriving a value of a fourth flag based on the values of the first, second, and third flags, the fourth flag specifies whether a luma transform block contains at least one transform coefficient levels not equal to 0.

Abstract: A method for processing a video includes determining a valid splitting type for a current video block; determining whether or how to signal a splitting type to be used for the current video block based on the determination of the valid splitting type; and performing a conversion between the current video block and a bitstream representation of the current video block in accordance with the determining results.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for video decoding. The apparatus includes processing circuitry that can determine multiple transform selection (MTS) selection information of a plurality of transform coefficient blocks in a coded video bitstream. The MTS selection information indicates at least one of (i) threshold information or (ii) a plurality of MTS candidate subsets for a transform coefficient block in the plurality of transform coefficient blocks. The processing circuitry can determine which MTS candidate subset in the plurality of MTS candidate subsets is selected for the transform coefficient block based on the MTS selection information and inversely transform the transform coefficient block based on an MTS candidate included in the determined MTS candidate subset.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present disclosure comprises the steps of: deriving residual samples with respect to a target block on the basis of an inverse primary transform with respect to modified transform coefficients; and on the basis of the residual samples, generating a reconstructed picture, wherein a step of deriving the modified transform coefficients may include the steps of: parsing an LFNST index on the basis of the tree-type of a current block not being a dual-tree chroma and a MIP mode not being applicable to the current block; and deriving the modified transform coefficients on the basis of the LFNST index and an LFNST matrix.

Abstract: A method for decoding a video signal based on reduced transform includes the steps of: obtaining, from the video signal, a transform index indicating transform kernels applied to horizontal and vertical directions of a current block; determining a region in which a transform is applied to the current block based on the transform kernels indicated by the transform index and a size of the current block; deriving, as zero, coefficients of a remaining region other than the region to which the transform is applied within the current block; and performing an inverse transform on the region to which the transform is applied using the transform kernels indicated by the transform index.

Abstract: An improvement in coding efficiency is achieved through restrictions on successive divisions of asymmetric splitting in advanced video coding algorithms, which frequently rely on splitting of a block of video data prior to coding using several transform sizes. Successive divisions of asymmetric splitting are forbidden if an equivalent split can be attained using triple splitting. In an embodiment, a video block is split using successive splits, but the second type of split is dependent on the first type of split.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video encoding method, a video decoding method, and a device using the same, and the video encoding method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: specifying a tile and a slice by partitioning an inputted picture; performing encoding on the basis of the tile and the slice; and transmitting the encoded video information, wherein the picture is partitioned into one or more tiles and one or more slices, and the restrictions for parallel processing can be applied to the tiles and the slices.

Abstract: An example device for binarizing video data includes a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: calculate a local sum of absolute values (locSumAbs value) of neighboring coefficients to a current coefficient of a current block of video data; derive a shift value from the locSumAbs value; normalize the locSumAbs value using the shift value; determine a Rice parameter using the normalized locSumAbs value; and binarize or inverse binarize the current coefficient using the Rice parameter. In this manner, these techniques may allow for more appropriate Rice parameter value selection when binarizing high bitdepth data in conjunction with performing context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC).

Abstract: This disclosure relates transform configuration and signaling for a compound inter-intra prediction modes. In one example, a method for decoding a video block in a video stream is disclosed. The method may include determining that the current block is predicted under a CIIP mode; generating a set of secondary transform coefficients for the current block from the video bitstream; applying a combined inter intra secondary transform by: performing an inverse separable or non-separable secondary transform on the set of secondary transform coefficients to obtain a set of primary transform coefficients of the current block; and performing an inverse primary transform on the set of primary transform coefficients to obtain a residual block of the current block; and decoding, under the CIIP mode, the current block from the residual block.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for predicting scene flow. One of the methods includes obtaining a current point cloud representing an observed scene at a current time point; obtaining object label data that identifies a first three-dimensional region in the observed scene; determining, for each current three-dimensional point that is within the first three-dimensional region and using the object label data, a respective preceding position of the current three-dimensional point at a preceding time point in a reference frame of the sensor at the current time point; and generating, using the preceding positions, a scene flow label for the current point cloud that comprises a respective ground truth motion vector for each of a plurality of the current three-dimensional points.

Abstract: A method for processing a video includes performing a conversion between a current video block and a bitstream representation of the current video block, wherein the current video block is unsymmetrically split into four partitions using an unsymmetrical quad-Tree (UQT) splitting, wherein the four partitions includes a first partition having a dimension of W1×H1, a second partition having a dimension of W2×H2, a third partition having a dimension of W3×H3, and a fourth partition having a dimension of W4×H4, wherein W1, W2, W3, W4, H1, H2, H3, and H4 are integers.

Abstract: A combiner system may be provided for combining, in a compressed domain, video streams of different media sources in a composite video stream by including a respective video stream as independently decodable spatial segment(s) in the composite video stream. The combiner system may generate composition metadata describing a composition of the spatial segments in the composite video stream and identification metadata comprising identifiers of the respective video streams. A receiver system may obtain decoded video data of a respective video stream based on the composition metadata and a decoding of the composite video stream, and based on the identification metadata, identify a process for handling the decoded video data. Thereby, the composition of spatial segments may dynamically change, while still allowing the receiver device to correctly handle the spatial segments.

Abstract: A method of decoding an image, includes obtaining at least one offset for a picture, deriving a variable for scaling for the picture based on the at least one offset, and performing inter prediction based on the variable for scaling for the picture. The at least one offset is defined with a direction of scaling.

Abstract: An image decoding method according to the present document comprises the steps of: receiving a bitstream including residual information; deriving a quantized transform coefficient for a current block on the basis of the residual information included in the bitstream; deriving a residual sample for the current block on the basis of the quantized transform coefficient; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the residual sample for the current block, wherein the residual information may be derived via different syntax elements depending on whether a transform has been applied to the current block.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer readable storage medium for implementation of signaling EOC/EOR. The method includes receiving a video bitstream comprising a transform block having two dimensions, the transform block being entropy encoded; determining whether a one-dimensional transform skip is applied to the transform block based on a syntax element in the video bitstream; in response to the one-dimensional transform skip being applied to the transform block, obtaining, from the video bitstream, an end position value associated with the transform block, the end position value indicating only one of a horizontal coordinate end position in the transform block and a vertical coordinate end position in the transform block; and retrieving the transform block from the video bitstream according to the end position value.

Abstract: Innovations in adaptive encoding for units of a video sequence can improve coding efficiency. For example, some of the innovations relate to encoding that includes adaptive switching of color spaces between units within a video sequence. Other innovations relate encoding that includes adaptive switching of color sampling rates between units within a video sequence. Still other innovations relate encoding that includes adaptive switching of bit depths between units within a video sequence.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for image data encoding/decoding. A method of decoding an image includes receiving a bitstream in which the image is encoded; obtaining index information for specifying a block division type of a current block in the image; and determining the block division type of the current block from a candidate group pre-defined in the decoding apparatus. The candidate group includes a plurality of candidate division types, including at least one of a non-division, a first quad-division, a second quad-division, a binary-division or a triple-division. The method also includes dividing the current block into a plurality of sub-blocks; and decoding each of the sub-blocks with reference to syntax information obtained from the bitstream.

Abstract: Systems and methods for coding and decoding of a coded bitstream is provided. A method includes encoding a block of a picture. The encoding includes selecting a transform set based on at least one neighboring sample from one or more previously encoded neighboring blocks or from a previously encoded picture and transforming coefficients of the block using a transform from the transform set.

Abstract: An image information decoding method performed by means of a decoding device according to the present invention comprises the steps of: decoding a non-separable secondary transform (NSST) index from a bitstream if NSST is applied to a target block; decoding information relating to transform coefficients with respect to the target block from the bitstream on the basis of the decoded NSST index; and deriving the transform coefficients with respect to the target block on the basis of the decoded information relating to the transform coefficients, wherein the NSST index is decoded prior to the information relating to the transform coefficients with respect to the target block.

Abstract: A method for processing a video signal, of the present disclosure, comprising the steps of: parsing, from a bitstream, upper level merge with MVD (MMVD) activation information (sps_mmvd_enabled_flag) indicating whether the upper level MMVD including a current block is usable; parsing, from the bitstream, MMVD merge information (mmvd_merge_flag) indicating whether the MMVD is used in the current block, if the upper level MMVD activation information indicates the activation of the MMVD; parsing MMVD distance-related information (mmvd_distance_idx) and MMVD direction-related information (mmvd_direction_idx), if the MMVD merge information indicates that the MMVD is used in the current block; and obtaining MMVD information (mMvdLX) based on the MMVD distance-related information and the MMVD direction-related information, wherein the MMVD information is greater than or equal to ?2{circumflex over (?)}17 and is less than or equal to 2{circumflex over (?)}17?1.