Abstract: A crystal holder for use with photorefractive crystals comprises a horizontal rotatable planar member on which is mounted a crystal, such that the axis of rotation of the planar member lies on a face of the crystal on which a beam of light impinges. In a preferred embodiment, the crystal may be moved such that the axis of rotation continues to lie on the face of the crystal over at least a substantial portion of the face. The crystal holders of this invention are useful, for example, in phase conjugate mirrors.

Abstract: A gamma camera is provide, that can be used to measure the coefficient of attenuation of the gamma radiation in a body studied by means of a gamma camera normally made to study the effects of gamma radiation emitted by markers injected into the body. To this end, the collimator is removed from this gamma camera, and it is replaced by a ring and by an arm to which there is fixed a chamber designed to contain a radioactive point source external to the body. It is shown that it is thus possible to obtain images in transmission very swiftly. These images are useful for the correction of normal emission images.

Abstract: An x-ray diagnostics installation for peripheral angiography examinations includes a control unit having an arithmetic unit that, on the basis of subject-related data supplied thereto, effects a pre-setting of the electrical parameters of the installation required for every exposure, plus the step length and the number of steps of the relative adjustment of the exposure unit and the patient support relative to one another, as well as the required diaphragm setting. By virtue of the pre-setting, stress on the patient is reduced, and since the overall time per examination is also reduced, patient throughput can be increased.

Abstract: A linear accelerator having an X-ray head for emanating X-rays and a CT scanner are provided opposite to each other. The X-ray head is provided to be rotated about a horizontal axis, and such that the X-rays intersect the horizontal axis at an isocenter. A treatment couch is movably mounted on a base. After CT scanning, the treatment couch is moved onto a turntable beneath the X-ray head of the linear accelerator by the base, so that an affected part of a patient, of which position is stored in a memory at CT scanning, may coincide with the isocenter in accordance with the stored position.

Abstract: A mammography system with a variable angle, rearwardly tilting mammograph adjustable to individual, standing or sitting patients in forwardly leaning posture to maximize breast tissue exposure to the mammograph by gravity. The invention covers both the mammograph machine and the mammography method.

Abstract: A mobile radiology machine that meets anti-toppling standards is made by limiting the unfolding of the structure that holds the X-ray tube, so that this unfolding occurs as a function of the angle of orientation of this structure about a vertical axis of exploration. It is shown that, under these conditions, it is possible to obtain satisfactory operation from a mobile radiology machine that weighs less and can be moved, if necessary, without the use of motors.

Abstract: In order to compensate offsets in an X-ray irradiated field, an X-ray diagnostic system comprises: an X-ray source including a movable X-ray diaphram unit; an X-ray camera unit for radiographing a patient as an object; a holding means for holding the X-ray tube and the X-ray camera unit in opposition and maintaining sufficient operating space between them; a seeking means for seeking a offset in an X-ray irradiated field; a controlling means for controlling the X-ray diaphragm unit according to an output of the seeking means.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus comprises a base installed in an examination room, an intermediate frame coupled to the base via a horizontal first rotary shaft, an arm coupled to the intermediate frame via a horizontal second rotary shaft, a mechanism, provided at one end portion of the arm, for removably supporting at least one X-ray generating unit, the X-ray generating unit supported by this mechanism, a mechanism, provided at the other end portion of the arm, for supporting at least one X-ray detection unit, and the X-ray detection unit supported by this mechanism.

Abstract: An x-ray photographing apparatus includes a first x-ray image detecting unit having a first x-ray image detection region, a second x-ray image detecting unit arranged in tandem with the first x-ray image detecting unit and having a second x-ray image detection region, and a bed apparatus having a subject placing unit for moving a subject to be examined between the first and second x-ray image detection regions. The first x-ray image detecting unit performs x-ray film photography and fluoroscopy of the lower limbs of a subject to be examined. The second x-ray image detecting unit performs x-ray film photography of the entire region of the lower limbs of the subject. The bed apparatus serves to perform photography of a blood vessel with a contrast medium. The subject placing unit can arbitrarily perform moving and stopping operations between the first and second x-ray image detection region.

Abstract: Stereostactic radiosurgery apparatus for eliminating misalignments due to mechanical inaccuracies and sag of a linear accelerator radiation-emitting head which is swung through an arc comprises a guiding and support structure with a first bearing system for accurately rotating a collimator through a precise arc in a vertical plane with respect to a predetermined center point in the plane corresponding to a treatment location, a second gimbal bearing system for coupling the collimator to the head so that the rotating head can drive the collimator through its arc while mechanically uncoupling the head from the collimator by eliminating torques and forces on the collimator which would be exerted by mechanical inaccuracies or sag of the head, and a third bearing system for rotatably supporting a stereotactic floorstand for rotation about a vertical axis which intersects the center point.

Abstract: A medical work station has a central post; a vertically adjustable and pivotable mount on the post; a multi part rest having a head portion which is mounted to the mount for the rest to extend in various horizontal positions from the post; an X-ray station is pivotable mounted on a second post being offset from the central post, the X-ray station including equipment which, upon pivoting, covers a range that coincides with a limited position range of the rest as pivotably mounted on the central post; a stand for shock wave equipment is positioned so that the rest can be placed above it or has a particular position in relation thereto; and an ultrasonic equipment mounted on and including a multi-linked arm arrangement having a mounting part mounted on the rest mount.

Abstract: An apparatus for moving samples through a CAT scanner is comprised of a driver table assembly and a follower table assembly. The assemblies are fixedly positioned in aligned spaced condition on opposite sides of a CAT scanner and are adapted to move a sample therethrough with great linear accuracy. The driver table assembly is the active member in moving the sample while the follower table assembly is passive in responding to movement of the driver table assembly. Both table assemblies have lathe heads mounted thereon for securing the sample therebetween in a self-centering manner.

Abstract: An x-ray image-pickup apparatus comprises a base movable along a ceiling wall of a photographing room, a support having one end portion rotatably attached to the base, an arm rotatably and slidable attached to the other end portion of the support, and a pair of x-ray image-pickup systems arranged to be substantially included in an imaginary plane defined within the arm and designed to be capable of photographing a subject situated within the arm in two directions. The apparatus is suitable for a cephalo-cervical interventional angiography.

Abstract: An X-ray radiographing apparatus includes a power assist device for causing a driving mechanism to generate force for assisting that force which is added to a handle assembly of a spot film device in a direction, so that the spot film device is moved by the sum of both forces in the direction. The movement of the handle assembly is detected by a pressure sensor, so that the detecting signal responsive to the movement is outputted to a control circuit. A driving signal responsive to the detecting signal is supplied from the circuit to the driving mechanism, so that the spot film device is moved in the direction. A component of the weight of the handle assembly is balanced with that of a counter weight, whereby the pressure sensor is prevented from being wrongly operated by the component of the weight of the handle assembly. The width of blind zone of the pressure sensor can be made narrower. The response speed of the spot film device can be made narrower.

Abstract: An X-ray table top is moveably supported by a shaft extending from a support mechanism on a base to the end of the table top at one longitudinal side thereof offset from the longitudinal axis of the top. The support mechanism includes means for raising and lowering the table top, first rotational means for effecting Trendelenburg tilting the top about an axis transverse of its longitudinal axis and second rotational means for canting it about the longitudinal axis or an axis parallel thereto. The offset support connection to the table top allows unobstructed access to both side, the foot end, and to the head end of the table top for anesthesiological personnel and equipment.

Abstract: An x-ray examination apparatus in which an opposed x-ray source and x-ray image detector, which establish a radiation vector and an image orientation direction traverse to said vector, are mounted to be positioned relative to a series of three independently operable axes of rotation. Computing and measuring means are provided by which angular positions of rotation about the various axes can be correlated to simultaneously achieve both a desired angular orientation of the radiation vector and a desired direction of image orientation.

Abstract: A frame structure for a CT scanner, in which a dome for containing a scanner for an object or subject to be examined has an imaging space in its central portion, and a bed plate support mechanism carries the subject, and in which a bed plate slidably drive mechanism moves the bed plate into or out of the imaging space of the dome, and the bed plate support mechanism and the bed plate slidably drive mechanism are integrally provided to the dome.

Abstract: An industrial CT system is provided for three dimensional imaginig which includes a three dimensional cone beam of hard radiation fixed with respect to a two dimensional scintillation detector array. The object is positioned on a turntable interposed between the radition source and detector array. Data from two dimensional views are stored as the object is rotated on the turntable about a fixed axis. The data is sufficient upon completion of one revolution to construct a transparent three dimensional image of the object. A positioning encoding arrangement adjusts for variations in the object's mass density to optimize scan-compute times while enhancing image resolution.

Abstract: An x-ray examination installation includes an imaging system having components disposed on opposite sides of a patient on a patient support table. Positioning of the imaging system is coordinated with positioning of the patient support system in that the components of the imaging system are automatically moved, upon positioning of the patient support system, in a direction opposite to the movement of the patient support table. The range of adjustment of the patient support table can be sub-divided into ranges to which separate switching stages are allocated, so that the movement of the imaging system in a direction opposite to movement of the patient support table occurs only within predetermined ranges, so that such movement is not effected when the patient support table is adjusted within a central range.

Abstract: A patient support includes a support surface and lifting structure adapted to permit the insertion of an x-ray cassette beneath the portion of the patient's body that is to be x-rayed. The structure for lifting preferably includes a plurality of inflatable runners. Structure for selectively deflating the runners is provided so as to permit insertion of an x-ray cassette between adjacent runners and beneath the patient. Structure for placing the inflatable runners in fluid connection with fluid supply means is provided such that the runners can be reinflated. In an alternative embodiment, the inflatable runners can be replaced by mechanical lifting apparatus.

Abstract: An X-ray examination apparatus comprising: a base assembly including a pivotable and vertically displaceable frame, a first actuating means for pivotal movement of said frame about a horizontal axis and a second actuating means for vertical movement of said frame, computer controls for controlling said first and second actuating means individually and in combination, two parallel rail systems supported by the frame and having two carriages mounted respectively thereon, which carriages can move in unison or individually, one of said carriages supporting a C- or U-shaped carriage for supporting an X-ray source and image receptor in a rotatable arrangement about an axis parallel to said horizontal axis and the other of said carriage having an overhanging support secured thereto, which support includes a dual action mechanism for supporting a patient table in an arrangement providing its vertical movement relative to the frame and its pivoting movement about an axis parallel to its longitudinal axis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cassette for supporting a material sample, the cassette including a housing and a retaining assembly for retaining the sample in the housing. The retaining assembly includes a plurality of retaining members adapted to be disposed about the periphery of the sample for movement radially thereof, a biasing spring encircling the retaining members for biasing the retaining members into engagement with the sample, and a cover supported by the housing for securing the retaining members and the biasing member within the housing.

Abstract: A surgical table is provided for receiving and positioning a patient. The surgical table includes a chair which includes a backrest for receiving the upper body of a patient, and a pelvic support which supports the pelvic area of the patient across the sacrum. The pelvic support is designed such that it does not underlie at least one preselected hip joint of the pelvic area of the patient. The surgical table further includes a support structure which supports the chair at a predetermined elevated position and provides an unobstructed clearance of a predetermined height under the pelvic area of the patient. A leg support is provided for positioning the leg of a patient such that the thigh of the leg assumes an atavistic position.

Abstract: A scintographic installation includes a patient-supporting table (10) and a stand (11) whose support column (19) is moveable along an axis OX. The invention lies in the fact that the table (10) is mounted on a rail (15) which is capable of taking up different angular positions about an axis parallel to the axis OZ. In a first position the rail (15) is parallel to OY and the stand (11) is in a position suitable for performing tomographic examination. In a second position, the rail (15) is parallel to the axis OX and the stand (11) is a position suitable for examining the entire body by displacement of the column (19), i.e. without displacing the bed (12).

Abstract: A mammograph is made, wherein the X-ray tube and the work top are held facing each other by a stirrup, making it easy for an X-ray technician to reach the breast to be X-rayed. The stirrup is shaped like a ring and can rotate on itself in sliding on a complementary ring, so as to reduce the inertia of the movable masses, to bring about radiography under oblique or even horizontal incidence. Furthermore, the structure is preferably moved away from a control cabinet for the mammograph, to enable an X-ray technician to come between this cabinet and the patient so as to facilitate preparations for taking a picture.

Abstract: An X-ray examination apparatus comprises a mobile base on which a table top is also mounted. An X-ray source and detector are secured to the base on a pivotal support. For transporting the X-ray examination apparatus, the support is rotated through 90.degree. with respect to the base, so that the overall width of the apparatus does not exceed the wheelbase of the base. A radiation shielding control console is secured to the wheelbase base so that it can be swung aside.

Abstract: In an x-ray equipment stand designed to perform isocentric scanning movements and having three axes of rotation concurrent to the isocenter O, the isocenter can be caused to rotate about a fourth axis (Axis 4) perpendicular to the second axis (Axis 2) and parallel to the third axis (Axis 3). This permits displacement of the isocenter in the horizontal plane, especially along straight lines which are secant with the third axis.

Abstract: An X-ray table top is moveably supported by a shaft extending from a support mechanism on a base to the end of the table top at one longitudinal side thereof offset from the longitudinal axis of the top. The support mechanism includes means for raising and lowering the table top, Trendelenburg tilting the top about an axis transverse of its longitudinal axis and canting it about the longitudinal axis or an axis parallel thereto. The offset support connection to the table top allows unobstructed access to both sides, the foot end, and to the head end of the table top for anesthesiological personnel and equipment.

Abstract: A digital scan projection radiography system is disclosed which is particularly adapted for the rigors of portable deployment. The system scans by gravity. A cam mechanism is employed which raises the pivot of a pivotally suspended scanner assembly including source, detector and other components to render gravitational potential energy of the scanner assembly approximately linear with respect to angular scanning displacement. This feature enables limiting scanning angular velocity to an approximately constant value with the aid of only a friction brake. The feature also causes the detector scanning path to more closely approximate a linear path than an arcuate path which would result from simple pivotal pendulum scanning.

Abstract: X-ray apparatus for examination of a patient comprises an upright standard, a patient table extending laterally from the standard, a two-limbed support carrying an X-radiation source on one limb and an X-radiation receptor on the other limb and a generally horizontal arm pivoted at one end to the standard on a first vertical axis and extending from the pivoted end at the standard to a free end connected to the two-limbed support so as to hold the source and receptor on a radiation axis through the table, the arm being articulately jointed intermediate the standard and support so as to selectively position the support at either side of the table.

Abstract: Radiological device of the pivoting type, comprising a fixed base (1), a longitudinal pivoting carriage (2) mounted on the base (1) and carrying, on the one hand longitudinally, a patient support panel (8) connected to the carriage by a patient support panel support, the panel support consisting of a bracket (3), the top horizontal beam (5) of which, which is mounted on an arm (6), forms a bridge for the passage of a practitioner.

Abstract: An x-ray scanner for inspecting articles moving therethrough, such as on a conveyor, has a frame on which an x-ray source, a collimator for the x-ray beam, and a radiation detector are mounted. The frame resists flexural and torsional stresses so as to maintain the relative positions of the x-ray source, the collimator, and the radiation receiver in the presence of such stresses. The scanner is mounted in a rack in which the frame is seated by a resilient support. The conveyor which is used to move articles through the x-ray beam between the x-ray source and the radiation receiver is supported by the rack, so that mechanical stresses to the conveyor, such as the placement of heavy articles thereon, are not conveyed to the frame, and therefore do not disturb the alignment of the components mounted on the frame, due to the intervention of the resilient support.

Abstract: A compact, lightweight, portable, versatile and modular field x-ray system is disclosed. A base member is provided and supports an x-ray table. Two vertical masts are also coupled to the base, for movement alongside the table in a direction parallel to its longitudinal dimension. The masts move independently of one another but can also be linked together for movement in unison. A tube head is attached to one mast by articulated structure, including a series of offset arms, which affords the tube head 6 degrees of freedom of movement, both above and below the x-ray table. A spot film device is movable coupled to the second mast. The second mast and spot film device are manually removable from the remainder of the system for operation in radiographic only mode.

Abstract: An arrangement in a gamma unit, comprising a large number of radiation sources (9) mounted within a radiation shield (2) and having beam channels (6, 19) directed radially from said radiation sources toward a common focal point (F), said radiation shield comprising a space adapted to accommodate the head of a patient resting on a support.The novel matter resides in that the radiation sources (9) and the beam channels (6, 19) directed radially therefrom toward the focal point are located, in relation to the diametrical plane through the opening to the space, within a zone extending to latitudes 30.degree.-45.degree., as seen from said diametrical plane.

Abstract: An isocentric examination stand for radio-logical examinations of a patient comprising a cradle in the form of an arc of a circle which is circularly displaceable, a cradle support, an X-ray source and a radiation detector, the cradle being composed of mechanically assembled elements forming a structure defining the geometry of the cradle. The structure permits the passage of a supply cable of the source and of the detector into the cradle support.

Abstract: An X-ray apparatus is disclosed comprising an angularly adjustable parallelogram formed by two members parallel to a central axis and two members transverse the central axis. A radiation source and a radiation receptor are positioned at one end of the respective parallel members. The apparatus is characterized in that the two transverse members are disposed on opposite sides of the central axis, and one end of both parallel members is offset to the same side of the central axis.

Abstract: A compact, lightweight, portable, versatile and modular field x-ray system is disclosed. A base member is provided and supports an x-ray table. Two vertical masts are also coupled to the base, for movement alongside the table in a direction parallel to its longitudinal dimension. The masts move independently of one another but can also be linked together for movement in unison. A tube head is attached to one mast by articulated structure, including a series of offset arms, which affords the tube head 6 degrees of freedom of movement, both above and below the x-ray table. A spot film device is movably coupled to the second mast. The second mast and spot film device are manually removable from the remainder of the system for operation in radiographic only mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an x-ray apparatus comprising an apparatus base, a tiltable part, a displaceable carriage for x-ray parts running on the tiltable part along guide rails and having a spring weight compensation device having compensating forces adjustable by motor drive depending on the apparatus position, whereby at least one slot-shaped opening is provided on the carriage, one end of a one-armed load lever hinged to the tiltable part being displaceable in the slot-shaped opening. Between its ends, the load lever is pivotably connected to a sleeve seated in gliding fashion on a rod, the sleeve being supported with a spring at the one end of the rod whose other end is hinged to a nut displaceable by means of a motor-actuatable spindle, whereby the threaded spindle is arranged essentially parallel to the guide rails.

Abstract: A movably mounted pillar-stand for carrying X-ray equipment, the pillar-stand preferably celling-suspended and having a pendulum arrangement or the like for the purpose of damping natural oscillatory movements. When natural oscillatory movements occur in the pillar-stand when making positional adjustment thereto, the natural oscillatory movement of the stand is effectively extinguished within the space of some few seconds by a damped, counter-directional pendulating movement imparted to the pendulating arrangement by means of the natural oscillatory motion of the stand.

Abstract: A radiographic/fluoroscopic X-ray system is disclosed employing a new and improved method and apparatus for viewing an image of a subject under examination. The system includes a flat panel display screen integrally mounted to the spotfilmer/imaging system housing. The display screen is mounted to the spotfilmer/imaging system housing to provide pivotal movement in at least one direction. Where a tiltable X-ray table is used, apparatus and circuitry is provided to maintain correct viewing orientation of the image with respect to the operator while the table is tilted throughout its range.

Abstract: An X-ray system has radiation carriage for an X-ray source and receptor and a table carriage for a patient. The radiation carriage moves along a circular track on a primary carriage which in turn is on a beam rotating on a standard so that a patient at the isocenter of the two circular movements can be X-rayed at adjusted angles from spherical loci. The beam also pivotally supports a table carriage so that as the patient is inclined with the table the adjusted angle of the radiation is maintained.

Abstract: Patient support elements, such as pillows, are disposed on opposite sides of an examination subject lying on a supporting bed in a tomographic apparatus. The patient support bodies include one or more reference elements having known composition and characteristics which are reproduced in the image at a display unit. Standardization of the measured values is thereby achieved in a manner which is independent of the apparatus itself.

Abstract: In combination with an apparatus for conducting radiographic examination of the breast under tissue compressive conditions, a positionably adjustable table serving as a support for body components and as a shield against radiation exposure during operation of X-ray equipment in carrying-out the method of the invention. There is also disclosed an improved mechanism for controllably positioning the compressive plates between which the breast of the patient is restrained during radiographic examination.

Abstract: What is described is a leg-supporting means for making restrained X-ray photographs of the knee joint. In order to obviate the disadvantages of the apparatus which are on the market for making X-ray photographs of the knee joint, more especially the unstable position of the proband leg and shift instabilities with small degrees of flexion, provision is made for a thigh section or member with two clamping members movable concentrically relatively to one another to be connected to a ring enclosing the X-ray zone for the knee joint, and for the ring with the thigh member to be rotatable relatively to a lower leg member about its center and by up to 90.degree. towards both sides.

Abstract: The invention concerns an X-ray diagnostic apparatus with a motor-driven, vertically adjustable compression carriage, a means of support for a compression plate, and with a support plate for the object photographed. A means of support for a second closer to the focus, support plate and two support locations for the compression plate are provided, of which one is associated with the support plate which can receive the X-ray film cassette, and the other with the support plate which is closer to the focus.