Abstract: There is a need to provide a solid-state imaging apparatus capable of highly accurately analog-to-digital converting an analog voltage output from a pixel circuit. The solid-state imaging apparatus supplies a counter code to an integral A/D converter. The counter code CD includes 3-phase clock signals and gray signals. The clock signals each have a cycle equal to specified cycle multiplied by 8 and allow phases to shift from each other by specified cycle. The gray signals linearly increase count values at a cycle equal to specified cycle multiplied by 4. The counter code reverses only the logical level of a signal when a count value changes. A count value error can be limited to a minimum.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a time/wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWPON), which has an optical splitter (21) and a waveguide grating router (WGR) (22) disposed at a remote node (RN) (20). The optical splitter (21) and the WGR (22) can be connected in a cascade or in a parallel such that the present invention can use less number of wavelengths to increase transmission capacity or increase the number of users. A channel fault monitoring (CFM) module provided at an optical line terminal (OLT) is utilized to locate fiber breaks among distribution fibers. The TWPON of the present invention can provide TDM-PON, WDM-PON, and Hybrid PON co-existing platform with less wavelengths channel fault monitoring mechanism.

Abstract: A storing unit stores traveling history information items on a vehicle, the traveling history information items being respectively associated with trips each being a segment from a start of a driving operation to an end of the driving operation. A determination unit determines whether to assign one of the traveling history information items, which is stored in the storing unit and associated with one trip, to a predetermined period, the one trip being partially included in the predetermined period. A driving operation diagnostic unit diagnoses a driving operation of a driver in the predetermined period according to the traveling history information item determined by the determination unit to be assigned to the predetermined period.

Abstract: A method of limiting read/write access of information stored on an electronic trip unit is disclosed. The method includes requesting a valid password on one of a communication port of the electronic trip unit and a display device of the electronic trip unit, receiving a password at a processor of the electronic trip unit in response to the request, determining if the received password is valid based on password information stored on a memory of the electronic trip unit, and limiting read/write access of information stored on the electronic trip unit based on the determination.

Abstract: In a method for transferring data from a tachograph (1) onto a smartcard (3), the smartcard (3) is moved out of and back into the tachograph (1) by an electromotive drive (8) as a function of stipulated conditions. In the process, spring contacts (6) of the tachograph (1) rub over contact areas (5) of the smartcard (3) and remove any dirt which may be present. The conditions for starting the electromotive drive (8) and the intended operation of the electromotive drive (8) are stored in a memory (10) of an electronic control device (9).

Abstract: A speedometer includes a function storage device, which has stored therein four conversion functions, a selector, which provides four options corresponding to the four conversion functions in the function storage device, and a microprocessor, which counts pulse signals sent by the sensor device of the motor vehicle to obtain a counted total value, selects the corresponding conversion function from the function storage device corresponding to the option selected through the selector according to the quantity of poles (two, four, eight or sixteen) on the drive shaft of the motor vehicle, and puts the counted total value into the selected conversion function for calculation to obtain a car speed value.

Abstract: A self-powered tire revolution counter includes a motion sensitive power generation mechanism, a power conditioner, a pulse detector, a microcontroller, and, optionally, a radio frequency (RF) transmitting device. In one exemplary embodiment, the power generation mechanism corresponds to a piezoelectric patch that, during movement, provides both operating electrical power and pulsed signals indicative of tire rotation. The power conditioner receives a generator signal from the power generation mechanism and produces a conditioned output voltage that can be used to power associated electronic devices, including the microcontroller. The pulse detector receives the generator signal and produces a detection signal whenever the generator signal meets a predetermined condition. The microcontroller is programmed to determine current and lifetime-accumulated values of selected pulse indications in the detection signal that meet predetermined criteria.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for counting wheel revolutions are provided that include a wheel-hub mountable odometer comprising an accelerometer comprising sensor means for sensing force, wherein the sensor means are operable to sense a force acting thereon and generate an electrical signal representative of said force. Further an electronic control system is provided comprising a microcontroller and power source, the microcontroller comprising electronic filtering means for attenuating irregularities in the signal from the sensor means and computing a wheel revolution count based on said attenuated signal, and output means for communicating the wheel revolution count. The accelerometer preferably comprises a dual axis electronic accelerometer with no internally rotating parts. Further, the output means preferably comprises at least one of a display means, an IR communication system, or a RF communications system.

Abstract: An axle assembly includes an axle defining an axis, a wheel assembly rotatably supported on the axle for rotating relative to the axle axis, a magnet, a sensor responsive to the magnet for producing a count signal, and a microprocessor for receiving count signal data, calculating the distance the wheel assembly has traveled, and transmitting distance data to an output device. The sensor is mounted to rotate with the wheel assembly and the magnet is mounted to the axle, at a position eccentric to or radially offset from the axle axis. The sensor is mounted to the wheel assembly in radial alignment with the magnet such that rotation of the wheel assembly aligns the sensor for magnetic interaction with or responsiveness to the magnet once per revolution of the wheel assembly.

Abstract: The rotation of a pneumatic tire is monitored by a self powered tire revolution counter. A piezoelectric (“piezol”) element is mounted in the tire in a manner so as to be subjected to periodic mechanical stresses as the tire rotates and to provide periodic pulses in response thereto. The output of the piezo element is utilized by revolution counting circuitry to count rotations of the tire, as well as by power circuitry to power the revolution counting circuitry.

Abstract: A golf-cart speedometer/odometer has a rotation-mark collar (1) on a cart-wheel rim (2) that signals rotation to a rotation sensor (4) on a housing extension (5) from a cart-axle housing (6). Measurement of rotation of the rotation-mark collar from rotation of the cart-wheel rim is communicated electrically from the rotation sensor to a readout console (8) having a speedometer (10), a resettable long-distance odometer (11) in metric or English and a resettable short-distance odometer (12) in metric or English readout. Rotation-marking of the rotation-mark collar is preferably with a plurality of magnets (3). Optionally, the rotation-marking of the rotation-mark collar can utilize a plurality of four magnetic-material markers for a rotation-sensor magnet to decrease magnetic field that could damage computers or medical equipment in the vicinity. Further optional, the rotation-marking of the rotation-mark collar can utilize a plurality of four mechanical trippers (31) and trippets (32).