Abstract: A bit-stream buffer controller for a video decoder includes a first FIFO, a second FIFO, and an interrupt controller. The first FIFO is configured to store an input bit-stream. The second FIFO is configured to store a payload extracted from the input bit-stream. The interrupt controller is configured to generate an interrupt signal according to a fullness status of the first FIFO and the second FIFO such that the video decoder may be switched to load the payload without checking the fullness status each time the payload is loaded.

Abstract: A system and method for processing uncompressed high definition video data to be transmitted over a wireless medium is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes i) a plurality of convolutional encoders configured to input a plurality of video data streams and output a plurality of encoded data streams, respectively, wherein each data stream includes a plurality of data bits, ii) a group multiplexer configured to multiplex the plurality of encoded data streams into a multiplexed data stream, wherein the group multiplexer is further configured to multiplex a plurality of data bits together at one time and iii) a circulant bit interleaver configured to receive an m×n data stream block having n columns and m rows or convert the multiplexed data stream to an m×n data stream block, wherein the m×n data stream block comprises m×n data bits, and wherein the bit interleaver is further configured to interleave the received data bits diagonally and in a circulant manner with respect to the m×n block.

Abstract: In a video system, a method and system for combining results of mosquito noise reduction and block noise reduction are provided. Noise artifacts may be reduced in a video image by generating a first pixel correction value that combines a first and a second noise reduction parameters utilizing a first combination operation. Combining the first pixel correction value and a third noise reduction parameter utilizing a second combination operation may generate a second pixel correction value. New pixel values may be determined for the video image by adding an original pixel value and the pixel correction value. The noise reduction parameters may correspond to results from mosquito and block noise reduction operations. The first and second combination operations may be selected to be a maximum, a minimum, or an addition of the input parameters based on the sign of the input parameters.

Abstract: A video receiving apparatus configured to receive packetized video data from a server includes a detecting unit configured to detect an error from the packetized video data received from the server; a determining unit configured to determine the importance of the packetized video data with the error in the case that the error is detected by the detecting unit, based on added information relating to the packetized video data; and an error processing unit configured to process the packetized video data with the error, according to the importance determined by the determining unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for matching compressed video data under a wireless fading environment are disclosed. The apparatus includes an encoder for encoding and outputting the video data as a compressed bit stream, a channel error measurement unit for measuring Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) or Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) of a wireless channel, and an encoder optimization module for determining if the current fading is slow fading or fast fading. A control signal is output to reduce a frame transmission ratio or to change the quality of the vide data if it is determined that the current fading is slow fading. Another control signal is output to adjust the size of a data output buffer of the wireless channel if it is determined that the current fading is fast fading.

Abstract: A data embedding apparatus including: a selecting unit for selecting, based upon the second data, a prediction system of calculating a prediction value with respect to data to be processed within the first data; a predicting unit for calculating the prediction value of the data to be processed by the prediction system selected by the selecting unit; a difference calculating unit for calculating a prediction error of the data to be processed by employing the prediction value; and a prediction error calculating unit for outputting the coded data, in which the predicting unit includes: a 0-embedding time predicting unit for performing prediction when a bit value of the second data is “0”; a 1-embedding time predicting unit for performing prediction when the bit value of the second data is “1”; and an embedding end time predicting unit for performing prediction when embedding of the second data is accomplished.

Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing the performance of a digital network include capturing a stream of digital data, e.g., internet protocol (IP) packets, that represent streaming video, identifying which of the IP packets include bit errors, determining to which of a plurality of pixels the IP packets including bit errors belong and identifying such pixels as corrupted pixels, and illuminating only the corrupted pixels on a display of a tool. Corrupted pixels in different time blocks can be displayed with different colors to gain a better appreciation of the bit error rate over time.

Abstract: The present invention can reliably adjust the lip-sync between an video and audio at a decoder side, without making the viewer feel strangeness. In this invention, the encoded video frames to which video time-stamps VTS are attached and the encoded audio frames to which audio time-stamps ATS are attached, all received, are decoded, generating a plurality of video frames VF1 and a plurality of audio frames AF1. The video frames VF1 and audio frames AF1 are accumulated. Renderers 37 and 77 calculate the time difference resulting from a gap between the reference clock for the encoder side and the system time clock stc for the decoder side. In accordance with the time difference, the timing of outputting the plurality of video frames, one by one, on the basis of a timing of outputting the plurality of audio frames, one by one. Hence, the lip-sync can be achieved, while maintaining the continuity of the audio.

Abstract: An image decoding device includes an error detecting unit that detects a decoding error in each unit area in one frame of an image; an error compensating determining unit that determines an error compensating area for which error compensation should be performed for the decoding error; and an error compensating unit that performs error compensation to the error compensating area. The error compensating area determining unit determines a unit area where the decoding error occurs, and a predetermined area adjacent to the unit area, as the error compensating area.

Abstract: A receiver receiving a transport stream to demodulate the transport stream into a final output stream, wherein the transport stream comprises a plurality of symbols at least one of which carrying at least one program clock reference (PCR) value, and the final output stream comprises a plurality of demodulated symbols each comprising a plurality of packets, is disclosed. The receiver can comprise a Reed-Solomon decoder configured to decode the transport stream to generate a MPEG (Motion Pictures Expert Group) packet, a MPEG memory configured to store the MPEG packet, and a descrambler configured to read the MPEG packet from the MPEG memory with a throughput rate and descramble the MPEG packet into one of the packets of the demodulated symbols of the final transport stream. The throughput rate is decreased to reduce bursts of the packets of the demodulated symbols of the final output stream.

Abstract: A method and system for obfuscating segment boundary markers, such as but not limited to obfuscating boundary markers used to identify beginning and/or ending boundaries of a sequence of segments forming a programming event. The obfuscation may be achieved by embedding decoy and offset boundary markers within the sequence of segments.

Abstract: A system and method for generating a mosaic image stream, the method includes: retrieving, at a retrieval rate responsive to an encoding rate of a primary stream, mosaic frame information that comprises a primary frame and multiple secondary frames; generating a mosaic frame from the mosaic frame information; and repeating the retrieving and generating to provide a group of mosaic frames; wherein if a reception rate of a certain secondary stream is slower than the retrieval rate then the retrieving comprises re-fetching a secondary frame of the certain secondary stream; and wherein if a reception rate of a certain secondary stream is slower than the retrieval rate then the retrieving comprises ignoring a group of secondary frames of the certain secondary stream.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting system and a data processing method are disclosed. A receiving system of the digital broadcasting system includes a baseband processor, a first table handler, an audio/video processor, and a content processor. The baseband processor receives a broadcast signal including mobile and main service data. The mobile service data may configure an RS frame, and the RS frame may include mobile service data for mobile audio and/or video broadcasting, a first table describing at least one channel configuration information on the mobile service data, and a second table transmitting content for data casting service. The first table handler parses the first table from the RS frame, thereby acquiring at least one channel configuration information on the mobile service data.

Abstract: A method for performing packet loss or Frame Erasure Concealment (FEC) for a speech coder receives encoded frames of compressed speech information transmitted from an encoder. The method determines whether an encoded frame has been lost, corrupted in transmission, or erased, synthesizes properly received frames, and decides on an overlap-add window to use in combining a portion of the synthesized speech signal with a subsequent speech signal resulting from a received and decoded packet, where the size of the overlap-add window is based on the unavailability of packets. If it is determined that an encoded frame has been lost, corrupted in transmission, or erased, the method performed an overlap-add operation on the portion of the synthesized speech signal and the subsequent speech signal, using the decided-on overlap-add window.

Abstract: The invention relates to techniques for processing media data at a receiver device in a packet-switched network. It is proposed to detect data packet losses in the media data, and to determine data frames, like P-frames or I-frames, within a group of successive frames, like the GOP structure, affected by a packet loss. The number of the affected data frames is compared with a threshold value and if said number is equal or higher then the threshold value, then it is proposed to drop the affected data frames and to provide for playing-out data frames in form of a slide show.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for manipulating bitstreams of digital media data compressed according to a compression standard. Also disclosed are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for evaluating compliance of an encoded bitstream of digital media data with a compression standard. In one exemplary embodiment, a conforming bitstream of compressed digital media data is input. One or more of the parameters in the bitstream are selectively altered into parameters that do not conform to the video compression standard. The selective alteration can be performed such that parameters that would make the bitstream non-decodable if altered are bypassed and left unaltered. A non-conforming bitstream that includes the one or more selectively altered parameters is output.

Abstract: When a switching target device receives a media output indication from a sender device, a switch connects with contact B, which causes all image data stored in an extended media buffer to be inputted in a decoder, starting from the first frame (which is an I-frame) of the image data. The decoder decodes the image data, starting from the I-frame, and stores a reconstructed image in a reconstructed-image buffer. A reconstructed image required for decoding video picture data outputted from a media buffer is held in the reconstructed-image buffer. Thus, when device switching occurs, the decoder can immediately start decoding regardless of whether video picture data inputted from the media buffer is an intraframe.

Abstract: Apparatus for transmitting digital data in an 8-vestigial sideband (8-VSB) signal format for reception by mobile/handheld (M/H) receivers is described. The apparatus for transmitting digital data includes a generator of MHE packet headers that include additional information about at least part of the digital data and a packet formatter that installs the MHE packet headers in the MHE packets. Apparatus for receiving the digital data and recovering the additional information from the MHE packet headers to be used for modifying operation of the receiving apparatus is also described.

Abstract: Electromagnetic signals for transmitting television and other information more robustly have amplitudes modulated in accordance with a digital signal generated by convolutional interleaving and trellis coding of segments of successive data fields, each of which segments contains a prescribed number of bytes. In improvements of these signals, respective fractional portions of a Reed-Solomon forward-error-correction codeword are transmitted in respective ones of a plurality of the segments of the successive data fields. The respective ones of the plurality of segments are separated from each other within the successive data fields, such that their individual bytes do not interleave with each other after the convolutional interleaving and trellis coding are completed.

Abstract: Optimised bit allocation is important in video compression to increase the coding efficiency, i.e. to make optimum use of the available data rate. In view of the human visual system, a human usually pays more attention to some part of a picture rather than to other parts of that picture. Therefore the bit allocation should be optimised for different-attention picture areas (GOBi). The inventive distortion-driven bit allocation scheme allocates the coding/decoding error distortion to picture areas consistently with the human visual system, and satisfies the constraint of bit rate as well. The invention uses a distortion/bitrate/rhoquantization parameter histogram analysis. Based on corresponding tables (DGOBi[QPn], RGOBi[QPn] and ?GOBi[QPn]), the relationships between quantization parameter, rate, distortion and percentage of non-zero coefficients for the different-attention areas are determined (PREALUTI, DISALL, RALL).

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a method includes receiving a video stream that includes a temporal discontinuity. Checkpoints are distributed in a non-linear fashion with unequal spacing between the checkpoints. The temporal discontinuity is then detected at one of the checkpoints.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a controller configured to divide a section of an encoded multimedia signal into at least two segments depending on a time based decoding criteria; a generator configured to determine an error correction code for each of the at least two time segments; and a distributor configured to associate the error correction code for each of the at least two time segments with the section of the encoded multimedia signal and with a section of at least one further encoded multimedia signal.

Abstract: An image processor includes a motion vector acquisition section for acquiring and outputting an image motion vector in pixel or a predetermined block unit from plural frames included in an input image signal; and a frame interpolation section for generating an interpolated frame by using the motion vector provided by the motion vector acquisition section and for combining the interpolated frame with a frame of the input image signal, thereby composing a signal of a new frame sequence. The motion vector acquisition section includes a first motion vector acquisition section acquiring a motion vector by matching process and a second motion vector acquisition section acquiring a motion vector based on a relative misalignment of a predetermined edge component between two temporally successive frames in a specific area of an input image signal's frame.

Abstract: An MPEG-4 system with error concealment is provided for video service under the network with packet loss. The MPEG-4 system includes an encoder and a decoder. The encoder uses an intra-refreshment technique is used to make coded bitstream more robust against noise in order to stop error propagation. The rate-distortion optimization criterion is also introduced to adaptively update in synchronization with intra-coded blocks adaptively based on the true network condition with minimal overhead. The Lagrange multiplier is modified to achieve the best rate-distortion balance. In addition, a decoder loop is used in the encoder and is synchronized with the true decoder to achieve the best performance and avoid mismatch with the decoder used in the MPEG-4 system. The decoder is able to achieve resilient decoding from any kind of noise and enhance the reconstructed image quality with spatial and temporal hybrid concealment method. The result shows that a 3.65-9.

Abstract: A transmitting system, a receiving system, and a method of processing broadcast signals are disclosed. The method for processing a broadcast signal in a broadcast receiver comprises receiving a DTV signal including a data group, the data group including mobile service data, segmented known data sequences, long known data sequences and transmission parameter data, compensating carrier frequency offset of the DTV signal and channel-equalizing the carrier frequency offset compensated DTV signal using at least one of the long known data sequences and segmented known data sequences in the data group of the DTV signal, wherein the channel-equalizing includes performing a Error Correction (FEC) decoding on data located between the segmented known data sequences, and estimating Channel Impulse Response (CIR) using the FEC decoded data as known data.

Abstract: The invention is related to decoding of block wise coded video pictures. The determination of using de-blocking filtering between coded blocks is based on alternative characteristics compared to the characteristics used in H.264/AVC.

Abstract: An image data transfer circuit and an image data transfer method capable of exception processing without affecting image data of normal frames when an error is detected in image data. Image data applied to an input processing section is filtered by a filter, stored in an FIFO buffer, and sequentially read from an output section for transfer to the outside. In this event, two frame counters count numbers of frames which are being processed in input processing and output processing, respectively. When an error is detected in the input processing section, a stop controller does not output a stop request signal if the two count values do not match, and outputs the stop request signal at the time the two count values match. In this way, operations on error data are stopped after all image data of normal frames stored in the FIFO buffer has been transferred to the outside.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein that make use of a lost frame concealment method for processing data frames received from transmission over a communications channel. The method involves determining whether a current data frame is a bad frame, performing source decoding on the current data frame with one or more parameters that are limited by a first set of one or more values if the current data frame is a bad frame, and performing source decoding on the current data frame with one or more parameters that are not limited if the current data frame is a good frame.

Abstract: Techniques for detecting faults in a digital video stream include frame freeze detection that can alert an operator of frame freeze in a digital video stream. According to various embodiments, a counter or other code generator is used to place a code into each frame of a video stream. The code counts sequentially, or otherwise changes in a predetermined manner, from one frame to the next and is embedded into one or more pixels of each frame. Verification at the destination, or display, of the changing code within the frames of the video stream can confirm that the video stream is not in a frame freeze fault condition prior to display. If a fault condition is detected by the code verification process, an operator can be made aware of the fault.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a broadcast signal is presented. The method includes. Building a Reed-Solomon (RS) frame corresponding to an ensemble of a service of mobile data, the RS frame being a 2-dimensional data frame through which the mobile data belonging to the ensemble are Reed Solomon-cyclic redundancy check (RS-CRC) encoded, dividing the RS frame into a plurality of portions, encoding signaling information, wherein the signaling information includes fast information channel (FIC) data and transmission parameter channel (TPC) data wherein the FIC data includes cross layer information between a physical layer and an upper layer, mapping data in one portion of the plurality of portions to data groups, formatting data packets having data in the data groups, and transmitting a transmission frame having a parade of the data groups, wherein the TPC data includes an identifier of the parade and version information of the FIC data.

Abstract: A temporal error concealment is described. A video stream comprises a current frame comprising a lost image region, and a reference frame. The method comprises forming a list of motion vector candidates, the list of motion vector candidates including a set of one or more motion vectors from the current frame and a set of one or more motion vectors from the reference frame; testing each of the motion vector candidates using a matching error measure; selecting a replacement motion vector from the list based on the matching error measures; and using the selected replacement motion vector to conceal the lost image region. A mode selection method is also described. A motion vector is used to identify a motion compensated reference image region in the reference frame. A motion compensated temporal activity of an image region in the current frame is calculated based on a comparison between the image region in the current frame and the motion compensated reference image region in the reference frame.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus for sequentially transmitting data in units of packets each containing transmission data to the receiving end. The apparatus including a reception unit receiving the transmission data as an input signal, a packet formation unit receiving the transmission data, and forming an uncompressed packet in which predetermined transmission data is stored as uncompressed data, and a compressed packet in which at least a portion of transmission data that follows the predetermined transmission data is compressed and stored as compressed data. The apparatus also including a reference information management unit holding and managing as reference information related to the uncompressed packet, and a transmission unit transmitting the packets formed by the packet formation unit. The packet formation unit forming compressed data to be stored in a compressed packet, based on the transmission data of the uncompressed packet and the reference information.

Abstract: A data storage unit (103) stores an image frame in which an image frame which consists of coded data having a data loss or error received by a receiving unit (100) and complementary coded data which is received by receiving unit at a later time are rearranged into normal sequence. A redecoding unit (105) decodes the image frame stored in the data storage unit (103) with reference to one or more already-decoded image frames required for the decoding, and stores the decoded image frame in a frame additionally-storage unit (104). A decoding unit (101) decodes an image frame with reference to an image frame stored in either a frame storage unit (102) or the frame additionally-storage unit 104 according to a command from a control unit (106).

Abstract: The image decoding apparatus and the image decoding method according to one aspect of the present invention have a configuration for storing an image decoded in the past as a reference picture into a frame memory, in a field structure in which top lines in the reference picture are stored in a top area and bottom lines in the reference picture are stored in a bottom area, in order to use a part of the image decoded in the past as a reference block in a picture being presently decoded; and selectively copying and storing an uppermost top line or an uppermost bottom line in the reference picture to areas on the uppermost top line and the uppermost bottom line in the reference picture in the top area and the bottom area in the frame memory, and selectively copying and storing a lowermost top line or a lowermost bottom line in the reference picture to areas under the lowermost top line and the lowermost bottom line in the reference picture in the top area and the bottom area in the frame memory.

Abstract: A method of temporal error concealment for generating the image data of the missing macro-blocks in the current frame by using the previous frame and the correct data of the current frame is disclosed. The method includes the steps: first using Optimal Regression Plane to estimate the space motion vectors for each block in the missing macro-blocks; selecting appropriate motion vectors from the estimated space motion vectors and the correct temporal motion vectors in the previous frame as the candidate motion vectors; dividing the missing macro-block into sub-blocks with optimal size; fine tuning the candidate motion vectors as the predicted motion vectors; and using the predicted motion vectors to generate the predicted image data for the missing macro-block and further concealing the effect of the missing macro-blocks upon the image quality of the current frame. The method reduces the computation time, speeds up the process, and improves the image quality.

Abstract: A video decoder capable of generating a check data in response to a data selection code for debugging is disclosed. The video decoder includes a plurality of functional blocks, wherein each said plurality of functional blocks has a output signal to be used as an input signal for a next stage functional block; a multiplexer (209) that receives a plurality of data extracted from said plurality of output signals from said plurality of functional blocks, and outputs one of said plurality of data according to said data selection code; and a check logic (210) that generates said check data by calculating one of said plurality of data outputted from said multiplexer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing in-loop reconstructed video using an in-loop filter is disclosed. In the recent HEVC development, adaptive loop filtering (ALF) is being adopted to process in-loop reconstruction video data, where ALF can be selectively turned ON or OFF for each block in a frame or a slice. An advanced ALF is disclosed later that allows a choice of multiple filter sets that can be applied to the reconstructed video data adaptively. In the present disclosure, pixels of the in-loop reconstructed video data are divided into a plurality of to-be-filtered regions, and an in-loop filter from a filter set is determined for each to-be-filtered region based on a rate-distortion optimization procedure. According to one embodiment of the present invention, computation of cost function associated with the rate-distortion optimization procedure is related to correlation values associated with original video data and the in-loop reconstructed video data.

Abstract: A decoder for video signals, such as MPEG, which uses motion-compensated bidirectional predictive coding, performs concealment of lost or corrupted portions of a picture. For this purpose, it estimates missing motion vectors by combining the two vectors which accompany a bidirectionally coded frame to create a substitute vector. An encoder can be modified to enhance this decoder operation, including forcing at least one frame per group of frames to be coded using bidirectional prediction, and constraining the two vectors so that the substitute vector is closer to the wanted value.

Abstract: An image coding method includes dividing an input picture into a plurality of pixel block signals, performing intra prediction for extrapolating or interpolating a prediction pixel using reference pixels changed in number according to a distance between the prediction pixel and a reference pixel in plural prediction modes each representing a prediction direction, generating a predictive image signal by extrapolating or interpolating the prediction pixel, calculating a prediction error signal from the pixel block signal and the predictive image signal, selecting one prediction mode of the plural prediction modes using the prediction error signal, and performing entropy-coding using the prediction error signal based on the selected prediction mode.

Abstract: A novel apparatus and method of differential decoding for use in a communication system such as a cable system. The differential decoding mechanism of the present invention enables the use of the Chase algorithm for Reed Solomon (RS) codes (i.e. non-binary codes). The mechanism is well suited for use in systems employing QAM data modulation/demodulation techniques and that also incorporate use of a differential encoder such as in DOCSIS capable cable modem systems. The differential decoding mechanism is operative to analyze the input to the differential decoder and adjust the decoding action accordingly. The mechanism generates the first and second candidate constellation points needed by the Chase algorithm. Considering the differential encoding, there are four possible constellation candidates. The differential decoder reduces these four possible options to two by eliminating from consideration two of them.

Abstract: In a moving picture decoding apparatus, a variable-length decoding circuit decodes motion vectors for each macroblock from a bit stream and stores the motion vectors. An error correction circuit calculates a reference vector for an error macroblock using the motion vectors to generate a corrected picture from a reference picture. An inverse-orthogonal transform circuit stores a difference value between direct-current (DC) components after Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (IDCT) is performed thereon, in the memory for each macroblock. The error correction circuit further calculates a difference value of the DC component of the error macroblock using the difference values of DC components stored in the memory, to add the difference value calculated to the corrected picture generated from the reference picture.

Abstract: According to a picture coding method of the present invention, a coded picture identified by a picture number is stored, as a reference picture, into a storage unit; commands indicating correspondence between picture numbers and reference indices for designating reference pictures and coefficients used for generation of predictive images are generated; a reference picture being used when motion compensation is performed on a current block in a current picture to be coded is designated by a reference index; a predictive image is generated by performing linear prediction on a block being obtained by motion estimation within the designated reference picture, by use of a coefficient corresponding to the reference index; a coded image signal including a coded signal obtained by coding a prediction error being a difference between the current block in the current picture to be coded and the predictive image, the commands, the reference index and the coefficient is outputted.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting system and method of processing data are disclosed. Herein, a transmitting system within the digital broadcasting system includes a byte-symbol converter, an interleaving unit, a block formatter, and a trellis encoding module. Herein, the byte-symbol converter converts inputted mobile service data to symbol units. The interleaving unit is provided with (N?1) number of block interleavers in parallel, and interleaves the symbols outputted from the byte-symbol converter. The block formatter controls output orders of the mobile service data being inputted and data being outputted from each block interleaver within the interleaving unit. The trellis encoding module is provided with a plurality of trellis encoders in parallel, and enables each trellis encoder trellis-encode the mobile service data.

Abstract: A broadcast receiver, and a method of processing data are disclosed. The broadcast receiver includes a receiving unit, a RS frame decoder, a decoding unit, and an output unit. The receiving unit receives a broadcast signal multiplexed mobile broadcast service data including a first information associated with safety/security and main broadcast service data. The RS frame decoder performs CRC-decoding and RS-decoding on the RS frame, thereby correcting errors occurred in the corresponding mobile broadcast service data. The decoding unit extracts the first information from the error-corrected mobile broadcast service data, thereby decoding the extracted data with at least one of an audio decoder, a video decoder, and a data decoder. The output unit outputs the first information decoded by the decoder in a form of at least one of a text, a voice message, and an image.

Abstract: A communications node can receive a plurality of communication signals, each including a block of data estimates with respective quality metrics. Each block of data estimates can be derived from an original block of data sent over different wireless paths, or from a derived block of data estimates sent over a different wireless path. A data combining circuit can be used to combines the blocks of data estimates as a function of the respective quality metrics to produce an output set of data estimates with a derived quality metric.

Abstract: A channel equalizer includes a first transformer, an estimator, an average calculator, a second transformer, a coefficient calculator, a compensator, and a third transformer. The first transformer converts normal data into frequency domain data, where a known data sequence is periodically repeated in the normal data. The estimator estimates channel impulse responses (CIR) during known data intervals adjacent to each normal data block. The average calculator calculates an average value of the CIRs. The second transformer converts the average value into frequency domain data. The coefficient calculator calculates equalization coefficients using the average value, and the compensator compensates channel distortion of each normal data block using the coefficients. The third transformer converts the compensated data block into time domain data.

Abstract: Moving image decoding apparatus and moving image decoding method wherein the picture quality degradation is small even when an error occurs in decoding or the like in an coding system that refers to more than one frames to perform a prediction coding. An error correcting part (6) comprises an image selecting part (61) and an error concealing part (62). The image selecting part (61) selects a frame to be used as the image for the concealment and notifies the error concealing part (62) of, as information of the selected frame, the frame number (frame_num) of the selected image or the number of a frame memory in which the selected image is stored. The error concealing part (62) uses additional information and the selected frame information which is given from the image selecting part (61) to conceal the macro block where the error has occurred.

Abstract: A basic pattern generating unit 81 generates a film grain basic pattern 86 in which the histogram of random noise is substantially the same as the film grain basic pattern information 53. The film grain basic pattern 86 is of (64×64) pixels and an area of (16×16) pixels is cut out and supplied to a multiplier 84. Strength information 88 is generated based on film grain strength information 54 produced on the encoding side and an average value 87 of a pixel value in the area of (16×16) pixels of decoded image information 42. The strength of basic pattern 86 is adjusted by this strength information 88. Film grain image 89 whose strength is adjusted is added to the area of (16×16) pixels of the decoded image information 42 by an adder 85 by the unit of pixel.

Abstract: An exemplary method includes switching, by a media content access subsystem, from a program stream to an advertisement stream in response to a switching instruction received by the media content access subsystem, detecting, by the media content access subsystem, a predetermined number of markers included within the advertisement stream, the predetermined number of markers indicative of an error associated with the advertisement stream, and switching, by the media content access subsystem, from the advertisement stream to another media content stream in response to the detecting of the predetermined number of markers. Corresponding methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A broadcast receiver and a method of processing data are disclosed. The broadcast receiver includes a broadcasting module, at least one function module, and a controller. The broadcasting module receives and processes mobile broadcast signal. The function module outputs at least one of a video output and an audio output. The controller controls output of at least one of video output and audio output corresponding to each of the broadcasting module and the function module, when a mode shift occurs between the broadcasting module and at least one the function module.