Abstract: A system and a method for multi-modal fusion based fault tolerant video content recognition is disclosed. The method conducts multi-modal recognition on an input video to extract multiple components and their respective appearance time in the video. Next, the multiple components are categorized and recognized respectively via different algorithms. Next, when the recognition confidence of any component is insufficient, a cross-validation with other components is performed to increase the recognition confidence and improve the fault tolerance of the components. Furthermore, when the recognition confidence of an individual component is insufficient, the recognition continues and tracks the component, spatially and temporally when it applies, until frames of high recognition confidence in the continuous time period is reached.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: By firing ionized reactant particles into a solid block of reactant, fusion reactions occur. As these particles are fired longitudinally into a thin sheet of reactant, fusion products are ejected laterally into a series of charged collectors. Unfused reactant ions that prematurely exit the solid reactant are recirculated by electric fields within the invention, boosting efficiency. Through the use of several collectors, charged particles of many energies are efficiently collected and converted to electric potential. The use of a solid sheet of reactant greatly increases the probability of fusion events taking place. The shape of the sheet acts to isolate the incoming reactant ions from the outgoing fusion products. Fusion products are not generally converted to heat by virtue of the small amount of material present in a typical product trajectory. Singly and together, these improvements act to greatly increase the efficiency of the reactor over prior art.

Abstract: A system for labeling video or photographic images on a portable handheld device, such as a camcorder or camera, includes a language interface. The user is prompted through the language interface with a first plurality of first words, each of the first words including a plurality of letters, from which the user selects at least one of the first words. The user is then prompted through the interface with a second plurality of second words, each of the second words including a plurality of letters, from which the user selects at least one of the second words. The selected at least one of the first words and the selected at least one of the second words are combined to create a label relating to subject matter obtained by the portable handheld device. The label is overlaid on or attached to the video clips (digital and analog) or photographic images (digital and film based) depending on the nature of the portable handheld device.

Abstract: A neutron generator tube includes an ion source having at least one anode (6), at least one cathode (7) having at least one extraction port (12), and an accelerator electrode (2) arranged so as to project at least one ion beam from the ion source onto a target (4) to produce thereat a reaction resulting in emission of neutrons. The ion source is arranged on at least a portion of a first surface of revolution (8', 41, 51) and is constructed so as to produce emission of ions radially outwardly from such surface. The accelerator electrode (2) is arranged on at least a portion of a second surface of revolution which surrounds the aforesaid first surface, the target (4) being positioned on at least a portion of a third surface of revolution which surrounds the aforesaid second surface. Increased neutron flux is thereby achieved for a given size generator tube, and for a given neutron flux a significantly reduced ion bombardment density is produced at the target and so achieves extended target life.

Abstract: A sealed neutron tube is set forth, containing a low-pressure gaseous deuterium-tritium mixture wherefrom an ion source (13) forms an ion beam which traverses an acceleration electrode (17) and is projected with high energy onto a target (16) in order to produce therein a fusion reaction which causes an emission of neutrons. In accordance with the invention, the ion source comprises a cold cathode with strictly electrostatic confinement of ionizing electrons; this is achieved by using an anode which is connected to a positive potential and which has a weakly collective surface facing the repulsive surface of the cathode cavity; the anode is arranged along the axis of the cavity in which it is arranged; said cavity constitutes the internal part of the cathode (15) in which the electrons (e.sub.2) which oscillate along very long paths in comparison with the dimensions of the cathode cavity ionize the gas and form an ionized gas wherefrom the ion beam (22) is extracted for standard ion optical device (17).

Abstract: A sealed neutron tube is set forth which contains a low-pressure gaseous deuterium-tritium mixture wherefrom an ion source forms an ionized gas which is guided by a magnetic electron confinement field produced by magnets (8), which source emits the ion beams (3) which traversed an extraction-acceleration electrode (2) and which are projected onto a target (4) so as to produce therein a fusion reaction which causes an emission of electrons. In accordance with the invention, the ion source is of a multi-cell type formed by n Penning-type cells comprising a multi-hole anode (6) which is arranged inside the cathode cavity (7) in order to increase the ion current. The shape and/or the dimensions and/or the position of the multi-hole anode are adapted to the topology of the magnetic field.

Abstract: An irradiator for irradiating lumps of ore, to activate a selected substance in the ore by neutron activation, consists of a cylindrical chamber 10, a vibrated conical base 20 to control passage of the lumps through the chamber 10, and at least one coaxial annular neutron source 30 at one end of the chamber 10. The neutron source 30 is arranged so that all the lumps of ore are activated uniformly.

Abstract: A high energy neutron generator for use in neutron therapy.The generator comprises a source for charged particles (preferably protons) with an energy level equal to at least 15 MeV, a target constituted by at least two lithium deuteride elements, whose thickness is such that under the impact of the charged particles, neutrons with an energy level equal to at least 15 MeV are largely produced in the forward direction, and target cooling means constituted by means for the circulation of a gas which does not chemically react with lithium deuteride. This generator may also comprise a collimator for defining an irradiation field of a patient and a permanent magnet able to deflect the charged particles not absorbed by the target towards a stopping unit positioned in and integrally formed with one wall of the collimator.

Abstract: A nuclear fusion device comprising a condensed phase fuel element and accelerated ion beams which ionize and compress the fuel element and initiate nuclear fusion reactions. In one of the embodiment beams comprising electrons in addition to ions are employed. A method is provided comprising synchronization, acceleration and focusing of the said beams on the fuel target. Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus and method for a continuous nuclear fusion process. Another object is a clean fusion process. A further object of the invention is to provide a neutron generator.

Abstract: A neutron accelerator tube having a replenisher section for supplying accelerator gas, in ionization section adjacent the replenisher section adapted to receive the accelerator gas, and a target section adjacent the ionization section. The target section includes a chamber having a tritium target therein. A cathode member is interposed between the ionization section and the target chamber and has a recessed convergent surface exposed to the target chamber. An aperture in the cathode member at the vortex of this recessed surface provides for the extraction of ionized accelerator gas from the ionization section into the target chamber. An extraction electrode is also located in the target chamber between the target and the cathode and has a divergent projecting surface facing the recessed cathode surface. This electrode has an aperture at the apex of the projecting surface through which ionized accelerator gas may may be directed at the target.