Abstract: An apparatus for estimating carrier frequency offset includes a notch frequency setting circuit, N notch filters, an Mth power circuit, a spectrum generating circuit, a peak frequency determining circuit, a comparing circuit, and a frequency offset determining circuit. The notch frequency setting circuit sets different notch-frequencies for the notch filters, which generate N filtered signals by filtering an input signal. The Mth power circuit performs an Mth power calculation on the N filtered signals to generate N Mth power filtered signals. The spectrum generating circuit generates N Mth order spectra for the N Mth power filtered signals. The peak frequency determining circuit determines respective peak frequencies of the N Mth order spectra. The comparing circuit identifies an optimal peak frequency from the N peak frequencies. The frequency offset determining circuit determines an estimated carrier frequency offset according to the optimal peak frequency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a signal sending method and a signal sending device, where the signal sending method includes: canceling interference from symbols of a boundary between at least two precoding code blocks in a multiple input multiple output filter bank multicarrier MIMO-FBMC system, where the precoding code block includes at least one time-frequency resource element that uses same precoding; performing precoding on a to-be-sent symbol in the precoding code block to obtain a precoded symbol; and sending the precoded symbol. In the present invention, mutual interference between precoding code blocks at a time-frequency critical location can be completely or partially canceled.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating carrier frequency offset for multipath signals includes an echo signal filtering circuit, an Mth power circuit, a spectrum generating circuit, a peak frequency determining circuit and a frequency offset determining circuit. The echo signal filtering circuit filters out an echo signal from an input signal to generate a filtered signal. The Mth power circuit performs an Mth power calculation on the filtered signal to generate an Mth power calculation result. The spectrum generating circuit generates an Mth power spectrum according to the Mth power calculation result. The peak frequency determining circuit determines a peak frequency corresponding to an amplitude peak from the Mth power spectrum. The frequency offset determining circuit determines an estimated carrier frequency offset according to the peak frequency.

Abstract: A wireless communication device includes a baseband variable gain amplifier that amplifies a transmission baseband signal, a local variable gain amplifier that amplifies a local signal, a frequency-conversion circuit that mixes the amplified transmission baseband signal and the amplified local signal to carry out a frequency conversion into a transmission high-frequency signal, a first detector that detects a power of the transmission high-frequency signal, and a controller that controls at least one of a gain of the transmission baseband variable gain amplifier and a gain of the local variable gain amplifier on the basis of the detected power of the transmission high-frequency signal so that a power of the transmission high-frequency signal to be detected takes a predetermined value.

Abstract: Cancellation of alien interference in signals transmitted over communication channels. In one aspect, one or more signals are received at a receiver from a communication link, an alien interference in the received signals is determined based on at least one of the received signals, one or more canceling signals is determined based on the alien interference, and the canceling signals are used to reduce the alien interference in the one or more received signals.

Abstract: A frame generator 3 frames an input signal and generates a frame signal. A reference signal storage unit 7 stores therein a reference signal showing a periodic noise signal. A correlation value calculator 8 calculates a correlation value between the frame signal and the reference signal. A correlation candidate position decider 9 decides a plurality of correlation candidate positions serving as candidates for a signal portion of the reference signal correlated with the frame signal. A noise reduction processor 10 reduces a periodic noise signal, which is included in the frame signal, by using each signal portion of the plurality of correlation candidate positions, and generates a plurality of candidate output signals. An output signal decider 11 decides a candidate output signal, in which the periodic noise signal is reduced the most among the plurality of candidate output signals, and outputs the decided output signal.

Abstract: A phase discontinuity mitigation implementation within a phased lock loop (PLL) improves throughput of a radio access technology. The throughput is improved by maintaining a phase of the PLL while powering off some devices of the PLL, such as a local oscillator (LO) frequency divider. In one instance, when the PLL is powered down, one or more portions of a delta sigma modulator for the PLL are clocked with a reference clock for the PLL. This implementation maintains phase continuity when the first phase lock loop turns back on.

Abstract: A Precoding-codebook-base Secure Uplink (PSU) scheme is proposed to utilize the channel reciprocity, uniqueness, and randomness in solving the secure initiation problem. A UE receives a first reference signal via first downlink channel in a mobile communication network. The UE performs channel estimation based on the first reference signal and thereby obtaining a first channel response matrix of the first downlink channel. The UE then encodes secrecy information onto a second reference signal. The UE transmits the second reference signal via a second uplink channel. The secrecy information is hidden in the uplink channel through a precoding operation such that the secrecy information can be extracted when the second uplink channel is reciprocal to the first downlink channel.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus includes a display, a video receiver, and a processor. The display is configured to display an image. The video receiver is configured to receive an input signal of an impulse response. The processor configured to divide the input signal into sub-bands, apply primary echo-cancellation to the input signal by using sub-band signals corresponding to the sub-bands, estimate a residual echo based on acoustic echo path information obtained in the primary echo-cancellation with regard to each of the sub-bands, and perform secondary echo-cancellation to remove the estimated residual echo from the primary-echo-canceled input signal.

Abstract: A user terminal configured to perform communication with an infrastructure equipment of a mobile communications network. The user terminal including a receiver configured to receive signals transmitted by the infrastructure equipment in accordance with a wireless access interface and a transmitter configured to transmit signals to the infrastructure equipment in accordance with the wireless access interface. The user terminal is configured to receive an indication on a downlink of the wireless access interface of one of a plurality of different subcarrier spacing which the communications device should use to transmit or to receive the signals representing the data.

Abstract: In aspects of a common mode sense circuit for use at a chip's differential pins, a common mode sense circuit sums signals from a pair of connections comprising a twisted-pair cable differential connection. Differential connections are at an input of a chip, such as at an input to a receiver. Summed signals represent sensed common mode signals and may be further processed, such as summing the sensed common mode signals together, and supplied as a reference signal to an adaptive interference canceller.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pulse interference suppression, and a computer readable storage medium in a communication system are provided in the embodiments of the present invention. The method includes: judging a location where pulse interference occurs according to a power of a signal; and performing suppression processing on a data segment interfered by a pulse in the location. After judging that the pulse interference exists in the location, a receiver in the communication system discards the data segment interfered by the pulse in the location, and feeds back an indication that the data are not received.

Abstract: Signals transmitted on the backhaul links of a cloud radio access network may be compressed using joint compression encoding. Joint compression encoding may be performed using a successive estimation-compression architecture. Joint compression encoding may include designing preceding matrices that may be used with signal compression. Joint compression encoding may be applied to signals transmitted on the downlink of the cloud radio access network. One or more baseband signals to be delivered over the backhaul links may be jointly compressed using multivariate compression. Multivariate compression may be implemented using successive compression based on a sequence of minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimations and per BS compression.

Abstract: A method for signal processing, receiving a time domain signal having a sample-rate Fs and generating N time domain signal bands, each having a bandwidth equal to Fs/N. Receiving the N signal bands and transforming a first time domain signal band to a frequency domain at a first resolution and a second time domain signal band to the frequency domain at a second resolution, where the first resolution may be different from the second resolution. Determining one or more first filter coefficients using the frequency domain components from the first signal band and one or more second filter coefficients using the frequency domain components from the second signal band. Transforming the first and second filter coefficients from the frequency domain to a time domain. Applying the first and second time domain filter coefficients to the first and second time domain signals, respectively.

Abstract: An optical transceiver comprises a transmitter configured to transmit a first signal, and a receiver coupled to the transmitter and configured to receive a first compensation, wherein the first compensation is based on a pattern-dependent analysis of the first signal, and provide the first compensation to the transmitter, wherein the transmitter is further configured to compensate a second signal based on the first compensation to form a first compensated signal, and transmit the first compensated signal. An optical transmitter comprises a digital signal processor (DSP) comprising a compensator, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) coupled to the DSP, a radio frequency amplifier (RFA) coupled to the DAC, and an electrical-to-optical converter (EOC) coupled to the RFA. An optical receiver comprises an optical-to-electrical converter (OEC), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the OEC, and a digital signal processor (DSP) coupled to the ADC and comprising a calibrator.

Abstract: A circuit and method for controlling a pre-cursor coefficient in an equalizer of a transmitter device. An input signal from the transmitter is converted into a data signal that includes data symbols transmitted in successive unit intervals. An error signal is formed by comparing the input signal to a threshold value. A determination is made whether to adjust the pre-cursor coefficient, by correlating a sample of the error signal with samples of the data signal from one unit interval earlier and two unit intervals earlier.

Abstract: A method for performing uplink (UL) transmission control of an electronic device and an associated apparatus are provided, where the method includes the steps of: determining a set of UL transmission patterns for a dedicated physical data channel (DPDCH) and a dedicated physical control channel (DPCCH), wherein one of the set of UL transmission patterns indicates whether UL transmission of a plurality of slots of one of the DPDCH and the DPCCH in at least one transmission time interval (TTI) is required, respectively; and performing UL transmission of the DPDCH and the DPCCH according to the set of UL transmission patterns, wherein with aid of a UL transmission pattern for the DPDCH within the set of UL transmission patterns, UL transmission of at least one slot of the DPDCH is prevented in the at least one TTI. The method may include selecting one of multiple sets of UL transmission patterns.

Abstract: A method in a wireless communication terminal includes receiving an aggregated carrier including a first component carrier and a second component carrier, determining a level of interference from a signal received on the first component carrier to a signal on the second component carrier based on a signal characteristic of the first component carrier and a signal characteristic of the second component carrier, and providing signal interference information to a serving base station if the determined interference level satisfies a condition.

Abstract: One embodiment provides an apparatus. The apparatus includes an optimization module configured to determine a guard interval remainder based, at least in part on a comparison of an allowable microreflection interference level and an actual microreflection interference level; and a windowing module configured to window an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexed) symbol utilizing the guard interval remainder. The apparatus may further include a channel estimator module configured to determine a predicted channel frequency response based, at least in part, on a probing symbol; and a pre-equalizer module configured to pre-equalize the OFDM symbol based, at least in part, on the predicted channel frequency response.

Abstract: Transients caused by load modulation can fee compensated far by adjusting pulse shapes. A radio frequency (RP) carrier signal can be modulated using load modulation. For the modulated RF carrier signal a particular pattern can be detected for a symbol period that precedes a second symbol that does not use load modulation. In response to the detecting, a pulse shape of the first symbol can be adjusted to mitigate the transients.

Abstract: A system and method for applying a convolutional neural network (CNN) to speech recognition. The CNN may provide input to a hidden Markov model and has at least one pair of a convolution layer and a pooling layer. The CNN operates along the frequency axis. The CNN has units that operate upon one or more local frequency bands of an acoustic signal. The CNN mitigates acoustic variation.

Abstract: Described herein are technologies related to an implementation of noise power estimation in a receiver of a device.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes a generating unit, a detecting unit, and a suppressing unit. The generating unit generates, using signals at multiple carrier frequencies that are different from each other, a replica signal for passive inter modulation distortion that occurs in a reception signal from a terminal due to the transmission of a multicarrier signal that includes the signals at the multiple carrier frequencies. The detecting unit detects the correlation value between the replica signal for the passive inter modulation distortion and the reception signal. The suppressing unit suppresses the peak of the multicarrier signal when the correlation value is equal to or more than the threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for lossless encoding of video data is provided, including a reversible transform, connected to a plurality of inputs, having a same plurality of orthonormal outputs, wherein the reversible transform comprises rotations combined with internally cancelled scalings that are connected to said orthonormal outputs.

Abstract: A linear radio and a method for performing automatic level control are provided. A demultiplexer, within the linear radio, receives multiplexed signals from an indoor unit via a cable connecting the indoor unit with the linear radio. The demultiplexer demultiplexes the multiplexed signals to produce a transmit signal of an intermediate frequency. A variable gain amplifier within the linear radio, receives the transmit signal and a signal from an operational amplifier and produces the transmit signal with a changed gain, which is provided to a coupler. The coupler provides the transmit signal with the changed gain to a mixer and a power detector simultaneously. The power detector produces a second signal, which is provided to the operational amplifier, thereby forming a closed automatic level control loop. In some embodiments, the demultiplexer produces a power control signal, which is provided to the operational amplifier as a second input.

Abstract: An approach for improved compensation for nonlinear distortion in multicarrier satellite systems is provided. Source reflecting encoded and modulated sequences of source data symbols are received. Each source signal is predistorted, and a transmit filter is applied to each predistorted source signal. Each filtered signal is translated to a carrier frequency, and the translated signals are combined into a composite signal for transmission via a multicarrier transponder. The final predistorted version of each source signal is generated via an iterative process of a number of stages, wherein, for a given stage and for each source signal, the process comprises: receiving a prior predistorted version of each source signal from a preceding stage; processing each prior predistorted source signal based on all of the received prior predistorted source signals, wherein the processing is performed based on a characterization of one or more characteristics of the multicarrier satellite transponder.

Abstract: An amplifier calibration system has a calibration controller, a comparator coupled between an amplifier to be tested and the calibration controller, and an analog test signal generator driven by the calibration controller and coupled to the amplifier input. The system applies a cycle of analog tests to the amplifier input. The cycle has an upward path and a downward path. The upward path includes three signal levels: lowest, medium low, and medium high. The downward path includes: highest, medium high, and medium low. The comparator determines successive polarities of the amplifier's responses to the cycle of analog tests. Based on the polarities, the system determines amplifier characteristics, and calibrates amplifier parameters to change the amplifier characteristics to desired values. Characteristics may include hysteresis, offset, input range values, and other amplifier specifications.

Abstract: Provided are an interested audio source cancellation method, a voice recognition method using the interested audio source cancellation method, computer-readable recording media recording programs for implementing the methods, and a voice recognition apparatus for performing voice recognition by using the interested audio source cancellation method. The interested audio source cancellation method includes steps of: receiving input mixed signals from two microphones and transforming the signals into a time-frequency domain through short-term Fourier transformation; setting an interested audio source cancellation vector for cancelling an interested audio source signal from the input mixed signals in the time-frequency domain; and generating a mixed noise signal by cancelling the interested audio source signal from the input mixed signals by using the interested audio source cancellation vector.

Abstract: A communication method for embedding a meta-carrier under an original carrier signal with reduced or minimal original carrier signal degradation, the method comprising transmitting an original carrier signal by a transmitter, forming a meta-carrier signal separate from the original carrier signal that contains meta-data about the original carrier signal including one or more characteristics of the original carrier signal configured for use by a receiving device to establish one or more parameters of a receiving device to receive the original carrier signal at the receiving device, and transmitting the meta-carrier signal by the transmitter separate from the original carrier signal such that the meta-carrier signal occupies at least a portion of a bandwidth of the original carrier signal.

Abstract: A spectrum channel sharing system may coordinate a shared usage of one or more spectrum channels between a first communication system and a second communication system. The first communication system may transmit a request to the second communication system to clear communication traffic associated with the second communication system from a spectrum channel. The first communication system may then initiate a communication session on the spectrum channel after the communication traffic associated with the second communication system has been at least partially cleared from the spectrum channel.

Abstract: A feed-forward cancellation system includes a transmitting element and a receiving element. The transmitting element is in electrical communication with a transmitting line. The transmitting element is configured output a transmission signal to the transmitting line. The receiving element is in electrical communication with a receiving line. The receiving element is configured to process a response signal that is generated in response to the transmission signal and that is delivered to the receiving line. At least one antenna is configured to transmit the transmission signal, receive the response signal generated based on the transmission signal, and deliver the response signal to the receiving line. The feed-forward cancellation system further includes an electronic cancellation unit configured to generate a cancellation signal based on the transmission signal. The cancellation signal eliminates saturation from at least one of the response signal and the receiving line.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of reducing crosstalk in a crosstalk cancelation system. The method comprises at least the steps of applying to the at least one first signal a crosstalk cancelation according to a set of crosstalk coefficients; monitoring crosstalk received in the at least one first signal at a first end of the first path during the application of the crosstalk cancelation; and updating the crosstalk coefficients during the monitoring. The disclosure also includes a device, which can carry out the method.

Abstract: A signal processor includes: a first adaptive filter that takes a first signal as input and generates a first pseudo signal; a first subtractor that subtracts the first pseudo signal from a second signal to supply a first differential signal as output; a second adaptive filter that takes the first signal as input to generate a second pseudo signal; a second subtractor that subtracts the second pseudo signal from the second signal to supply a second differential signal as output; a first step size control circuit that generates a first step size used in updating the first adaptive filter in accordance with the relation between the second pseudo signal and the second differential signal; and a second step size control circuit that generates a second step size used in updating the second adaptive filter in accordance with the relation between the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for dynamic directional synchronization signal signals in a millimeter wave communication system. A base station may determine a narrowband signal component and a wideband signal component of a synchronization signal for millimeter wave communications. The base station may identify network characteristic(s) of the millimeter wave communication network and adjust parameter(s) of the narrowband signal and/or the wideband signal components of the synchronization signal. The parameters may include a transmission power split or ratio, a bandwidth, a tone selection, or any combination of these parameters.

Abstract: A circuit comprises a decision unit configured to obtain a plurality of decision errors based on a demodulated signal and an original symbol; a calculator configured to calculate an instant direct current error based on the plurality of the decision errors, and first and second variance error signals based on the instant direct current error; an error detector configured to obtain a first result by determining whether an absolute value of both the first variance error signal and an the second variance error signal are larger than a first threshold; obtain a second result by determining whether an absolute value of a first decision error of the plurality of the decision error is larger than a second threshold; and output a second closest constellation point as a corrected symbol corresponding to the first decision error at least based on the first result and the second result.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, devices, systems and methods of communicating a wakeup packet. For example, an apparatus may include circuitry configured to cause a first wireless device to modulate a preamble of a wakeup packet according to an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme; modulate a payload of the wakeup packet according to an On-Off keying (OOK) modulation scheme over a plurality of OFDM tones; and transmit the wakeup packet to a second wireless device.

Abstract: A mobile radio communication terminal device may include at least one circuit configured to perform a method of processing received digitized signals, the method including determining a plurality of cross-correlation coefficients for the received digitized signal. Each of the plurality of cross-correlation coefficients may be determined by cross-correlating the received digitized signal with a respective candidate mobile radio local reference signal out of a plurality of pre-stored candidate mobile radio local reference signals. The at least one circuit may be further configured to select one or more cross-correlation coefficients from the determined plurality of cross-correlation coefficients and perform a mobile radio cell scan based on one or more of the selected cross-correlation coefficients, thereby determining a mobile radio communication network to connect to.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optimizing and audio communication system, including detecting a surrounding noise profile, determining one or more states of one or more noise-related conditions corresponding to the surrounding noise profile, and associating the one or more states of the one or more noise-related conditions to the surrounding noise profile.

Abstract: A method of mitigating narrow band interference (NBI) in ultra wide band (UWB) systems operating around 10 GHz mitigates multiuser interference from IEEE 802.22 and WiMAX, wherein the multiuser interference interfers with both trained and blind UWB systems, with the trained UWB system using pilot symbol assisted modulation. The method passes a received UWB signal through a band pass filter (BPF), wherein the BPF is located at a UWB receiver and the UWB signal is a Hanning modulated pulse centered at 4 GHz frequency. The method further measures a plurality of test functions, determines a number of active users, notch filters NBI signals, based on the determined number of active users, passes the notch filtered signal through a quadratic programming algorithm, to perform joint decoding, estimates an arrival of a UWB payload, and demodulates the UWB payload, based on the estimated arrival of the UWB payload.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to linear and efficient broadband power amplifiers. A power amplifier (PA) system can include an input circuit configured to receive a radio-frequency (RF) signal and split the RF signal into a first portion and a second portion. The PA system can further include a Doherty amplifier circuit including a carrier amplification path coupled to the input circuit to receive the first portion and a peaking amplification path coupled to the input circuit to receive the second portion. The PA system can further include an output circuit coupled to the Doherty amplifier circuit. The output circuit can include a balance to unbalance (BALUN) circuit configured to combine outputs of the carrier amplification path and the peaking amplification path to yield an amplified RF signal.

Abstract: A mobile radio communication terminal device may include at least one circuit configured to perform a method of processing received digitized signals, the method including determining a plurality of cross-correlation coefficients for the received digitized signal. Each of the plurality of cross-correlation coefficients may be determined by cross-correlating the received digitized signal with a respective candidate mobile radio local reference signal out of a plurality of pre-stored candidate mobile radio local reference signals. The at least one circuit may be further configured to select one or more cross-correlation coefficients from the determined plurality of cross-correlation coefficients and perform a mobile radio cell scan based on one or more of the selected cross-correlation coefficients, thereby determining a mobile radio communication network to connect to.

Abstract: A signal transmitting and receiving method and an apparatus for selecting an interference pattern from a security key and transmitting and receiving a signal based on the selected interference pattern are provided.

Abstract: A wireless device includes a digital-to-analog converter that converts a digital transmission signal within a digital signal processing band to an analog transmission signal, a modulator that performs quadrature modulation of an analog transmission signal obtained by the digital-to-analog converter using a first local signal having a first frequency outside a frequency range, the frequency range centered around a center frequency of a transmission signal and having a bandwidth of the digital signal processing band, and outputs a modulated signal, a frequency converter that performs a frequency shift of a modulated signal output from the modulator using a second local signal having a second frequency within the frequency range, and an inhibitor that performs carrier leakage inhibition processing on the digital transmission signal, based on a signal obtained by the frequency converter.

Abstract: A reverberation suppression device comprises: an echo canceller that removes an echo component included in an input signal; a howling suppressor that detects occurrence of howling based on a frequency characteristic of the input signal from which the echo component has been removed and attenuates a frequency level of a component of the detected howling; and an initial sound suppressor that detects a sound section of the input signal in which the frequency level of the howling component has been attenuated and suppresses a signal value at a sound start portion of the detected sound section.

Abstract: A system and method for receiving a signal, comprising an input adapted to receive a radio frequency signal having a strong interferer; a signal generator, adapted to produce a representation of the interferer as an analog signal generated based on an oversampled digital representation thereof; and a component adapted to cancel the strong interferer from radio frequency signal based on the generated analog signal to produce a modified radio frequency signal substantially absent the interferer. The system typically has a nonlinear component that either saturates or produces distortion from the strong interferer, which is thereby reduced. The system preferably employs high speed circuits which digitize and process radio frequency signals without analog mixers.

Abstract: Provided are a method for determining multi-user channel quality in a mobile communication system, a user terminal and a base station of the present invention. The method includes: in each user terminal, calculating the MU CQIs based on a first feedback template notified from a base station that has control over the user terminal or a second feedback template set by the user terminal and feeding the MU CQIs back to the base station. In the first feedback template or the second feedback template, a feedback ratio of MU CQIs for a plurality of hypothetical interference numbers k are defined, k being an integer larger than 0 and smaller than a maximum number of users schedulable by the base station. According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the accuracy in multi-user MIMO scheduling.

Abstract: A noise elimination device according to the present invention includes a signal separation unit that divides input frequency information generated from an input signal on a time-domain into suppression target band information including a cyclic noise as the main component and intended sound band information including intended sound band information as the main component, a first frequency reverse-conversion unit that converts the suppression target band information into time-domain information and thereby outputs a suppression target signal, a second frequency reverse-conversion unit that converts the intended sound band information into time-domain information and thereby outputs an intended sound signal, and a cyclic noise information storage unit that accumulates the suppression target signal and thereby stores noise history information including information corresponding to at least one cycle of the cyclic noise.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described to detect routes utilized by client computing devices to access anycast points of presence. Multiple anycast points of presence may be associated with an anycast destination address. A client computing device may therefore connect to any of the multiple anycast points of presence, selected based on routing protocols. In some instances, client computing devices may connect to an undesirable point of presence. In order to detect an diagnose undesirable anycast connections, individual point of presence are configured to transmit anycast probes to client computing devices and/or nodes connecting the point of presence and a client computing device. Responses to each probe may be transmitted to the anycast destination address, which may be routed to an originating point of presence or to an alternative point of presence. Resulting data may be used to automatically generate warnings indicating undesirable anycast connections.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are described which determine at least one output value based on at least one input value. The input value is provided to a processing unit, wherein a combination of intermediate values is iteratively calculated. Each intermediate value is calculated during an iteration such that the intermediate value for each iteration is buffered, using a buffer storage. Based on the combination of the buffered intermediate values a storage is accessed, the storage storing a plurality of first output values, each first output value associated with a respective combination of the buffered intermediate values, so that the first output value is output.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for re-interpreting channel state information are provided, which relate generally to wireless communications, and more specifically are directed toward the use of channel state information/channel quality indications in a wireless network. The apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code.