Abstract: An HVAC actuator (1) comprises an electric motor (11); an energy buffer (13) configured to store electrical energy from a power supply (2), and to provide the electrical energy to the motor (11); and a power limiting circuit (12) configured to limit input power from the power supply (2) to the energy buffer (13) to a threshold lower than motor power drawn by the motor (11) from the energy buffer (13).

Abstract: An independent and interlocking redundancy system includes one or more control targets, operation processors, and one or more standby processors. The one or more standby processors is configured to make transition from a standby state to a warming-up state when one of the operation processors malfunctions, transmit, in the warming-up state and to the one or more control targets, a control command same as that transmitted to the one or more control targets by non-malfunctioning one of the operation processors, at a timing at which the malfunctioning one of the operation processors is supposed to transmit the control command, and determine and transmit the control command independently from and by taking turns with respect to the non-malfunctioning one or more of the operation processors, after warm-up of the one or more standby processors is completed.

Abstract: A telephone system and method is provided for delaying authorization validation queries until after a called party accepts a telephone call. Queries are avoided not only in cases where the called phone line is busy or not answering, but also in cases where the called party declines to accept the charges. Because authorization validation queries typically take less than half a second, parties are not significantly affected by the delay.

Abstract: Pin fraud of battery reversal pulse metered sophisticated coin telephones is detected, an announcement of the detected fraud made, and the fraud is stopped if the detected fraud continues by the method and apparatus of the invention. By carefully monitoring within the switch office the loop current that is flowing in the 48 volt battery circuit, especially in the more positive terminal portion of the 48 volt battery circuit, loss of current to a fraud ground at a remote coin telephone can be detected. Once a fraud ground is detected, an announcement is made to at least the calling station where the pin fraud was detected, which says in effect "The pay telephone you are using is charging improperly for the service provided. If such improper charging continues the present call will be discontinued." A convenient location in the switch office and an inexpensive component configuration make the addition of this pin fraud detection, announcement and prevention apparatus very cost effective.

Abstract: A telephone system and method is provided for delaying authorization validation queries until a dialed phone is answered. This way, authorization validation queries are avoided in cases where a requested phone line is busy or not answered. In a collect call scheme the system may even delay queries until a party agrees to accept the collect call billing charges. This way, query charges are avoided not only for busy signals and no-answers, but also in the event that the requested party declines to accept the charges. Because authorization validation queries typically take less than one half of a second, parties are not significantly affected by the delay.

Abstract: A method for use in an environment having a service provider, a subscribed terminal, and a remote terminal, for activating a service for the subscribed terminal. The method processes an order from a terminal and processes an authorization request from a terminal. However, the service order is activated only upon an authorization request from the subscribed terminal. The subscribed terminal may be a telephone in which case a caller ID value provided by a central office switch serving the requesting terminal is used to determine whether a requesting telephone is the subscribed telephone.

Abstract: A slot card issued by a slot club, or a membership card in another incentive award program, that is also capable of being used as phone calling card is provided. Free calling time is credited to the member's card account in response to the playing of the slot machine or utilizing the respective service. After incentive points are awarded, the member may use the membership card as a prepaid phone calling card, whereby the member's account is debited for the cost of the call.

Abstract: A low-power, integrated coin acceptor for a payphone containing audit circuitry is described. The integrated coin acceptor connects to the telephone tip, ring and ground lines and connects to a dumb or smart payphone chassis to provide both coin validation and audit functions. The integrated coin acceptor is compatible with the audit software used by the central office, and assures a seamless transition between coin acceptor operation, audit data recording and audit information transmission. Components related to the audit function include a line interface to the tip, ring, and ground lines, a DTMF transceiver, battery backed-up RAM memory, EEPROM memory, real time clock, and battery and control circuits for data retention. During audit interrogation activity, the integrated coin acceptor takes control of the phone line, but contains circuitry that will return dial-tone to the user if an off-hook event occurs.

Abstract: A telephone system and method is provided for delaying authorization validation queries until a dialed phone is answered. This way, authorization validation queries are avoided in cases where a requested phone line is busy or not answered. In a collect call scheme the system may even delay queries until a party agrees to accept the collect call billing charges. This way, query charges are avoided not only for busy signals and no-answers, but also in the event that the requested party declines to accept the charges. Because authorization validation queries typically take less than one half of a second, parties are not significantly affected by the delay.

Abstract: Pin fraud of battery reversal pulse metered sophisticated coin telephones is detected and prevented by the method and apparatus of the invention. By carefully monitoring within the switch office the loop current that is flowing in the 48 volt battery circuit, especially in the more positive terminal portion of the 48 volt battery circuit, loss of current to a fraud ground at a remote coin telephone can be detected. Once a fraud ground is detected, the call is terminated. The current detector of this method and apparatus can also be used to terminate a call for the normal on-hook break of the loop current. A convenient location in the switch office and an inexpensive component configuration make the addition of this pin fraud detection and prevention apparatus very cost effective.

Abstract: A portable apparatus for demonstrating the operation of one or more telephones by simulating an active telephone line in which a ring tone generator (74), busy tone generator (72), dial tone generator (70), confirmation tone generator (146) and power ringer (52) are operationally controlled by a microprocessor (62) responsive to the on-hook and off-hook status of a telephone connected to the apparatus as well as control signals established by keypad entry or programmed operation. A decoder (64) responsive to DTMF or pulse dial signals provides for universal operation without regard to the type of telephones connected to the apparatus. Communications over the telephones can be monitored with an external speaker (38) or headphones, or recorded for later review. The apparatus also provides for simulated operation of coin-operated and calling card operated telephones.

Abstract: A tone burst generator where a continuous tone voltage is applied across two series-connected semiconductor switches each having an ON state and an OFF state. A first control circuit controls the state of the first switch and the variable impedance in an intermediate region between its ON and OFF states to cause gradual, well-defined OFF/ON and ON/OFF transitions of the first switch. As a result of these first switch transitions, a voltage tone burst is generated that has precisely defined edges to eliminate clicking noise. The continuous tone voltage is of only one polarity--it has a non-zero DC component and an AC component having a peak-to-peak variation less the twice the magnitude of the non-zero DC component. A second control circuit controls the state of the second switch and the variable impedance in an intermediate region between its ON and OFF states to cause well defined ON/OFF and OFF/ON transitions of the second switch.

Abstract: Enhanced speed calling is provided on a network basis for public access telephone stations such as coin telephones and wireless public Telepoint services stations. The system permits single digit access to voice recorded announcements regarding long distance dialing instruction and service provider identification information. The dialing of a common generic abbreviated code word triggers the delivery of a pre-established interexchange carrier recording identifying the presubscribed carrier to the user at the calling public access telephone station. The information card presently utilized at public access telephone stations, such as coin stations, is replaced with a generic card providing information to lead the caller to use the abbreviated code word to initiate identification of the presubscribed interexchange carrier for that public access telephone station.

Abstract: Apparatus for enabling a telephone network to establish connections between calling and called telephones in accordance with called telephone numbers identified with ones of a plurality of calling party credit cards. The apparatus is connected by data links with data bases maintained by each of the credit card companies and each credit card company is identified by a credit card number received from a calling party. The received credit card number is transmitted over a data link to a data base maintained by a credit card company identified as having issued a credit card assigned the received credit card number for an on-line determination of the calling party credit card.

Abstract: A coin tone validator (CTV) is located in a local central office and is connected between a pay telephone and a switching system. The CTV monitors DC loop current changes using opto-couplers inserted into a local loop in addition to measuring standard 1700 Hz and 2200 Hz tone frequencies generated when a coin is inserted into the paystation. A comparison of the two components, the current changes and the frequencies, is performed to determine a timing and magnitude relationship. If the frequency component is misaligned within a specified time frame or the magnitude is not sufficient, then the tones received or the current change sensed are dismissed as interference. The CTV prevents users of pay telephones from fraudulently generating coin tones that are acoustically coupled into the handset of a paystation from a calling station at any time during a call.

Abstract: The invention relates to a prepayment indoor telephone in which payment is performed by means of memory cards. In order to make the use of the telephone set (104) secure, a verification module (110) is connected to its telephone line (130) in the vicinity of the exchange (102). The verification module (110) and the telephone (104) periodically generate two respective versions of authentication information and these two versions are compared in the verification module (110). Authentication takes place only if the card reader (128) has delivered a signal indicating that the required telephone charge has been paid.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an answer supervision detection unit is disposed intermediate a tandem switch and the public switched network. Typically, the public switched network is two or four wire E & M lines or T1 lines. The E & M lines carry answer supervision information signals. The answer supervision detection unit monitors the E & M lines, detects the information signals, converts those information signals into coded answer supervision signals, and applies those coded signals to loop start lines that extend from the answer supervision detection unit to the tandem switch, the central office owned by the regional Bell operating system and the customer owned pay telephone. Intermediate the pay telephone and the central office is a decoder that senses the coded answer supervision signals (typically the A,B,C and D signals of the DTMF phone) and generates pseudo-answer supervision or strictly control signals to the customer owned pay telephone.

Abstract: A telephone system enabling prepayment for telephone calls, wherein special code and credit information is stored in memory in special exchanges and debited as the call progresses.

Abstract: In an electronic coin telephone set, a fraud prevention arrangement prevents fraudulent coin tones originating at a telephone transmitter from being provided to a central office over a coin subscriber loop. The arrangement comprises a first and second transmission channel for alternately connecting the transmitter to the central office and also a fraud filter disposed in the second transmission channel. The fraud filter attenuates a selected frequency originating at the transmitter that is indicative of coin deposits. When coin deposits are not required by the central office, the transmitter is connected to the central office through the first transmission channel. When coin deposits are required by the central office, however, the arrangement connects the transmitter to the central office through the second transmission channel thereby avoiding the fraudulent generating of coin tones through the telephone transmitter.