Abstract: A coding technology that efficiently codes an input sound signal irrespective of the characteristics thereof and can obtain a decoded sound signal that sounds less artificial to a listener. A coding method codes an input sound signal frame by frame of a predetermined time segment by a selected coding processing from a plurality of types of coding processing in the frequency domain, the coding method makes it possible for a selection unit to select coding processing which is different from the coding processing of the preceding frame as coding processing of the present frame if at least one of the magnitude of the energy of high frequency components of the input sound signal of the preceding frame and the magnitude of the energy of high frequency components of the input sound signal of the present frame is smaller than or equal to a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A coding technology that efficiently codes an input sound signal irrespective of the characteristics thereof and can obtain a decoded sound signal that sounds less artificial to a listener. A coding method codes an input sound signal frame by frame of a predetermined time segment by a selected coding processing from a plurality of types of coding processing in the frequency domain, the coding method makes it possible for a selection unit to select coding processing which is different from the coding processing of the preceding frame as coding processing of the present frame if at least one of the magnitude of the energy of high frequency components of the input sound signal of the preceding frame and the magnitude of the energy of high frequency components of the input sound signal of the present frame is smaller than or equal to a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A coding technology that efficiently codes an input sound signal irrespective of the characteristics thereof and can obtain a decoded sound signal that sounds less artificial to a listener. A coding method codes an input sound signal frame by frame of a predetermined time segment by a selected coding processing from a plurality of types of coding processing in the frequency domain, the coding method makes it possible for a selection unit to select coding processing which is different from the coding processing of the preceding frame as coding processing of the present frame if at least one of the magnitude of the energy of high frequency components of the input sound signal of the preceding frame and the magnitude of the energy of high frequency components of the input sound signal of the present frame is smaller than or equal to a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for processing confidential information. In one embodiment, the method includes: receiving confidential information on an incoming line coupled to the call center server; intercepting a DTMF tone portion of the confidential information at an encoder located between the incoming line and an agent at the remote client; and processing the DTMF tone at approximately the same time for two separate data paths, wherein a first path contains encoded confidential information for a call server, and a second path contains no confidential information for the agent.

Abstract: The present disclosure in some embodiments provides an apparatus and method for supplying quantum keys to multiple apparatuses in a quantum key distribution system. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus and method for supplying quantum keys enable Alice or Bob to deliver the quantum keys to the multiple transmitting apparatuses or receiving apparatuses, in real time without a delay.

Abstract: A method for user authentication in an electronic device includes: detecting at least one rotation of the electronic device; obtaining at least one rotation angle based on the detected at least one rotation; obtaining at least one code based on the at least one rotation angle and a user authentication angle, the user authentication angle being obtained from a user gaze point that is set, and storing the at least one code as an authentication code; and unlocking the electronic device in response to an input of a code matching the authentication code.

Abstract: A transmission system is used in a method of transmitting a camouflaged transmission of signals by generating an underlying transmission comprising a plasma transmission discharge constituting background noise having a first amplitude and generating an embedded transmission of signals within the underlying transmission.

Abstract: An audio adjustment system is provided that can output a user interface customized by the provider of the audio system instead of the electronic device manufacturer. Such an arrangement can save both field engineers and manufacturers a significant amount of time. Advantageously, in certain embodiments, such an audio adjustment system can be provided without knowledge of the electronic device's firmware. Instead, the audio adjustment system can communicate with the electronic device through an existing audio interface in the electronic device to enable a user to control audio enhancement parameters in the electronic device. For instance, the audio adjustment system can control the electronic device via an audio input jack on the electronic device. The electronic device can also include decoding features for decoding communications sent by the audio adjustment system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to provide speech privacy are disclosed. An example method includes forming a sampling block based on a first received audio sample, the sampling block representing speech of a user, creating, with a processor, a mask based on the sampling block, the mask to reduce the intelligibility of the speech of the user, wherein the mask is created by converting the sampling block from a time domain to a frequency domain to form a frequency domain sampling block, identifying a first peak within the frequency domain sampling block, demodulating the frequency domain sampling block at the first peak to form a first envelope of the sampling block, distorting the first envelope to form a first distorted envelope, and emitting an acoustic representation of the mask via a speaker.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for transceiving data in an audio frequency band. The system includes a data input unit to input data for acoustic communication into an audio signal, a transmitting unit to transmit the audio signal including the data in the audio frequency band, and a receiving unit that receives the audio signal including the data and performs synchronization of the audio signal through a matched filtering using a matched filter in order to extract the data according to predetermined extraction processing. The data to be transmitted are added to an audio signal and the audio signal is transmitted in the audio frequency band, so that the data for the acoustic communication are effectively transmitted to the recipient in the audio frequency band.

Abstract: A watermark generator for providing a watermark signal in dependence on binary message data includes an information processor configured to provide, in dependence on a single message bit of the binary message data, a 2-dimensional spread information representing the message bit in the form of a set of time-frequency-domain values. The watermark generator also includes a watermark signal provider configured to provide the watermark signal on the basis of the 2-dimensional spread information. A watermark detector, methods and computer programs are also described.

Abstract: A watermark signal provider provides a watermark signal suitable for being hidden in an audio signal when the watermark signal is added to the audio signal, such that the watermark signal represents watermark data. The watermark signal provider includes a psychoacoustical processor for determining a masking threshold of the audio signal; and a modulator for generating the watermark signal from a superposition of sample-shaping functions spaced apart from each other at a sample time interval of a time-discrete representation of the watermark data, each sample-shaping function being amplitude-weighted with a respective sample of the time-discrete representation, multiplied by a respective amplitude weight depending on the masking threshold, the modulator being configured such that the sample time interval is shorter than a time extension of the sample-shaping functions; and the respective amplitude weight also depends on samples of the time-discrete representation neighboring the respective sample in time.

Abstract: For synchronizing multichannel extension data with an audio signal, wherein the audio signal includes block division information and the multichannel extension data include reference audio signal fingerprint information, the block division information in the audio signal is detected by means of a block detector. Thereupon, block division of the audio signal is performed by a fingerprint calculator according to the block division information in order to obtain a sequence of test audio signal fingerprints. In addition to that, a sequence of reference audio signal fingerprints is extracted from the reference audio signal fingerprint information of the multichannel extension data. Both sequences of fingerprints are correlated in order to obtain a correlation result, by which a compensator is controlled in order to reduce or eliminate a time offset between the multichannel extension data and the audio signal.

Abstract: A speech masking apparatus includes a microphone and a speaker. The microphone can detect a human voice. The speaker can output a masking language which can include phonemes resembling human speech. At least one component of the masking language can have a pitch, a volume, a theme, and/or a phonetic content substantially matching a pitch, a volume, a theme, and/or a phonetic content of the voice.

Abstract: For calculating a fingerprint of an audio signal, the audio signal is divided into subsequent blocks of samples. For the subsequent blocks, one fingerprint value each is calculated, wherein fingerprint samples of subsequent blocks are compared. Based on whether the fingerprint value of a block is higher than the fingerprint value of a subsequent block or not, a binary value is assigned, wherein information about a sequence of binary values is output as fingerprint for the audio signal.

Abstract: A communications system includes a modulator having a first input to receive a synchronization key and to generate a synchronization signal having encoded therein the synchronization key to enable synchronization of a message signal, a second input to generate Gaussian noise generated by a pseudo-random number generator, and an output port to provide a modulated synchronization signal. The modulated synchronization signal and the message signal appear as random noise. In further embodiment, the communications system includes a demodulator having a first input to receive the synchronization signal, a second input to receive a comparison signal, and an output port to provide a synchronization output signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for minimizing co-channel interference in communications systems are disclosed. A method in accordance with the present invention comprises shifting a characteristic of the first signal with respect to a like characteristic of the second signal to mitigate co-channel interference, and transmitting the first signal and the second signal over different channels of the communication system.

Abstract: A method embeds tracing secret data into multimedia contents delivered to particular users. The method descrambles a first scrambled video stream having alternate values to obtain a personalized video stream corresponding to an original video stream by a decoder comprising at least a security unit and a descrambling unit, the personalized video stream being obtained by restoring the alternate values by personalized values taking into account an internal parameter on the security unit and received control data containing the original values and their location in the modified stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a jammer comprising sampling an input signal; downconverting and sampling the input signal to generate a sampled downconverted (SD) input signal; comparing the sampled input signal to a wideband threshold THWB, and comparing the SD input signal to a narrowband threshold THNB; generating a wideband (WB) interrupt signal based on the comparison to the THWB, and generating a narrowband (NB) interrupt signal based on the comparison to the THNB; and generating a composite interrupt signal based on at least one of WB interrupt signal and NB interrupt signal. In one aspect, the apparatus comprises a wideband jammer detector for generating a WB interrupt signal to indicate a wideband jammer; a narrowband jammer detector for generating a NB interrupt signal to indicate a narrowband jammer; and interrupt logic for generating a composite interrupt signal based on one of WB interrupt signal and NB interrupt signal.

Abstract: A system to prevent audio watermark detection includes content having a video portion and an audio portion, the audio portion having a watermark, an audio/video separator configured to separate the video portion and the audio portion, and a random number generator configured to generate a random number corresponding to a shifted frequency. The system also includes a frequency shift element configured to apply the shifted frequency to the audio portion to alter a spectrum of the watermark so as to prevent detection of the watermark by a device seeking to recover the watermark. The system also includes an audio resampler configured to resample the audio portion to restore the audio portion to an original length, and an audio/video combiner configured to combine the video portion and the audio portion.

Abstract: Encoding and decoding methods and apparatus as described.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises: an output part that outputs variable information varying in a time-dependent manner in the image forming apparatus; a first encrypt part that encrypts the variable information outputted from the output part using a first encrypt key read out from a memory; a second encrypt key create part that creates a second encrypt key according to the variable information outputted from the output part; a second encrypt part that encrypts inherent information for specifying the image forming apparatus using the second encrypt key created by the second encrypt key create part; a generate part that generates code data according to the variable information encrypted in the first encrypt part and the inherent information encrypted in the second encrypt part; and an image form part that forms on a recording member a code image based on the code data generated in the generate part.

Abstract: Secure presentation of media streams includes encoding the media streams into digital content, encrypting a portion of that digital content, the portion being required for presentation, in which the encrypted version is substantially unchanged in formatting parameters from the clear version of the digital content. Selecting those portions for encryption so there is no change in distribution of the media stream: packetization of the digital data, or synchronization of audio with video portions of the media stream. When encoding the media stream into MPEG-2, refraining from encrypting information by which the video block data is described, packet formatting information, and encrypting the video block data using a block-substitution cipher. A block-substitution cipher can be used to encrypt each sequence of 16 bytes of video data in each packet, possibly leaving as many as 15 bytes of video data in each packet in the clear.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a plurality of data storage units, a physical random number generator with a noise source based on a physical noise process, for generating a random number, and a replacer for selecting a data storage unit wherein data is to be stored, depending on the random number. Selecting, on the basis of genuine random numbers, data storage units and/or lines to be replaced in the cache.

Abstract: A system to prevent audio watermark detection includes content having a video portion and an audio portion, the audio portion having a watermark, an audio/video separator configured to separate the video portion and the audio portion, and a random number generator configured to generate a random number corresponding to a shifted frequency. The system also includes a frequency shift element configured to apply the shifted frequency to the audio portion to alter a spectrum of the watermark so as to prevent detection of the watermark by a device seeking to recover the watermark. The system also includes an audio resampler configured to resample the audio portion to restore the audio portion to an original length, and an audio/video combiner configured to combine the video portion and the audio portion.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for including a code having at least one code frequency component in an audio signal are provided. The abilities of various frequency components in the audio signal to mask the code frequency component to human hearing are evaluated and based on these evaluations an amplitude is assigned to the code frequency component. Methods and apparatus for detecting a code in an encoded audio signal are also provided. A code frequency component in the encoded audio signal is detected based on an expected code amplitude or on a noise amplitude within a range of audio frequencies including the frequency of the code component.

Abstract: A system is provided for securing information residing on a circuit (e.g., processor). In particular, a system and method is provided for masking electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions emitting from a circuit using a random noise generator in combination with a low noise amplifier and antenna. The random number generator matches a frequency of a circuit to be protected, and generates a random signal to be superimposed on data. The low noise amplifier receives the random signal from the random number generator, and an antenna receives the random signal from the low noise amplifier and transmits the random signal to mask the data of the circuit to be protected.

Abstract: Systems and methods for verifying error-free transmission of the synchronization (“sync”) channel of a QKD system are disclosed. The method includes sending a first pseudo-random bit stream (PRBS) over the sync channel from Alice to Bob, and verifying at Bob the accurate transmission of the first PRBS. The method also includes sending a second pseudo-random bit stream (PRBS) over the sync channel from Bob to Alice, and verifying at Alice the accurate transmission of the first PRBS. If the transmissions of a select number of bits in the first and second PRBSs are error-free, then the sync channel is verified and the QKD system can commence operation.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for securing the transmission of DTMF signals by a telephone over a telephone line. If the telephone is operating in a mode wherein another party may hear any DTMF tone generated by the telephone, such as over the loudspeaker of a speakerphone or as part of a conference call, the telephone prevents generation of an audible signal which predictably corresponds to the actual DTMF value of any button pushed by the user.

Abstract: An M6 block cipher system and method for encoding content and authenticating a device may use an M6 core. The M6 block cipher system may include a rotate constant selector selecting one or more rotate constants from a plurality of input rotate constants for output based on a selection signal input thereto, a rotate constant ordering device ordering the selected rotate constants and a common rotate constant input thereto based on a received ordering signal and an M6 core generating one or more of an output signal, a validity signal and a round number based on the ordered rotate constants and a plurality of input signals. The system may include a rotate constant scheduler outputting the ordering signal to the rotate constant ordering device in response to the selection signal and the round number.

Abstract: The present invention relates to searching content, particularly for at least one extract common to a first data file and a second data file.

Abstract: A quantum cryptographic device provides authentication services over the optical (quantum) channel and the public channel. In one implementation, polarizers generate optical pulses that have a polarization state based on a bit from a first bit sequence. A polarization rotator further rotates the polarization basis of the optical pulse by a rotation angle specified by one or more bits of a second bit sequence. A receiving device receives the modulated optical pulses, demodulates the pulses, and may determine whether the optical channel can be authenticated. In an alternate implementation, phase modulation, instead of polarization modulation, is used to similarly modulate the optical pulses.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for embedding information in a host signal based on the positioning of watermarks within the host signal. An embedder provides (i.e. embeds) a plurality of watermarks in the host signal. A processor associated with the embedder is provided for determining a relative position for embedding of at least two of the plurality of watermarks within the host signal such that the relative position of the watermarks represents the embedded information. The present invention also includes corresponding methods and apparatus for extracting the embedded information from the host signal based on the detected relative positions of the watermarks within the host signal, as well as computer readable medium containing the host signal which carries the embedded information.

Abstract: Blocks of audio are encoded based upon corresponding first and second frequencies. The first and second frequencies are hopped from block to block. An audio quality measure (AQM) is computed for each block of audio such that, if x out of y blocks of audio have an AQM greater than a first predetermined threshold, encoding is suspended. For example, x may be nine and y may be 16. Also, if a ratio of the energy in a front part of a block of audio to the energy in a rear part of the block of audio is greater than a second predetermined threshold, that block of audio is not encoded even though x out of y blocks of audio have an AQM greater than the first predetermined threshold. Multiple distributors of the audio may encode the audio with their corresponding identities using the above processes.

Abstract: An architecture for a high performance IPSEC accelerator. The architecture includes components for scanning fields of packets, programming an IPSEC services device according to the scanned fields, and modifying the scanned packet with an output from the IPSEC security services device. Preferably, the architecture is implemented in hardware, and attached to a host machine. Hardware devices, fast in comparison to software processing and network speeds, allows the computationally intensive IPSEC processes to be completed in real-time and reduce or eliminate bottlenecks in the path of a packet being sent or received to/from a network.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for including a code having at least one code frequency component in an audio signal are provided. The abilities of various frequency components in the audio signal to mask the code frequency component to human hearing are evaluated and based on these evaluations an amplitude is assigned to the code frequency component. Methods and apparatus for detecting a code in an encoded audio signal are also provided. A code frequency component in the encoded audio signal is detected based on an expected code amplitude or on a noise amplitude within a range of audio frequencies including the frequency of the code component.

Abstract: A system and method for maintaining privacy in transmission of a high bandwidth analog signal. A preferred system and method breaks an input signal into bands and then uses Walsh codes to overlay many signals on top of each other with a set of phase modulators to establish scrambling of the input signal. The scrambled signal is then transmitted. The received scrambled signal has the phase modulation removed and an inverse Walsh transform recovers the original bands. The recovered bands are added together to recover the original signal. The system and method use techniques that establish synchronization and phase coherency complete the process.

Abstract: Digital watermarks are embedded in image data (102)in order to enable authentication of the image data and/or replacement of rejected portions of the image data. Authentication codes are derived by comparing selected discrete cosine transform (DCT) (104) coefficients within DCT data (106) derived from the original, spatial-domain image data. The authentication codes thus generated are embedded in DCT coefficients (612) other than the ones which were used to derive the authentication codes. The resulting, watermarked data can be sent or made available to one or more recipients who can compress or otherwise use the watermarked data. Image data derived from the watermarked data—e.

Abstract: A method and system for reliably detecting encoded messages included in audio media data in varying acoustic environments, where only a portion of the predetermined message may have been received or detected.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of forensic digital watermarking that randomly selects an orientation and/or embedding protocol for a forensic digital watermark signal to be embedded in the content signal. It then embeds the forensic digital watermark signal at the selected orientation in the content signal. The embedding applies a different orientation to the digital forensic watermark for each instance of embedding a forensic watermark. This thwarts averaging and over-embedding attacks and enables generational forensic tracking.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for including a code having at least one code frequency component in an audio signal are provided. The abilities of various frequency components in the audio signal to mask the code frequency component to human hearing are evaluated and based on these evaluations an amplitude is assigned to the code frequency component. Methods and apparatus for detecting a code in an encoded audio signal are also provided. A code frequency component in the encoded audio signal is detected based on an expected code amplitude or on a noise amplitude within a range of audio frequencies including the frequency of the code component.

Abstract: An anti-duplication control signal detection section detects an anti-duplication control signal added on a video signal S1 and supplies it to a system controller as a duplication prevention control information S2. A write control section of the system controller stops the duplication of the video signal in a disk if the anti-duplication control information is an information which indicates duplication inhibition. In this case, the video signal recorded in the disk is erased under the control from the erasing control section by the time the duplication prevention control corresponding to the anti-duplication control signal becomes active.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for including a code having at least one code frequency component in an audio signal are provided. The abilities of various frequency components in the audio signal to mask the code frequency component to human hearing are evaluated and based on these evaluations an amplitude is assigned to the code frequency component. Methods and apparatus for detecting a code in an encoded audio signal are also provided. A code frequency component in the encoded audio signal is detected based on an expected code amplitude or on a noise amplitude within a range of audio frequencies including the frequency of the code component.

Abstract: An identification code signal is hidden in a carrier signal (such as an electronic data signal or a physical medium) in a manner that permits the identification signal later to be discerned. The carrier signal can thereby be identified, or some machine responsive action can thereby be taken. The technique can be applied in video imagery embodiments to control associated video equipment, e.g. to serve as a copy control signal.

Abstract: Multiple transform utilization and applications for secure digital watermarking. In one embodiment of the present invention, digital blocks in digital information to be protected are transformed into the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform. A plurality of frequencies and associated amplitudes are identified for each of the transformed digital blocks and a subset of the identified amplitudes is selected for each of the digital blocks using a primary mask from a key. Message information is selected from a message using a transformation table generated with a convolution mask. The chosen message information is encoded into each of the transformed digital blocks by altering the selected amplitudes based on the selected message information.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for embedding or embedding digital data into an analog host or cover signal. A distributed signal feature of the cover signal in a particular domain (time, frequency or space) is calculated and compared with a set of predefined quantization values corresponding to an information symbol to be encoded. The amount of change required to modify the signal feature to the determined target quantization value is calculated and the cover signal is modified accordingly to so change the feature value over a predefined interval. Information symbols are extracted by the opposite process.

Abstract: A system for broadcasting data (D) that can transmit information in the passband of a broadcast audio-frequency signal (S). The system can determine at least one frequency band (F'.sub.13, . . . , F'.sub.24) and the amplitude (A'.sub.13, . . . , A'.sub.24) of the audio-frequency signal (S). The system compares this amplitude with an auditory masking level (Nm(13), . . . , Nm(24)) associated with this frequency band and eliminates the frequency components of the audio-frequency signal in the frequency band if the amplitude of the signal is lower than the auditory masking level of the band. The system can insert the data in this frequency band at a level lower than or equal to the auditory masking level of the frequency band.