Abstract: A video encoding device includes: pixel bit length increasing means for increasing a pixel bit length of an input image based on pixel bit length increase information; transform means for transforming output data of the pixel bit length increasing means; entropy encoding means for entropy-encoding output data of the transform means; non-compression encoding means for non-compression-encoding input data; multiplexed data selection means for selecting output data of the entropy encoding means or output data of the non-compression encoding means; and multiplexing means for multiplexing the pixel bit length increase information in a bitstream, wherein a pixel bit length of an image corresponding to the output data of the entropy encoding means and a pixel bit length of an image corresponding to the output data of the non-compression encoding means are different from each other.

Abstract: A method of decoding a video signal is disclosed. The present invention includes determining whether to store a first partial picture when the first partial picture and a first full picture are corresponding to a first temporal point and storing the first partial picture for decoding a second full picture referring to the first partial picture, the second full picture being corresponding to a second temporal point, the second temporal point being located after the first temporal point, wherein a level of the first partial picture on a scalable domain is lower than a level of the second full picture on the scalable domain.

Abstract: A video-information encoding apparatus and decoding apparatus with a guarantee of a fixed processing time. By limiting the amount of data to be input into/output from a CABAC encoding unit and decoding unit on a unit-of-encoding basis, such as one picture, slice, macroblock or block, and by encoding uncompressed video data, it is possible to provide a video-information encoding apparatus and decoding apparatus with a guarantee of a fixed processing time. Thereby, an apparatus with a guarantee of the processing time can be mounted.

Abstract: Decoding includes identifying a scan pattern by which the bitstream is decoded. A set index value is decoded from the bitstream that specifies a set of flags according to the scan pattern that contains a last significant coefficient flag of the significance map, and individual significance flags are decoded and the decoded values written into the significance map according to the scan pattern and including the specified set of flags. Encoding a significance map includes identifying a scan pattern by which the significance map is scanned to form a list of significant coefficient flags. Encoding identifies a group of significant coefficient flags including a last significant coefficient flag and referencing the identified group with a scan index value. The significance map is then scanned in accordance with the scan pattern up to and including an entirety of the identified group and the scanned flag values then encoded.

Abstract: The present technology relates to an encoding device and an encoding method, and a decoding device and a decoding method that are capable of reducing the calculation amount of orthogonal transform processing or inverse orthogonal transform processing. A DWT unit (91) performs a DWT of which the calculation amount is smaller than that of a KLT for residual information. KLT units (92-0 to 92-8) perform separable-type KLTs for a low-frequency component of the residual information that is acquired as a result of the DWT using bases of KLTs of the corresponding intra prediction modes. A coefficient acquired as a result of the KLT and a high-frequency component of the residual information that is acquired as a result of the DWT are losslessly encoded. The present technology can be applied to, for example, an image encoding device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding/decoding a media signal. The method of decoding a media signal includes extracting first table index information from a header. The first table index information indicates M (M<N) tables substantially referred to by frames from among N tables which can be referred to for performing an operation performed by the frames, wherein N and M are natural numbers. Second table index information is then extracted from each frame. The second table index information indicates tables referred to by each frame from among M tables. The tables, which are referred to by the frames, are then identified by using the first and second table index information and the frames are decoded by referring to identified tables.

Abstract: A system and method for transmitting a plurality of video signals scalably coded into layers including a base layer and one or more enhancement layers and associated audio signals, if any, over a communication network for presentation to one or more end users. A layout to display the plurality of video signals is determined based on a set of criteria and only the data of the video signal layers that are necessary for displaying the video signals in the determined layout, and any associated audio signals, is selectively transmitted over the communication network.

Abstract: A system and method for predicting an enhancement layer macroblock. A base layer frame is divided into intra-coded and inter-coded regions. If any portion of the enhancement layer macroblock is covered by both an intra-coded base layer macroblock and an inter-coded base layer macroblock, predictions utilizing the intra-coded and inter-coded macroblocks are established independently to generate at least two prediction values. The at least two prediction values are then combined to give a prediction from which the enhancement layer block is coded. Various embodiments serve to smooth the boundary effect between intra-coded regions and inter-coded regions inside the inter-layer prediction for extended spatial scalability.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for video encoding and decoding with learned transform and compressive sensing. An apparatus includes a video encoder for encoding an image block in a picture by determining from a training data set an adaptive transform for transforming a signal capable of representing the image block into zero coefficients and non-zero coefficients, reconstructing the image block in a pixel domain to obtain a reconstructed version of the image block by minimizing a number of the non-zero coefficients in a transform domain corresponding to the transform responsive to information of the signal and a prediction of the image block, and incorporating the reconstructed version of the image block into a coding mode that is absent from any video coding standards and video coding recommendations.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for coding transform coefficients for a block of video data. For example, according to one embodiment, a video encoder determines an lrg1Pos value associated with the transform coefficient based on the noTr1 value and a position k of the transform in the scan order of the block of video data based on using at least one table that defines an lrg1Pos value for more than one potential noTr1 value for the scan order of the block of video data. In one embodiment, the video decoder uses the determined lrg1Pos value associated with the transform coefficient to perform a structured mapping to determine a code number cn based on a determined value for the level_ID syntax element and a determined value for the run syntax element.

Abstract: A measure of visual quality of processed images relative to unprocessed images is generated in real-time. The measure of visual quality closely correlates with a human's actual perception of the processed image relative to the original image. The measure of visual quality is computed based on a measure of discrepancy (e.g., mean square errors) between the processed and unprocessed images and the variance of each image in the pixel domain or the transform domain may be determined. If the processed image is unavailable, a prediction of the processed image may be used in place of the processed image. The prediction of a processed image may involve predicting the variance values for processed image blocks. The visual quality measure may be used in a feedback loop to improve processing or encoding.

Abstract: A method for encoding transform coefficients in a video encoding process includes dividing a block of transform coefficients into a plurality of zones, determining a scan order for each of the plurality of zones, and performing a scan on each of the transform coefficients in each of the plurality of zones according to their respective determined scan order. In another example, a method for decoding transform coefficients in a video encoding process includes receiving a one-dimensional array of transform coefficients, determining a scan order for each of a plurality of sections of the one-dimensional array, wherein each section of the one-dimensional array corresponds to one of a plurality of zones defining a block of transform coefficients, and performing a scan on each of the transform coefficients in each of the section of the one dimensional array of zones according to their respective determined scan order.

Abstract: Intraframe video compression schemes are optimized for compression of high quality media, such as media encoded in RGB 4:4:4 format. The optimization uses an encoder that applies a 2D spatial linear transform to subframe portions of image data to generate coefficients, adaptively selects a favored color space representation for representing the coefficients, and signals the selected color space representation in the compressed video stream. The selection of color space for each subframe image portion is performed by comparing the compression efficiency of the portion in each of a plurality of color spaces. To minimize computational cost, efficiencies are estimated by applying rate-distortion models for the applied compression scheme to coefficients of each portion.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for coding video data. In particular, this disclosure describes techniques for entropy coding of residual transform coefficients generated by a video coding process. In one example, a method selects a bin 2 context for coding a bin 2 level of one or more transform coefficients in the vector according to the entropy coding process. The method further codes the bin 2 level of one or more transform coefficients in the vector according to the selected bin 2 context. Selecting the bin 2 context comprises selecting the bin 2 context for a current transform coefficient in the vector based on the bin 2 level of one or more previously coded transform coefficients in the vector.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus that processes image data of a moving image includes: an acquiring unit acquiring variations representing degrees of change in the image data, in a unit of picture; a display-type determining unit determining, on the basis of the variations in pictures, display types, which represent display methods in displaying the pictures, in a unit of picture; a display-type acquiring unit acquiring a display type for a picture designated by a picture-designation operating unit operated in designating a picture to be displayed; and a display control unit causing a display to display a picture with a display method represented by a display type for the picture.

Abstract: A color space scalable video coding and decoding method and an apparatus for the same are disclosed that can adjust color components or color depth according to the performance of a decoder side. The color space scalable video coding method includes generating transform coefficients by removing the temporal redundancy and spatial redundancy of input video frames, quantizing the transform coefficients, generating a bit stream by entropy coding the quantized transform coefficients, and generating a color space scalable bit stream that includes the bit stream and position information of luminance data in the bit stream.

Abstract: An image coding method of coding an image on a per coding unit basis, the method comprising: applying a frequency transform to luminance data and chrominance data of transform units in the coding unit including predetermined blocks each corresponding to one or more of the transform units; and coding the luminance data and the chrominance data to which the frequency transform has been applied to generate a bitstream in which the luminance data and the chrominance data are grouped on a per predetermined block basis.

Abstract: In decoding a scalable video signal using a partial picture reference on a temporal domain and a scalable domain, the present invention provides a method including obtaining a first partial picture on a first temporal point, and decoding a full picture referring to the first partial picture, the full picture being on a second temporal point, the second temporal point being located after the first temporal point, wherein a level of the first partial picture on a scalable domain is lower than a level of the full picture on the scalable domain.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for coding coefficients of a video block having a non-square shape defined by a width and a height, comprising coding one or more of x- and y-coordinates that indicate a position of a last non-zero coefficient within the block according to an associated scanning order, including coding each coordinate by determining one or more contexts used to code the coordinate based on one of the width and the height that corresponds to the coordinate, and coding the coordinate by performing a context adaptive entropy coding process based on the contexts. Also disclosed are techniques for coding information that identifies positions of non-zero coefficients within the block, including determining one or more contexts used to code the information based on one or more of the width and the height, and coding the information by performing a context adaptive entropy coding process based on the contexts.

Abstract: A method for compressing data samples using randomized quantization bins is disclosed. The method generally comprises steps (A) to (C). Step (A) may generate a size signal having a quantization step size corresponding to the data samples in an input signal using a compression circuit. The data samples generally reside in a range of numbers. Step (B) may generate the randomized quantization bins in the range based on a pseudorandom process. Step (C) may generate a plurality of quantized samples in a compressed signal by quantizing the data samples based on the randomized quantization bins.

Abstract: A computerized method for transforming a signal representative of image information, the signal being a sparse signal, includes obtaining the signal. The method further includes using the signal to learn a dictionary of basis functions that represent at least part of the signal. The method further includes using the learned dictionary of basis functions to transform the signal.

Abstract: A video encoding device includes a side information determination section and a side information encoding section. The side information determination section sets a quantization parameter for each macroblock in such a manner that a difference between quantization parameters for each pair of macroblocks with successive encoding orders is equal to one of n difference values, and transforms the difference into one of n indices with respect to each pair. The side information encoding section generates a binary sequence having a length corresponding to the size of the absolute value of the index. The total of absolute values of the n indices is smaller than the total of absolute values of the n difference values.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for unified significance map coding. An apparatus includes a video encoder for encoding transform coefficients for at least a portion of a picture. The transform coefficients are obtained using a plurality of transforms. One or more context sharing maps are generated for the transform coefficients based on a unified rule. The one or more context sharing maps are for providing at least one context that is shared among at least some of the transform coefficients obtained from at least two different ones of the plurality of transforms.

Abstract: This disclosure describes coding transform coefficients associated with a block of residual video data in a video coding process. Aspects of this disclosure include the selection of a scan order for both significance map coding and level coding, as well as the selection of contexts for entropy coding consistent with the selected scan order. This disclosure proposes a harmonization of the scan order to code both the significance map of the transform coefficients as well as to code the levels of the transform coefficient. It is proposed that the scan order for the significance map should be in the inverse direction (i.e., from the higher frequencies to the lower frequencies). This disclosure also proposes that transform coefficients be scanned in sub-sets as opposed to fixed sub-blocks. In particular, transform coefficients are scanned in a sub-set consisting of a number of consecutive coefficients according to the scan order.

Abstract: A packetizing method for packetizing a bit stream in a packetizing apparatus. The packetizing method includes encoding, in an encoding unit in the multiplexing apparatus, a chroma component of image data using a chroma quantization parameter calculated on the basis of a luma quantization parameter weighted by an addition operation that adds a weight parameter and generating the bit stream. The method further includes packetizing, in a packetizing unit in the packetizing apparatus, the bit stream and generating a packetized stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented for characterizing a printer, display or other color reproduction device in which a forward color transform having a parametric surface forward color transform and a nonparametric residual forward color transform is updated by adapting the parametric surface forward color transform using an input adaptation data set and a measured adaptation data set, generating a prediction data set in the second color space using the adapted parametric surface forward color transform and the nonparametric residual forward color transform, generating a prediction error data set in the second color space using the input adaptation data set and the prediction data set, generating a membrane forward color transform using the prediction error data set, and updating the forward color transform using the adapted parametric and nonparametric forward color transforms.

Abstract: A multiplexing method for multiplexing a bit stream in a multiplexing apparatus. The method includes encoding, in an encoding unit in the multiplexing apparatus, a chroma component of image data using a chroma quantization parameter calculated on the basis of a luma quantization parameter weighted by an addition operation that adds a weight parameter and generating the bit stream. The method further includes multiplexing, in an multiplexing unit in the multiplexing apparatus, the bit stream and generating a system stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are presented for characterizing a printer, display or other color reproduction device in which parametric and nonparametric forward color transforms are generated to construct a forward color device transform to characterize the mapping of CMYK input data to La*b* data of the device, with the parametric transform adapted to compensate for drifting performance of the color reproduction device.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a quality-scalable video data stream includes a coder for coding a video signal using block-wise transformation to obtain transform blocks of transformation coefficient values for a picture of the video signal, a predetermined scan order with possible scan positions being defined among the transformation coefficient values within the transform blocks so that in each transform block, for each possible scan position, at least one of the transformation coefficient values within the respective transform block belongs to the respective possible scan position; and a generator for forming, for each of a plurality of quality layers, a video sub-data stream containing scan range information indicating a sub-set of the possible scan positions, and transform coefficient information on transformation coefficient values belonging to the sub-set of possible scan positions such that the sub-set of each quality layer includes at least one possible scan position not included by the sub-set of any o

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for constrained transforms for video coding and decoding having transform selection. An apparatus includes a video encoder for encoding at least a block in a picture by selecting a particular transform from at least a first transform and a second transform that is different than the first transform, and applying the particular transform to a residue of the block. Transform coefficients for the second transform are selected responsive to a deblocking filter that is present in the video encoder.

Abstract: In an example, aspects of this disclosure relate to a method for decoding transform coefficients in a video decoding process that includes decoding a one-dimensional array of transform coefficients, and performing a scan on the one-dimensional array of transform coefficients according to a sub-block scan order and a coefficient scan order to produce a block of transform coefficients, where the sub-block scan order comprises an order in which each sub-block of a plurality of sub-blocks within the block is scanned, and where the coefficient scan order comprises an order in which the transform coefficients corresponding to each sub-block of the plurality of sub-blocks are scanned.

Abstract: Computer program products and arrangements to process digital data are contemplated. The digital data may contain values, representing quantities of a wave form over regions. Embodiments include transformations, code, state machines or other logic to process digital data by dividing one of the regions, where one of the values represents a quantity of a wave form over the region. The embodiments may include assigning a value to each of the subregions. The average of the values of the subregions, weighted by the measures of the subregions, may approximately equal the value of the region. The regions may comprise pixels and the values of the pixels may represent the intensity of light waves over the pixels. The embodiments may include the processing of digital data in cameras, televisions, audio players, seismic devices, and medical imaging devices. The subdivision of regions and the assignment of value to the subregions may utilize derivative migration.

Abstract: A video encoding/decoding apparatus includes a video encoder for encoding block mode information indicating whether a block mode of a block to be encoded in a macroblock is a skip mode, partition mode information and skip motion information including index information, encoding at least one of transform type information, CBP information, and delta quantization parameter information of the block according to a combination of the block mode information and the partition mode information, and encoding coefficient information of the block based on the encoded information of the block, and a video decoder for decoding a bitstream to reconstruct block mode information indicating whether a block mode of a block to be decoded is a skip mode, partition mode information indicating whether block is divided into subblocks, and skip motion information including index information, and reconstructing block based on the reconstructed information by using reconstructed skip motion information.

Abstract: Several methods and systems for encoding and decoding multimedia data are disclosed. In an embodiment, a system for decoding multimedia data includes a decoding module and an inverse transformation module. The inverse transformation module includes a first inverse transform module, a transpose buffer and a second inverse transform module. The decoding module decompresses encoded multimedia data using a pre-configurable scan order to provide a decompressed matrix of transform coefficients. The first inverse transform module inversely transforms the decompressed matrix of transform coefficients to provide an intermediate output matrix of transform coefficients, the transpose buffer transposes the intermediate output matrix to provide a transposed intermediate output matrix of transform coefficients, and the second inverse transform module inversely transforms the transposed intermediate output matrix of transform coefficients to provide inversely transformed multimedia data.

Abstract: Devices and methods that allow for applying a wavefront scan to rectangular transform blocks are described herein. Such devices and methods may allow greater efficiencies for entropy coding by enabling parallel processing of transform coefficients. In some embodiments, a method for coding a digital video sequence having a plurality of pictures includes dividing at least one of the plurality of pictures into blocks, performing a rectangular transform on at least one of said blocks to produce one or more transform coefficients, performing quantization on the one or more transform coefficients, and encoding the one or more transform coefficients, one at a time, along a coding scan order, to generate a compressed bitstream. The coding scan order may include a forward wavefront scan order or a reverse wavefront scan order and the quantization may result in producing quantized transform coefficients.

Abstract: Low complexity edge detection and DCT type selection method to improve the visual quality of H.264/AVC encoded video sequence is described. Encoding-generated information is reused to detect an edge macroblock. Variance and Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) of one macroblock shows a certain relationship that is able to be used to differentiate the edge macroblock and the non-edge macroblock. Also, the variance difference of neighbor macroblocks provides a hint for edge existence. Then, a block-based edge detection method uses this information. To determine the DCT type for each block, the detected edges are differentiated as visual obvious edge, texture-like edge, soft edge and strong edge. 8×8 DCT is used for texture-like edges and the 4×4 DCT is used for all the other edges. The result is an efficient and accurate edge detection and transform selection method.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus is provided for performing video decoding operations on blocks of video data, the data processing apparatus comprising: a programmable inverse transform unit configured to perform an inverse transform operation on a set of input values in response to a sequence of instructions, the programmable inverse transform unit comprising a first execution path and a second execution path arranged to perform data operations to implement the inverse transform operation, wherein the data operations performed by the first and second execution path are configured in dependence on the sequence of instructions, wherein the programmable inverse transform unit is configured to operate in a first mode in which each instruction in the sequence of instructions is interpreted using a first instruction length and causes the first execution path and the second execution path to be configured independently of each other, and the programmable inverse transform unit is configured to operate in a second mode i

Abstract: An image signal processing apparatus includes: a block division unit inputting an image signal encoded by orthogonal transformation and dividing the image signal into second blocks different from first blocks encoded using the orthogonal transformation; an activity calculation unit calculating an activity of each second block; a re-encoding unit encoding the second blocks using the orthogonal transformation; a re-encoded difference calculation unit calculating difference values between the second blocks and the first blocks; a class determination unit determining a class of each second block on the basis of a distribution of the difference value and the activity; a prediction coefficient generating unit generating a prediction coefficient corresponding to each class; a prediction tap construction unit constructing a prediction tap for calculating a target pixel in each second block; and a predictive operation unit operating the prediction tap and the prediction coefficient to calculate a pixel value of each t

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for encoding video data is provided that includes receiving a transform unit comprising a two-dimensional array of transform coefficients and processing the transform coefficients of the two-dimensional array along a single-level scan order. The processing includes selecting, for each non-zero transform coefficient along the single-level scan order, one or more context models for encoding an absolute level of the non-zero transform coefficient, where the selecting is based on one or more transform coefficients previously encoded along the single-level scan order.

Abstract: A decoding apparatus includes a random number generating section and a decoding section. The random number generating section generates random numbers according to distribution of original data corresponding to respective quantization indexes. The decoding section generates decoded data on a basis of the random numbers generated by the random number generating section.

Abstract: An image decoding method is for decoding a bit stream in an image decoding apparatus. The method includes receiving the bit stream and a weight parameter that is added to a luma quantization parameter by an addition operation. The method also includes decoding, in a decoding unit in the image decoding apparatus, the bit stream and generating a chroma component of quantized coefficients. In addition, the method includes performing, in a dequantization unit in the image decoding apparatus, dequantization on the chroma component of quantized coefficients using the chroma quantization parameter calculated on the basis of a luma quantization parameter weighted by the weight parameter.

Abstract: In one example, a device for coding video data includes a video coder, such as a video encoder or a video decoder, that is configured to code information indicative of whether a transform unit of the video data is square or non-square, and code data of the transform unit based at least in part on whether the transform unit is square or non-square. In this manner, the video coder may utilize non-square transform units. The video coder may be configured to use non-square transform units for certain situations, such as only for chrominance or luminance components or only when a corresponding prediction unit is non-square. The video coder may further be configured to perform an entropy coding process that selects context for coding data of the transform unit based on whether the transform unit is square or non-square.

Abstract: A method for processing a block of transform coefficients during intra coding includes receiving an N×M block of transform coefficients, wherein N is a row width of the block and M is a column height of the block. A first scan coding pattern is determined from a set of scan coding patterns comprising a diagonal scan coding pattern, a horizontal scan coding pattern, and a vertical scan coding pattern. The method further includes partitioning the N×M block into a plurality of sub-blocks each comprising a plurality of the transform coefficients; and processing the plurality of sub-blocks, one at a time, in a coding order along the first scan coding pattern to generate a bit sequence. The processing further comprises, for the sub-blocks containing at least one non-zero transform coefficient, coding at least the non-zero transform coefficients in a transform coefficient sequence along a second scan coding pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for encoding or decoding video signals. The video signal processing method according to the present invention can enhance processing efficiency by using a structure whereby a single unit is recursively divided into a plurality of units. A method is provided in which bits can be used efficiency by hierarchically employing coding block pattern information under a unit structure able to be divided in this way. Further, residual data is rearranged so as to allow efficient coding by employing spatial distribution of the residual data.

Abstract: A video encoder determines that the last significant coefficient (LSC) of a transform coefficient block occurs at a given ordinal position according to a coding scanning order. The video encoder generates a coordinate indicator that specifies the coordinates of a given transform coefficient in the transform coefficient block. The given transform coefficient occurs at the same ordinal position according to an assumed scanning order. A video decoder receives the coordinate indicator and converts the coordinate indicator into a scan-based LSC indicator. The scan-based LSC indicator indicates the ordinal position of the LSC.

Abstract: An apparatus used in video encoding comprising a processor configured to receive a video frame, select at least one region in the video frame, bypass a quantization step in encoding of the at least one region, for a current block in the at least one region generate a prediction block, subtract the current block by the prediction block to generate a residual block, and selectively bypass a transform step in encoding of the residual block.

Abstract: A method for processing a block of transform coefficients during inter coding includes receiving, during inter coding, an N×M block of transform coefficients, wherein N is a row width of the block and M is a column height of the block. The method further includes partitioning the N×M block into a plurality of sub-blocks each comprising a plurality of the transform coefficients; and processing the plurality of sub-blocks, one at a time, in a coding order along a first diagonal scan coding pattern to generate a bit sequence corresponding to the N×M block. The processing comprises, for the sub-blocks containing at least one non-zero transform coefficient, coding at least the non-zero transform coefficients in a transform coefficient sequence along a second diagonal scan coding pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing video data are provided. The method includes determining a primary transform CN for application to residual data at the encoder, determining a secondary transform TrK for application to the residual data, applying the primary transform CN to the residual data, and selectively applying the secondary transform TrK to the residual data, wherein N denotes the length size of the input vector on which the primary transform CN is applied, and K denotes the length of the first few coefficients of the primary transform output on which the secondary transform TrK is applied. Similar inverse operations are performed at the decoder, viz., selectively applying an inverse secondary transform inv(TrK) at the decoder for the input residual data, followed by application of the inverse primary transform inv(CN).

Abstract: A method for entropy encoding syntax elements of transform coefficient levels in a video encoder to generate a compressed video bit stream is provided that includes selecting a context for a first significant coefficient flag corresponding to a first transform coefficient level in a 32×32 transform block, wherein the first transform coefficient level is at a lowest frequency position in the 32×32 transform block, entropy encoding the first significant coefficient flag using the context, selecting the context for a second significant coefficient flag corresponding to a second transform coefficient level in a 16×16 transform block, wherein the second transform coefficient level is at a lowest frequency position in the 16×16 transform block, and entropy encoding the second significant coefficient flag using the context.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention comprise systems and methods for processing of data related to video wherein reduced bit depth intermediate calculations are enabled.