Abstract: Exemplary pellets can be used for magnetic fusion devices for mitigating plasma disruption. In some embodiments, the pellets may be cryogenically cooled that may cause a rise in the electrical conductivity of the pellets. A high conductivity of the pellet can screen out the plasma's magnetic field from the interior of the pellet. The screening out of the plasma's magnetic field can slow the ablation rate of the pellet which may allow for deeper pellet penetration and a better suited spatial profile of deposited material for proper mitigation of the plasma disruption. In some other embodiments, the pellets may not be cryogenically cooled.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein relating to fusion reactors for fusing particles via multiple periodic collisions. A fusion reactor may include a first evacuated region, such as a chamber, with a plurality of charged particles therein. A uniform magnetic field may be applied to the region to radially confine moving charged particles within the region by inducing circular trajectories. Upper and lower electrodes may be positioned on ends of the region to axially confine charged particles within the region. An energizing beam may be pulsed at a cyclotron frequency corresponding to the mass and charge of the particles to cause oscillating periodic collisions of the particles along the beam path as the particles travel in the circular trajectories with increased velocity after each pulse of the energizing beam.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration (FRC) magnetic topology and conversion of fusion product energies directly to electric power. Preferably, plasma ions are magnetically confined in the FRC while plasma electrons are electrostatically confined in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions ions are fused together by the nuclear force, thus forming fusion products that emerge in the form of an annular beam. Energy is removed from the fusion product ions as they spiral past electrodes of an inverse cyclotron converter. Advantageously, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement and energy conversion system include advanced (aneutronic) fuels.

Abstract: A well-logging apparatus may include a charged particle source, a target electrode, and an accelerator column. The accelerator column may include a housing extending between the charged particle source and the target electrode, a series of spaced apart accelerator electrodes carried by the housing, a series of ring-shaped resistors surrounding the housing, and a respective connector coupling adjacent ones of the series of ring-shaped resistors together and to a corresponding one of the series of spaced apart accelerator electrodes.

Abstract: Device for the endogenous production of radioisotopes, particularly for PET, characterized by comprising: a vacuum chamber (1), the inner surface of which at least partially treated to resistion implantation and inertised with respect to the nuclear reaction products,—a pair of electrodes (4, 5) placed inside said vacuum chamber (1),—a capacitor bank (2),—means (3,16) to connect said capacitor bank (2) to said electrodes (4,5) to generate between the latter an electrical discharge, thus generating plasma and creating conditions for the unfolding of nuclear reactions that generate radioisotopes,—an overall inductance of the equivalent electric circuit of such device not exceeding 50 Nh—means (10) attached to said vacuum chamber (1) for the creation of a vacuum not higher than 10?6 torr—means (11) attached to said vacuum chamber (1) for the insertion, after creating the vacuum, of at least one reaction gas at a pressure apt to guarantee creation of the plasma during discharge and subsequent obtainment of confin

Abstract: Among the embodiments of the present invention, are apparatus, systems, and methods for managing energetic charged particles emitted nearly isotropically from a fusion device. One apparatus of the present invention includes a fusion device in a container and an electric current carrying winding disposed about the container to provide a magnetic field to direct charged particles generated by the device. A pair of electric current carrying coils are positioned within the container to control the strength of the magnetic field in a region between these coils, such that effects on fusion plasma can be minimized. In other forms, charged particles provided from a fusion device are directed along a magnetic channel to an energy converter to provide electric power. One such form includes a magnetic expander and an electron-ion separator to provide a net electric current.

Abstract: A plasma thermoelement which is built into the immediate volume of a nuclear fuel mass of a nuclear fuel element is described which comprises a snorkel (12) which is surrounded by a nuclear fuel mass (14) which in turn is surrounded by a cladding (16). Both the exit end of the snorkel and the cladding are connected electrically only via an external load. The nuclear fuel mass is formed from a multitude of the ceramic nuclear fuel microspheres (24). The use of plasma as high-temperature conductor of thermoelement permits to increase conversion efficiency and decrease mass of conversion system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for maintaining a steady-state current in a toroidal magnetically confined plasma. An electric current is generated in an edge region at or near the outermost good magnetic surface of the toroidal plasma. The edge current is generated in a direction parallel to the flow of current in the main plasma and such that its current density is greater than the average density of the main plasma current. The current flow in the edge region is maintained in a direction parallel to the main current for a period of one or two of its characteristic decay times. Current from the edge region will penetrate radially into the plasma and augment the main plasma current through the mechanism of anomalous viscosity.In another aspect of the invention, current flow driven between a cathode and an anode is used to establish a start-up plasma current.

Abstract: The present invention is a nuclear fusion reactor serving to contain a totally organized tritium-deuterium plasma by guiding the self-bombarding particles in a resonating path of a particular wavelength and frequency, similar to a radio wave. Under these conditions the electrons tend to remain cooler, which reduces plasma radiation energy losses. Energy may be added to the plasma by axially distributed oscillators of the proper frequency, raising the plasma to ignition temperature and densities. Finally the ignited plasma directs its high energy neutrons into strategically located lithium blankets and the ionic energy levels are controlled by causing the plasma to generate an alternating electric current. Various types of alternate fusion reactions are briefly considered.

Abstract: A fusion reaction system wherein a compressed spiral beam of electrons forms a cylindrical electron sheath and wherein oppositely directed cylindrical beams of fusible ions are projected through said electron sheath and are forced into a common thin cylindrical path located where the potential gradient in electron sheath is minimum.

Abstract: An Elmo bumpy square (EBS) plasma confinement device is provided by four linear sections formed of a plurality of series connected magnetic mirror confinement segments linked by four 90.degree. sections. Each 90.degree. section is formed of toroidal solenoid-type confinement windings which produce a strong curved solenoidal-type magnet field. Each magnetic mirror segment includes axisymmetric mirror field windings coupled with microwave cavities to form a linear axisymmetric bumpy magnet field, for confinement of a plasma. As in a conventional Elmo bumpy torus, each microwave cavity contains a high-beta, relativistic electron plasma ring which rotates about the confined plasma to provide magnetohydrodynamic stability of the plasma. The electron plasma ring is formed and maintained by microwave heating through the introduction of microwave energy at a specified frequency into each cavity. The 90.degree.