Abstract: An x-ray diffraction-based scanning method and system are described. The method includes screening for a particular substance in a container at a transportation center using a flat panel detector having a photoconductor x-ray conversion layer to detect x-rays diffracted by a particular substance in the container. The diffracted x-rays may be characterized in different ways, for examples, by wavelength dispersive diffraction and energy dispersive diffraction.

Abstract: A scanning system for scanning and identifying an X-ray film in a medical application includes a scanner configured to accept the X-ray film and provide an image digital signal representative of an image stored on the X-ray film, wherein the X-ray film includes an image portion and a text portion, and a computer configured to accept the image digital signal and convert text characters of the text portion into a text digital signal representative of the text characters. Optical character recognition software may be utilized to recognize and convert the text characters of an image signal into the digital signal. The scanning system may create a reflective label such as a bar code label or a text label that may be affixed to an associated X-ray film to aid in identification of such X-ray.

Abstract: A radiation scanning system comprises a radiation source and a radiation detector that are proximate a crane system that moves objects between the source and the detector for scanning. The source and/or detector may be supported by the crane system or may be near to the crane system. Preferably, the source and detector are supported by the crane system or they are within a profile defined by the crane system. The radiation scanning system is particularly suited to scan cargo conveyances, such as sea cargo conveyances, as they are being removed from or loaded onto a ship. Methods of examining objects are disclosed, as well.

Abstract: A method for producing an image in a x-ray imaging system is provided. The x-ray imaging system includes an x-ray source which projects an x-ray beam collimated by a collimation assembly to pass through an object and impinge on an x-ray receptor to produce the image. The method includes rotating the collimation assembly about a focal point while the x-ray source is substantially fixed and producing x-rays. The method further includes adjusting the position of the x-ray receptor during rotation of the collimation assembly to receive the x-ray beam.

Abstract: An apparatus for recording a 2D image of an object comprises a plurality of 1D detector units, each exposed to ionizing radiation, as transmitted through or scattered off the object, and being arranged for 1D imaging of the radiation, to which it is exposed. The detector units are distributed in an array such that the 1D images of the radiation from the detector units are distributed over a substantial portion of the 2D image. The apparatus includes a device for moving the detector units relative the object while the detector units repeatedly detect to create the 2D image of the object; and a control device for controlling the detector units to detect ionizing radiation during a short period of time before or during an initial part of the movement; calculating an optimum exposure time for the repeated detection based on the short period of time detection; and controlling the repeated detection to automatically obtain the optimum exposure time.

Abstract: Improved image reconstruction methods for cone beam ROI (region of interest) imaging of long objects with an area detector using a two or more circular scans and a connecting line scan, wherein essentially the entire detector area is utilized for acquiring cone beam data for all source positions.

Abstract: Radiation image information is read from a stimulable phosphor sheet by line sensors and corrected for shading by a shading corrector. Thereafter, the radiation image information is corrected for sharpness independently in main and auxiliary directions by a sharpness corrector using spatial filters which are selected from a spatial filter memory by a spatial filter selector according to recording or reading conditions.

Abstract: An X-ray beam transmitted through an object is transmitted through a grid, which has been moved to the X-ray irradiation position, and reaches a panel sensor after scattered X-rays are removed by the grid. Image processing is done on the basis of a reduced image input from the panel sensor. As the reduced image, an image reduced to ⅛ the image output from the panel sensor in both the vertical and horizontal directions is used, and the image is binarized by a predetermined threshold value. Noise of the binary image is removed by an opening filter, and lines of the noise-removed image are scanned in the x- and y-directions to form a list of scan start and end points. The average values of these points are calculated to determine an irradiated region. By extracting an image of the irradiated region from the panel sensor, fluoroscopic image observation and still image photographing are efficiently done using a panel sensor with a large photographing frame.

Abstract: An X-ray CT scanner having an X-ray tube for radiating X-rays to a subject, an X-ray detector for detecting X-rays that have penetrated the subject, a circular plate-like rotary member with an opening for insertion of a subject and having the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector mounted thereon at opposing positions with respect to the opening, a support for rotatably supporting the rotary member, and a rotary drive for rotating the rotary member around the subject. The X-ray and the X-ray detector are mounted on a side surface of the rotary member, the side surface being a unit mounting surface for mounting a control unit relating to at least one of generation and detection of the X-rays.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a method for controlling a computed tomography scanner for producing projections of a measurement object is proposed, in which the projections are used to create images of the measurement object. The method has comprises specifying a set-point value (&sgr;set-point) for a factor (&sgr;(I)) that is characteristic of a quality of the projections to be produced by the computed tomography scanner; determining an actual value of the factor (&sgr;(I)) that is characteristic of the quality of the particular projection produced by the computed tomography scanner between the productions of successive projections; and regulating the primary intensity (I0) of an X-ray source of the computed tomography scanner, between the productions of successive projections, such that the actual value for the characteristic factor (&sgr;(I)) of each of the projections produced by the computed tomography scanner is kept at the specified set-point value (&sgr;set-point) .

Abstract: An X-ray CT scanner includes an X-ray tube which irradiates an object, a variable X-ray limiting device which limits the X-ray beam thickness, an X-ray detector which detects X rays transmitted through the object and has a plurality of detecting elements arrayed in a matrix manner, a storing unit which stores a plurality of calibration data files corresponding to a plurality of beam thicknesses, a correcting unit which corrects an output from the X-ray detector on the basis of at least one calibration data file read out from the storing unit, a reconstructing unit which reconstructs image data concerning the object on the basis of an output from the correcting unit, and a control unit which controls the variable X-ray limiting device to change the beam thickness of the X rays, independently of the beam thicknesses to which the calibration data files stored correspond.

Abstract: An x-ray shielding system includes a beam controller configured to surround an x-ray source and includes a detector shield configured to position behind an x-ray detector. The beam controller includes a source shield and an aperture. The source shield and the detector shield are adapted to block x-rays, and the aperture is adapted to transmit x-rays. A shielded digital radiographic inspection system includes the x-ray source and the beam controller surrounding the x-ray source. The beam controller includes the source shield and the aperture. The aperture is configured to rotate around the x-ray source. The inspection system further includes a digital x-ray detector positioned radially outward from the x-ray source and facing the aperture. The digital x-ray detector is configured to be movable along an orbit around the x-ray source. The inspection system further includes the detector shield configured to be movable with and positioned behind the digital x-ray detector.

Abstract: A method and system for reconstructing an x-ray image from a partial orbit through the use of a “virtual” fan angle. The virtual fan angle is determined based upon the range of angular positions spanned by a source in a CT instrument or a selected smaller angle. Exposure data is obtained and he virtual fan angle is used to weight the exposure data. Image reconstruction can then proceed using the weighted exposure data. The described methods and system also function for data collected over a complete orbit.

Abstract: A combined imaging plate scanning and erasing system, comprising: (a) a housing; (b) an imaging plate cassette infeed assembly positioned within the housing, the maging plate cassette infeed assembly comprising: (i) a mechanism to pull an imaging plate cassette into the housing; (ii) a mechanism to open the imaging plate cassette; and (iii) a mechanism to remove an imaging plate from the cassette; (c) a scanner positioned within the housing; (d) a curved path erasing assembly positioned between the imaging plate infeed assembly and the scanner; and (e) an imaging plate transportation assembly to move the imaging plate back and forth in a path extending from the imaging plate cassette, past the erasing assembly and through a scan area adjacent to the scanner.

Abstract: An X-ray image reader including a plurality of read heads and a scan drive device for scanning an X-ray image-storing member by moving the read heads is disclosed. The X-ray image reader has a multi head mode in which a read processing of an X-ray image held on the X-ray image storing member is performed by using at least two of the read heads, and a single head mode in which a read processing of an X-ray image held on the X-ray image storing member is performed by using only one of the read heads. The multi head mode is selected when a high-speed measurement is requested and the single head mode is selected when precise measurement is requested.

Abstract: A synchronized moving radiation shield apparatus includes at least one shielding block disposed under a radiation pathway of a radiation therapy unit in such a manner that a radiation field is formed with the shielding block, wherein an affected portion of a person is exposed to radiation through the radiation field while radiation therapy of a portion, other than the affected portion, of the person, is shielded by the shielding block. The apparatus further includes a movable portion for movably holding the shielding block while not blocking the passing of radiation through the radiation field; drive means, connected to the movable portion, for moving the radiation field to a specific position; and control means for controlling the drive means in such a manner that the radiation field is movable in matching to a variation in position of the affected portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for planar beam radiography comprises an ionizing radiation source and an ionizing radiation detector; the ionizing radiation source being line-like and extending substantially in a first direction; and the ionizing radiation comprising an elongated radiation slit entrance extending substantially in a second direction and being arranged for one-dimensional detection of radiation from the radiation source entering the detector through the radiation slit entrance. According to the present invention the radiation source and the radiation dectector are oriented such that the first and second directions are essentially perpendicular. Hereby,a facilitated alignment of the detector with respect to source is achieved.

Abstract: The invention involves a radiological image detection system capable of cooperating with a scanning X-ray generator (10) designed to produce X-ray radiation (1) scanning a surface (2) to be imaged. The scanning X-ray radiation (1) irradiates, portion (2′) after portion, the surface (2) to be imaged. The X-ray radiation from a portion (2′) carries a radiological image of said portion. The detection system comprises an image sensor (22, 52) which is stationary with respect to the scanning and which is dimensioned so as to be able to acquire an image of the entire surface (2) to be imaged by the X-ray radiation from the portions (2′). In addition, it comprises means (24, 240) for limiting, at a given time, the acquisition of the image sensor (22, 52) to that of the image of the portion (2′) irradiated at that time, these limitation means being in synchronism with the scanning and in geometrical correspondence with the irradiated portion (2′).

Abstract: A tomographic apparatus for constructing a two-dimensional image of a cut (35) through an object comprises a source (3) for providing a planar beam of radiation so that the beam passes through said object, and thus defines said cut; a detector (9) positioned opposite said source and aligned therewith for detecting the radiation not absorbed or scattered by said object; an arrangement for causing relative movement, between said object and said source and detector combination about an axis of rotation (44) that is perpendicular to said cut through said object; a reconstruction device (39) coupled to said detector for performing a reconstruction process based upon non-absorbed and non-scattered radiation detected by said detector at a plurality of different relative positions between said object and said source and detector combination as reached by said movement causing arrangement, wherein said reconstruction device converts values of non-absorbed and non-scattered radiation into values of absorbed radiation i

Abstract: An X-ray exposure apparatus has a plasma X-ray source for generating X-rays by producing a plasma, and a collimator for converging X-rays that diverge from the X-ray source and reducing a global divergence angle to irradiate a mask with the X-rays. A local convergence angle as seen from one point on the mask is changed by moving the position or angle of the collimator in a direction perpendicular or parallel to the axis of the collimator. The pattern on the mask is transferred to a wafer using X-rays having a convergence angle thus controlled. As a result, controllable parameters are increased and a more suitable resist pattern can be obtained. In addition, process tolerance in terms of exposing finer patterns is improved.

Abstract: An inspection system is for inspecting an object with penetrating radiation. A source of penetrating radiation provides a beam of radiation. The beam alternates between a first beam shape and a second beam shape, the first and second beam shapes being coplanar. A first detector arrangement is for detecting penetrating radiation from a portion of the beam transmitted through the object and generating a transmitted radiation signal. A second detector arrangement is for detecting penetrating radiation from a portion of the beam scattered by the object and generating a scattered radiation signal. A processor determines at least one characteristic of the object based at least on the transmitted and scattered radiation signals.

Abstract: In generation of combined image data from first and second scans of an image, artifacts caused by motion between the first and second scans are reduced. Digital pixel data for the first and second scans are stored. A translational second scan is generated using the first and second scans, the translational second scan having new digital pixel data which compensates for motion artifacts between the first and second scans. The combined image data is generated by combining the digital pixel data of the first scan with the new digital pixel data of the translational second scan, with the translational second scan being weighted before it is summed with the digital pixel data of the first scan.

Abstract: The invention concerns an illumination system, particularly for microlithography with wavelengths ≦193 nm, comprising a light source, a first optical component, a second optical component, an image plane and an exit pupil. The first optical component transforms the light source into a plurality of secondary light sources being imaged by the second optical component in said exit pupil. The first optical component comprises a first optical element having a plurality of first raster elements, which are imaged into said image plane producing a plurality of images being superimposed at least partially on a field in said image plane. The first raster elements deflect incoming ray bundles with first deflection angles, wherein at least two of the first deflection angles are different. The first raster elements are preferably rectangular, wherein the field is a segment of an annulus.

Abstract: The invention concerns an illumination system for wavelengths (193 nm, particularly for EUV lithography with at least one light source, which has an illumination A in one surface; at least one device for producing secondary light sources; at least one mirror or lens device, comprising at least one mirror or one lens, which is (are) divided into raster elements; one or more optical elements, which are arranged between the mirror or lens device that comprises at least one mirror or one lens, which is (are) divided into raster elements, and the reticle plane, wherein the optical elements image the secondary light sources in the exit pupil of the illumination system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a scanned-slot x-ray imaging system, having a first collimator and a second collimator arranged in a first distance (a) and a second distance (b), respectively, from a radiation source and each provided with a slot and a detector located under the second collimator slot, said slot of said second collimator being wider than the said slot of said first collimator and said detector under the second slot is wider than the first collimator slot and the second collimator slot. The slot of said second collimator has a width (y′) not less than a safety margin and the product of the width (x) of the slot of said first collimator and said second distance (b) divided with the said first distance (a) for allowing a misalignment with respect to a central symmetry line of said slots.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a scanned beam of penetrating radiation. A beam of particles illuminates a portion of a target, the illuminated portion comprising a focal spot having a centroid. Illumination of the target creates a beam of penetrating radiation such as x-rays. The beam of particles is swept across the target in such a manner that the centroid of the focal spot lies on a line defined by the instantaneous direction of the beam of penetrating radiation as defined, in turn, by a collimating path.

Abstract: A computerized tomography system includes a stationary section (A) and a rotating section electrically linked by at least one interconnecting slip ring (D). On one side the slip ring (D) is configured as a series of electrically conductive segments (20A-20H) separated by non-conductive interruptions (22A-22H). On the other side a like number of transmitters (26A-26H) is in selective electrical contact with the conductive segments (20) depending on a position of the rotating frame. Also included is a de-multiplexer (40) which takes image data from the plurality of receivers (RxA-RxH) and rearranges the image data in a determined sequence. Also shown is an angular encoder (46) for providing angular displacement signals (44) to the de-multiplexer (40) for assistance in reconstructing the data channels (30) in the determined sequence.

Abstract: When an exposure shot region cannot converge to a predetermined focus precision while a substrate is scanned, the exposure shot is determined as an error. A wafer stage controller (101) for controlling a shot beam from a pulse laser source (116) stops emission of the pulse laser source (116) if a non-exposure focus error is determined, and executes forced exposure to completely expose the remaining portion of the exposure shot region if an exposure abort focus error is determined.

Abstract: A radiation source and a radiation detector are located with an object intervening therebetween. A set of radiation blocking plates, each of which has at least one slit, are located between the radiation source and the radiation detector such that the object intervenes between the radiation blocking plates, and such that the slits of the radiation blocking plates are aligned in a straight line with the radiation source. The set of the radiation blocking plates are shifted stepwise in a direction along which radiation having been produced by the radiation source scans the object, such that the state in which the slits of the radiation blocking plates and the radiation source are aligned with one another in the straight line is kept. After each step of the shifting, the radiation source, the set of the radiation blocking plates, and the radiation detector are rotated around the object. Radiation image patterns of the object are recorded during the rotation.

Abstract: A non-destructive inspection apparatus has a radiation source, a radiation detector, a radiation source diver, a detector driver, a drive controller, a delay circuit, a radiation signal processing circuit, a memory, a computer, a display device, and an input device. The radiation detector consists of one-dimensional or two-dimensional array of detectors having a long collimator whose pores are in parallel with the radiation angle of the radiation emitted in an angular pattern from the radiation source, whereby a transmission image of a large size structure can be obtained at high speed and with a high resolution. Furthermore, the detect position in an inspection object can be specified by analyzing a plurality of specified transmission images using the inspection apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tomographic apparatus (100; 200; 300) wherein a camera (10) is provided with a converging collimator (120; 220; 320), and wherein a planar radiation beam makes a scanning movement to move an elongate illumination pattern (125; 225; 325) over the camera (10). In a first embodiment the collimator (120) is a fan beam collimator, and the radiation source (150) is a line-shaped radiation source which is rotatable about its longitudinal axis. In a second embodiment the collimator (220) is a fan beam collimator, and the radiation source (250) is a point-shaped radiation source which is movable along the convergence line (221) of the collimator (220). In a third embodiment the collimator (320) is a cone beam collimator, and the radiation source (350) is a point-shaped radiation source which is rotatable about an axis of rotation (357) which intersects the convergence point (321) of the collimator (320).

Abstract: In a synchrotron radiation light transmission system, a mirror is disposed in a mirror box for reflecting synchrotron radiation light, the mirror box being formed with an incoming opening and an outgoing opening through which the synchrotron radiation light having a horizontally elongated cross section passes. A swinging mechanism supports the mirror so as to allow the synchrotron radiation light entered the mirror box via the incoming opening to be reflected by the mirror and to change a travelling direction in a vertical plane and for swinging the mirror to change a change angle of the travelling direction. The swing axis is on a cross line, or on its extension, between an incidence plane of the synchrotron radiation light and a tangential plane of the mirror at a reflection point and also on an incidence side of the synchrotron radiation light from the reflection point.

Abstract: A detection system for detecting sheets of material includes a device for moving along a path a container which can harbor a sheet of material sought to be detected; an X-ray scanner having a beam for scanning across the path of the container through a predetermined angle and a device for moving the scanner to shift the origin of the scanning beam to align during at least a portion of the scan the scanning beam with the sheet for producing a high projected density contrasted with its surroundings.

Abstract: A dual beam modulator (10) includes a rotatable cylinder (12) having annular walls (14, 15) and a set of a plurality of discrete chordal passages (18) extending through the walls between opposing holes in the outer surface of cylinder walls (14, 15). Each of the passages (18) is spaced radially about each of the walls (14, 15) and longitudinally in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder (12) for producing, in response to an incident fan beam of radiation (30), a series of discrete pencil beams (28) as the cylinder (12) rotates. The cylinder (12) further has reduced radius sections (16, 17) on the outer surface of the walls (14, 15) for periodically passing the incident fan beam (30) alternately with the series of pencil beams (28) as the cylinder (12) rotates.

Abstract: In a computed tomography apparatus, and a method for operating same, for obtaining cardiac images, a spiral scan of a measurement volume containing a patient's heart is conducted, the production of the scanning data during the spiral scanning being synchronized with an ECG signal from the patient, in order to produce a graphic representation of the examination volume, and thus an image of the patient's heart. The ECG signal is employed to control the generation of the data during the spiral scanning at phase of the cardiac cycle wherein minimum movement of the heart takes place. The chronological correlation between the recording of the scanning data and the ECG signal is fixed, so that within each number of successive time intervals, a dataset is obtained completely within that time interval. The datasets from the successive time intervals are then combined to produce an image of the heart.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to permit digital capture of images from both transmissive and reflective media. A laser or other source of excitation radiation is coupled to a mounting surface to be in optical communication with a reading window when installed on a scanner. A rear casing is coupled to the monitoring surface to engage a housing of a scanner, the housing defining the reading window.

Abstract: A system and method for providing remote viewing and analysis of diagnostic images is provided by the present invention. Electronic diagnostic imaging equipment receives raw data from an operator, and means responsive to the raw data translates the data into scanner commands to acquire a scan. A remote terminal is adapted to receive the raw data and scan data, and to reproduce and manipulate images represented by the received data. In accordance with the present invention, these steps and functions can be rapidly achieved, so that the maximum amount of existing data required for image quality issue analysis is available.

Abstract: The invention concerns an illumination system for wavelengths ≦193 nm, particularly for EUV lithography, with at least one light source, which has an illumination A in a predetermined surface; at least one device for producing secondary light sources; at least one mirror or lens device comprising at least one mirror or one lens, which is or are organized into raster elements; one or more optical elements, which are arranged between the mirror or lens device comprising at least one mirror or one lens, which is or are organized into raster elements and the reticle plane, whereby the optical elements image the secondary light sources in the exit pupil of the illumination system.

Abstract: An X-ray computed tomography apparatus having a two-dimensional detector allows X-ray shadowgraphs to be alternatively produced with using one or several detector rows. For this purpose, a slot diaphragm near the tube and a slot diaphragm near the detector are provided. For the superposition of the shadowgraphs of the individual detector rows, an on-line computing method is used that includes a deblurring filter for the reduction of image blurring due to table motion, and a method for scatter radiation correction in a multirow or matrix detector.

Abstract: A direct-heated flat emitter for generating a homogenous electron beam, particularly for x-ray tubes, has two terminal lugs for the heating current supply formed at the edge of the perimeter of the emission surface and the emission surface is subdivided into interconnects by slits. The slits have a width no less than 10 .mu.m and no greater than 1% of the length of a diagonal of the smallest rectangle which can circumscribe the emission surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system that reduces the complexity of existing dual energy x-ray equipment which typically requires more complicated mechanisms to measure bone density, to a system with a single axis of mechanical motion and with a patient providing repositioning motions. This configuration allows for a much more compact design and smaller equipment "footprint," thus taking up less floor space in examination rooms and allowing for multiple uses of one room. The system of the present invention eliminates the need for a patient support table which can affect x-ray transmission because of the thickness and construction of the table which are dictated by the weight of the patient. The system includes a main cabinet or gantry enclosure which contains an x-ray source and ancillary support electronics and mechanisms. An extension arm positions a detector assembly on a side of the patient opposite to the source assembly and fixes the distance between the source and detector assemblies.

Abstract: A scanning densitometer provides transverse scanning of the patient with a small angle fan beam to significantly reduce parallax and image overlap blurring. Additional reduction of artifacts in the region of combined scans is obtained by a varying overlap of the scans when they are merged determined by a best matching of an identified structure within the scan. The matching process which reveals an ideal overlap provides height data of the structure allowing correction of magnification for structures which change in height within the patient over the scan.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for producing X-ray tomograms of the jaw and skull of a patient, a detector arrangement having at least one x-ray detector is provided. The radiation-sensitive area of the detector is a sub-area of the total detector area required for the subject exposure. The image exposure ensues in a number of chronologically separate sections in which, following a first sub-exposure, the detector arrangement is displaced along the longitudinal axis and/or the transverse axis of the detector surface and the diaphragm aperture of the primary diaphragm associated with the x-ray source is simultaneously correspondingly adapted so that the position of the x-ray beam is shifted so that it still strikes the detector appropriately after the detector is displaced.

Abstract: A method of calibrating an ultrasound bone analysis apparatus having a pair of transducer assemblies. Each transducer assembly has a transducer and a coupling pad, and is movable relative to the other so that a face of each pad can be moved to a position in which they mutually contact and to a position where the faces contact body parts. The method according to the present application includes transmitting an ultrasound signal from one transducer and receiving a signal corresponding to the transmitted ultrasound signal through the other transducer when the transducer assemblies are in the first position and the second position. A time for the ultrasound signal to pass through the body part is determined, and a width of the body part based on positions of the transducers is determined. Then, using the time and width values a speed of sound of the ultrasound signal passing through the body part with squish compensation is calculated.

Abstract: A high resolution radiographic imaging device for medical or industrial radiography includes at least one ionizing particles detector equipped with at least one gas chamber provided with a window for the lateral or frontal inlet of the illumination beam. A first, a second and a third flat electrode are placed in parallel with one another in order to form a conversion space and a amplification space with the distance separating the second and third electrodes being less than 200 .mu.m and the amplitude ratio of the electrical fields created between the second and third electrodes and the first and second electrodes being greater than 10.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus for projecting radiation light from a synchrotron radiation source to an object to be illuminated. The apparatus includes at least one set of flat surface mirrors disposed along a synchrotron radiation orbital plane and opposed to each other with a principal ray interposed therebetween and also disposed in two stages with respect to a direction of the principal ray. A first-stage flat surface mirror of the flat surface mirrors receives radiation light, emitted from the radiation source along the synchrotron radiation orbital plane, and reflects the same toward a second-stage flat surface mirror of the flat surface mirrors, which opposes the first-stage mirror with the principal ray direction interposed therebetween. At least one projection mirror receives radiation light from the flat surface mirrors and reflects and projects the same toward the object to illuminate it.

Abstract: An improved imaging system produces consistent, high resolution digital images of a region of interest within a patient's breast by optimizing the modulation transfer function of the system. The system includes an array of detector elements and a source, positioned in opposing relation to the detector element array, for transmitting an imaging signal to the detector array with the region of interest positioned therebetween such that the detector array receives the imaging signal. The array is configured for scanning movement such that imaging data is detected and accumulated within the elements of the array during the movement. The detector array is further configured for reading out a portion of the accumulated data in response to a drive input and for internally shifting the accumulated imaging data in response to a shifting signal.

Abstract: The disclosed CT scanner includes an X-ray source and an array of X-ray detectors fixed to a reduced geometry disk which is supported for rotation about an isocenter of the disk. The X-ray source is a reduced power source and a beam hardening filter of reduced size is positioned proximal to the X-ray source so the scanner uses a relatively soft X-ray beam. The scanner further includes circuitry for compensating for non-linearities and channel-to-channel variation in the X-ray detectors.

Abstract: A side-by-side x-ray detector provides dual energy measurements in a scanned configuration where high and low energy detector elements are interspersed. Alternating high and low energy detector elements in both row and column allows for interpolation and time and space providing virtual measurements at identical times and locations reducing image artifacts and errors caused by edges in the image. The resulting detector may be suitable for a variety of imaging applications including medical densitometry and baggage scanning.

Abstract: A scanning radiographic densitometer constructs a broad area, two dimensional projection image from a combination of a set of smaller fan beam scans by tilting the axis of each such smaller scan to construct an effective larger fan beam to reduce artifacts caused by height dependant overlap of the multiple fan beams. The data is projected to a non-planar image surface to eliminate local area distortion such as may cause error in density measurements and to permit some overlap without height sensitive effects.