Abstract: The present invention provides a method of early starting the operation of a descrambler. The method comprises the steps of receiving a, synchronous byte of a transport packet in a group of m packets, where m is an integer, generating an alignment index to indicate a location of the synchronous byte, delivering the alignment index to the descrambler, and loading an initialization sequence to the descrambler in accordance with the alignment index and starting an operation of the descrambler.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes an address bus, a scramble unit, and a data bus. The address bus outputs address data to be given to a memory apparatus. The scramble unit scrambles write-in data into a storage position in the memory apparatus identified by the address data to obtain confidential data. The data bus outputs the confidential data. The scramble unit includes a first scrambler, a first converter and a second scrambler. The first scrambler XORs first mask data corresponding to the address data and the write-in data for each bit and makes it first scrambled data. The first converter performs one-to-one substitution conversion of the first scrambled data. The second scrambler XORs second mask data corresponding to the address data and data after the conversion of the first scrambled data by the first converter and outputs obtained second scrambled data as the confidential data.

Abstract: Secure communication of data between devices includes encrypting unencrypted data at a first device by reordering unencrypted bits provided in parallel on a device bus, including data and control bits, from an unencrypted order to form encrypted data including a plurality of encrypted bits in parallel in an encrypted order defined by a key. The encrypted data may be transmitted to another device where the encrypted data is decrypted by using the key to order the encrypted bits to restore the unencrypted order thereby to reform the unencrypted data.

Abstract: Compressed entertainment content such as audio or video or both includes additional aspects and operations associated their way. The compressed audio may be used to signal computers such as a telephone or reminder for an appointment. A melody line may be extracted from the audio, or the audio may be used exactly as it is. Another aspect stores traders within the entertainment content such as in MP3. Those traders are used to trigger the system to retrieve other parts of the content to be displayed at the same time that that particular part of the MP3 is being play. The content may include video or text, or maybe links to other content such as broadband content four times sensitive content. Another aspect describes encryption which is keyed to the disk ID to prevent playing oven illegally copied disk. Another aspect reads a specified amount of information then spins down the disk to conserve battery power.

Abstract: The present invention provides a scrambled compressed data distribution device that can perform a high-resistance scrambled compressed data distribution by selectively using a plurality of types of scramble information and a playback device thereof. A scrambling section scrambles compressed data by unique one of a plurality of scrambling methods. A hash value calculating section determines a hash value based on data b in a position where digital watermark data is not embedded, and an encrypting section encrypts the hash value with a secret key Sk(n) corresponding to the scrambling method and outputs an encrypted hash value c. A watermark data embedding section embeds the encrypted hash value in a watermark data embedding position of the data b and transmits the same as a compressed data stream d.

Abstract: A data integrity system including a transmitter, having a TX pseudorandom function generator, a TX switching function having a transmitting option and a TX combiner operative to receive, from a Host, an initialization data entity including at least one word, [TA1], in an initialization phase, to receive, during normal operation, two data entities of interest each including at least one data word of interest [TA2] and [TA3] respectively; to receive a first data entity including at least one word [TC1] comprising a randomized data entry, from the TX pseudorandom function generator, to generate a first XOR sum of the initialization data entity's word [TA1] and the at least one randomized data entity [TC1], in at least one iteration of an initialization phase; and, during normal operation, to generate and to output a second XOR sum [TA2?TC2=TB2] and a third XOR sum [TA3?TC3=TB3], wherein TB2 and TB3 are randomized data entities, wherein the words TA1, TA2 and TA3 are operative to initialize the data integrity sys

Abstract: A system, method, and network interface obscures the existence of data encryption in a communication network is provided. A set of characters is generated by using a set of encryption keys as an input to a pseudo-random function. Each character corresponds to an index value. The encrypted data is divided into a plurality of parts. Each part is sectioned into a plurality of groups. Each group of the plurality of groups is encoded by mapping the group to a character in the set of characters according to its corresponding index value. The mapped characters are transmitted through the communication network.

Abstract: In computing point multiples in elliptic curve schemes (e.g. kP and sQ) separately using, for example, Montgomery's method for the purpose of combining kP+sQ several operations are repeated in computing kP and sQ individually, that could be executed at the same time. A simultaneous scalar multiplication method is provided that reduces the overall number of doubling and addition operations thereby providing an efficient method for multiple scalar multiplication. The elements in the pairs for P and Q method are combined into a single pair, and the bits in k and s are evaluated at each step as bit pairs. When the bits in k and s are equal, only one doubling operation and one addition operation are needed to compute the current pair, and when the bits in k and s are not equal, only one doubling operation is needed and two addition operations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for consolidating cryptographic key updates, the consolidated update information enabling, for example, a returning member of a secure group who has been offline, to recover the current group key, at least in most cases. The unconsolidated key updates each comprise an encrypted key, corresponding to a node of a key hierarchy, that has been encrypted using a key which is a descendant of that node. The key updates are used to maintain a key tree with nodes in this tree corresponding to nodes in the key hierarchy. Each node of the key tree is used to store, for each encrypting key used in respect of the encrypted key associated with the node, the most up-to-date version of the encrypted key with any earlier versions being discarded. The key tree, or a subset of the tree, is then provided to group members.

Abstract: A tag authentication method, and a tag and reader performing the method are provided. The tag authentication method, including: a reader generating a first random number and transmitting the first random number to a tag; the reader receiving a second random number and a first verification value from the tag; the reader computing a second verification value based on the first random number and the second random number; and the reader comparing the first verification value and the second verification value.

Abstract: A compact apparatus for generation of desired pseudorandom sequences with controllable period. The apparatus includes two-dimensional cellular automata for generating a first sequence, 2-by-L cellular automata for generating a second sequence, adders for performing bit-to-bit mod2 sum of the first sequences and the second sequences, and a buffer for buffering the resultant sequences from the adders.

Abstract: A first Exclusive OR circuit operates an Exclusive OR between input data and a predetermined random number. An operation circuit performs one operation of encryption and decryption of output data from the first Exclusive OR circuit. A data register circuit, which has a plurality of data hold units, holds data from the operation circuit in one data hold unit of the plurality of data hold units in response to a selection signal, and supplies the data from the one data hold unit to the operation circuit. A second Exclusive OR circuit performs an Exclusive OR between output data from the data register circuit and the random number. The operation circuit recursively performs the one operation of the data from the data register circuit and outputs next data to the data register circuit.

Abstract: Video data exploitation by alteration of data is prevented. An extractor 111 extracts valid video data in data 110 and predetermined data in the data. An inserter 114 inserts an arithmetic operation result of the predetermined data by an arithmetic operation unit 113 into the valid video data encrypted by an encryptor 112. An output of the inserter 114 is supplied to an extractor 144 through a transmission path 120. The encrypted valid video data and arithmetic operation resultant data of the arithmetic operation unit 113 are extracted. An arithmetic operation unit 143 executes the same arithmetic operation as that of the arithmetic operation unit 113 to data corresponding to the data used in the arithmetic operation unit 113 from the valid video data decrypted by a decryptor 141 and extracted by an extractor 144. A comparator 145 compares an output of the arithmetic operation unit 143 with an arithmetic operation result extracted from data 140.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for using Bluetooth devices to secure sensitive data on other Bluetooth devices is described. A Bluetooth device is paired with a “trusted” Bluetooth device. When contact with the trusted device is lost, designated sensitive data on the secured Bluetooth device is automatically encrypted. When contact is restored, the data is automatically decrypted. In an alternate embodiment, a secured device can be associated with multiple trusted devices, and the secured device designate different sensitive data for each trusted device. In this way, multiple users can share a common, “public” Bluetooth device without concern that the other users will access their sensitive data on the device when the device is not being used by that user.

Abstract: A secure wireless local or metropolitan area network and data communications device therefor are provided, where the device transmits plain text in an encrypted message including cipher text and an initialization vector. The device may include a seed generator for performing a one-way algorithm using a secret key, a device address, and a changing reference value for generating a seed. Further, a random initialization vector (IV) generator may be included for generating a random IV, and a key encrypter may generate a key sequence based upon the seed and the random IV. Additionally, a logic circuit may be included for generating cipher text based upon the key sequence and plain text, and a wireless communications device may be connected to the logic circuit and the random IV generator for wirelessly transmitting the encrypted message.

Abstract: A data security system for a high bandwidth bus comprises a circular shift register operable to load a variable key value, and a scrambler coupled to the circular shift register operable to receive the variable key value from the circular shift register and serially scramble a serial data input in response to the variable key value.

Abstract: A method is provided for combining two or more input sequences in a communications system to increase a repetition period of the input sequences in a resource-efficient manner. The method includes a receiving step, a mapping step, and a generating step. The receiving step involves receiving a first number sequence and a second number sequence, each expressed in a Galois field GF[pk]. The mapping step involves mapping the first and second number sequences to a Galois extension field GF[pk+1]. The generating step involves generating an output sequence by combining the first number sequence with the second number sequence utilizing a Galois field multiplication operation in the Galois extension field GF[pk+1]. p is a prime number. k is an integer. pk+1 defines a finite field size of the Galois extension field GF[pk+1].

Abstract: A cryptographic system (CS) is provided. The CS (500) is comprised of a data stream receiving means (DSRM), a ring generator (RG) and an encryptor. The DSRM (602) provides a data stream (DS). The RG (400) includes a computing (404-408), converting (404-408) and permutation (410) means. The computing means is configured to perform RNS arithmetic operations to express a random number in a random number sequence as RNS residue values (RNSRV). The converting means is configured to convert each RNSRV to a relatively prime number system so that each RNSRV includes at least one digit. The permutation means is configured to generate an arbitrary permutation ordering of output sequence numbers (OSNs) using a select combination of digits associated with each RNSRV. The arbitrary permutation ordering is determined using a cyclic structure. The encryptor is configured to generate a modified data stream by combining the OSNs and DS.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reduction of a peak to average ratio for an OFDM transmit signal. In an aspect, a method is provided for reducing a peak to average ratio of a transmit waveform. The method includes obtaining a primary scrambler sequence, generating a secondary scrambler sequence having a length characteristic based on data to be scrambled, and combining the primary and secondary scrambler sequences to produce a PAR reduction sequence. In another aspect, an apparatus is provided for reducing a peak to average ratio of a transmit waveform. The apparatus includes a secondary generator configured to generate a secondary scrambler sequence having a length characteristic based on data to be scrambled, and combining logic configured to combine a primary scrambler sequence and the secondary scrambler sequences to produce a PAR reduction sequence.

Abstract: A method begins by a processing module receiving data to produce received data segments. The method continues with the processing module, in order of receiving the data segments, encrypting a data segment to produce an encrypted data segment, dispersed storage error encoding the encrypted data segment to produce a set of encoded data slices, buffering at least a number of encoded data slices of the set of encoded data slices to produce first buffered encoded data slices, and buffering remaining encoded data slices of the set of encoded data slices to produce second buffered encoded data slices. The method continues with the processing module outputting the first buffered encoded data slices and, at most, some of the second buffered encoded data slices in accordance with a pseudo random output sequencing order when a number of first buffered encoded data slices compares favorably to an outputting threshold.

Abstract: A first entity is provided having a first bit-pattern, resource data, a first base key, and a first variant key which is the result of applying a one way function to a second base key and the first bit-pattern. The first entity is configured to receive a request from a second entity to perform an operation on the resource data, where the second entity has a second bit-pattern and a second variant key which is the result of applying a one way function to the first base key and the second bit-pattern, perform the operation in the request to generate a response, digitally sign the response using the first base key to generate a digital signature, and send the response and the digital signature to the second entity so the second entity can verify the response using the second variant key.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to systems, methods, and apparatuses for suppressing power supply noise using data scrambling in double data rate memory systems. In some embodiments, an integrated circuit includes a transmit data path to transmit data to one or more memory devices. The transmit data path may include scrambling logic to generate, in parallel, N pseudo random outputs that are uncorrelated with each other. The output data and the pseudo random outputs are input to XOR logic. The transmit data path transmits the output the of XOR logic which has a substantially white frequency spectrum. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes a scrambling processing unit and a sending unit. The scrambling processing unit is configured to generate a Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence (PRBS), perform a modulo-2 addition on the pseudo-random sequence and data frame data to scramble the data frame data including first load data, use one section of a part of the pseudo-random sequence on which the modulo-2 addition is performed with the data frame data as an identification sequence, and carry status information corresponding to the identification sequence in frame header information. The sending unit is configured to send the frame header information carrying the status information and the scrambled first load data. Through the scrambling process, continuous run-lengths of “1” and “0” in the data frame data are quite short, while basically the same probability of occurrence is maintained, which is favorable to transmission of the data frame data, thereby alleviating error code problems.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for obtaining related information about a media program containing an audio signal, comprising: embedding an audio watermark containing identification information of the media program into the audio signal; transmitting the media program; recording a portion of the audio signal ; extracting the audio watermark from the recorded portion to obtain the identification information and providing the identification information to a server; and providing the user with the related information according to the identification information from the server, wherein the embedding comprises: performing pre-processing on the identification information to obtain pre-processed identification information; determining an echo delay array; modulating amplitudes of the plurality of pairs of antipodal echoes with the pre-processed identification information; repeating the amplitude-modulated plurality of pairs of antipodal echoes; and embedding the repeated and amplitude-modulated plurality of pairs o

Abstract: In one embodiment, a hybrid backplane coding scheme transmits data using lengthy sequences of scrambled data, separated by 8b/10b control character sequences that prepare the receiver for the next scrambled sequence and permit realignment if necessary. Several lanes are coded separately in this manner, and then multiplexed on a common channel. Alignment sequences in the control character sequences, as well as scrambler seeds, are set to avoid synchronization of patterns generated among all lanes, which would tend to confuse a receiving serdes and/or phase-locked loop that recovers timing from the multiplexed scrambled signals.

Abstract: A method and system for a user to obtain a derived value Kr of m bits, in which, given two pseudo-random functions g0 and g1 from m bits to m bits, said user obtains, on the basis of an input parameter consisting of a word r of n bits, a derived value Kr=grn? . . . gr2?gr1 (S), where, for i=1, . . . , n, gri=g0 if ri=0, and gri=g1 if ri=1, and where S is a master value of m bits which is not disclosed to said user. This method comprises the following steps: a search is conducted, from among a set of words of m bits Uj, where j=1, . . . , p, recorded in a table TU and equal to Uj=gvl(j)(j)? . . . gv2(j)?gv1(j) (S), where, for i=1, . . . , l(j), the indices vi(j) are predetermined bits, for a word U? equal to U?=grl(?)? . . . gr2?gr1 (S); said derived value Kr is thereafter obtained by calculating Kr=grn? . . . gr1(?)+1 (U?). Application to the encryption/decryption of pay-per-use digital contents, and to authentication.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to systems, methods, and apparatuses for suppressing power supply noise using data scrambling in double data rate memory systems. In some embodiments, an integrated circuit includes a transmit data path to transmit data to one or more memory devices. The transmit data path may include scrambling logic to generate, in parallel, N pseudo random outputs that are uncorrelated with each other. The output data and the pseudo random outputs are input to XOR logic. The transmit data path transmits the output the of XOR logic which has a substantially white frequency spectrum. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for implementing a card call service are disclosed in embodiments of the present invention. The method includes: obtaining card information of a user terminal when determining that a call initiated by the user terminal is a card call; providing a card call service for the user terminal when determining, according to the card information, that the card call is supported. It can be seen that NGN may provide a user terminal with a card call service when the user terminal initiating a card call has the card information which may support a card call, so that the satisfaction of users is remarkably improved.

Abstract: A memory subsystem includes a master controller that includes a pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) generator having a plurality of output taps and an exclusive-OR (XOR) unit. The memory subsystem also includes a memory device that is coupled to the master controller via a plurality of single ended bidirectional data paths. The master controller may scramble a plurality of data bits using the PRBS generator and the XOR unit prior to writing the plurality of data bits to the memory device. In addition, the master controller may perform an XOR between each bit of the plurality of data bits and a respective output tap of the PRBS generator prior to conveyance on a respective path of the plurality of single ended bidirectional data paths.

Abstract: A system is described for encryption and decryption of digital data prior to the digital data entering the memory of a digital device by generating a key, sub-key and combining the sub-key with mixed digital data, where the encryption and decryption occurs between the memory controller and the input output register.

Abstract: The present invention provides a scrambled compressed data distribution device that can perform a high-resistance scrambled compressed data distribution by selectively using a plurality of types of scramble information and a playback device thereof. A scrambling section scrambles compressed data by unique one of a plurality of scrambling methods. A hash value calculating section determines a hash value based on data b in a position where digital watermark data is not embedded, and an encrypting section encrypts the hash value with a secret key Sk(n) corresponding to the scrambling method and outputs an encrypted hash value c. A watermark data embedding section embeds the encrypted hash value in a watermark data embedding position of the data b and transmits the same as a compressed data stream d.

Abstract: A method and a system for generating personal promotion codes from the computing resources of a provider of services. Internal promotion codes including a family ID field and serial ID field of alphanumeric characters are first generated. The internal promotion codes are then encoded into a corresponding series of external promotion codes of alphanumeric characters, which render the internal promotion codes unintelligible. After which the series of external promotion codes is packed into an encrypted file which is forwarded to a client application of the provider of services to have the external promotion codes distributed to its customers. The external promotion codes later submitted to the client application by the customers are further validated by the provider of services. Validation of the external promotion codes submitted by the customers does not require that all generated external promotion codes need to be stored in a database of the provider of services.

Abstract: A method of encrypting broadcast and multicast data communicated between two or more parties, each party having knowledge of a shared key, is provided. The key is calculated using values, some of which are communicated between the parties, so that the shared key is not itself transferred. Avoiding the transfer of the key offers several advantages over existing encryption methods.

Abstract: A global key control mechanism provides a single point of overall control for key generation, but portions of the key generation and/or allocation tasks may be delegated to client computer systems, thereby reducing network traffic. The global key control mechanism may download a client key generation mechanism on one or more client computer systems, and may allocate a block of keys to the client key generation mechanism. Requests for keys may then be routed to the client key generation mechanism, which can generate and/or allocate keys within the block of keys that the global key control mechanism allocated to it. When the block of keys is used up, the client key generation mechanism may request another block from the global key control mechanism. The preferred embodiments also include the capability of downloading a client key generation mechanism with an associated block of keys once the requests from one or more client applications exceed a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A base station PDCCH (Packet Data Control Channel) apparatus for scrambling transmission packet data to prevent other terminals from recognizing the transmission packet data in a base station including a packet data channel device for transmitting packet data to a terminal and a packet data control channel device for transmitting control information needed for demodulation of the packet data to the terminal. In the apparatus, an encoder encodes the control information and generates a coded control information stream comprised of a stream of a plurality of bits. A scrambler generates a scrambling sequence using unique information known to only the terminal and the base station, and scrambles the coded control information stream with the scrambling sequence.

Abstract: Systems (100) and methods for selectively controlling access to data streams communicated from a first communication device (FCD) using a timeslotted shared frequency spectrum and shared spreading codes. Protected data signals (1301, . . . , 130S) are modulated to form first modulated signals (1321, . . . , 132S). The first modulated signals are combined with first chaotic spreading codes to form digital chaotic signals. The digital chaotic signals are additively combined to form a protected data communication signal (PDCS). The PDCS (136) and a global data communication signal (GDCS) are time division multiplexed to form an output communication signal (OCS). The OCS (140) is transmitted from FCD (102) to a second communication device (SCD) over a communications channel. The SCD (106, 108, 110) is configured to recover (a) only global data from the OCS, or (b) global data and at least some protected data from the OCS.

Abstract: A dynamic range of intensity modulation is set to range from a maximum intensity Smax to a minimum intensity Smin. A difference ?(=Smax?Smin) between the maximum intensity Smax and the minimum intensity Smin is divided by the number 2M of multilevel signals. Thus, a distance (an intensity difference) between adjacent signals is [?/2M]. The number 2M of multilevel signals is selected such that the distance [?/2M] between adjacent multilevel signals (between an intensity Si and an intensity Si+1) is sufficiently buried within a range of quantum fluctuations obtained when heterodyne measurements are made or buried within a range of quantum shot noise obtained when a direct detection is made. Bases of a basis group are each positioned for intensity signals so as to have a high intensity and a low intensity between which a distance is set to be a certain value smaller than a middle point intensity [?/2].

Abstract: In a wireless communication system, a method and system for a hardware accelerator for implementing the f9 integrity algorithm in WCDMA compliant handsets are provided. Intermediate variables may be initialized in an integrity function and a first processing block of bits and at least one additional processing block of bits may be generated for the integrity function from a padded string generated from input variables. Values for a first and a second processing variable may be generated for each processing stage based on a corresponding processing block of bits and on immediately generated previous first and second processing values. The first processing value may be generated utilizing a KASUMI operation after an indication that an immediately previous generated first processing value is available. An authentication code may be generated based on a last of the second processing values and a modified integrity key.

Abstract: Systems (100) and methods (400) for selectively controlling access to multiple data streams which are communicated using a shared frequency spectrum and shared spreading codes. The methods involve generating a first product signal (FPS) by spreading first symbols of a first amplitude modulated (AM) signal using a first spreading code (SC). The methods also involve generating a second product signal (SPS) by spreading second symbols of a complimentary AM signal using a second SC. The FPS (124) and SPS 126 are combined to form a protected data communication signal (PDCS) including first data recoverable by a receiver (106). A global data communication signal (GDCS) is combined with PDCS (128) to form an output signal (140) having a spread spectrum format. The GDCS is generated using a digital modulation process and includes second data recoverable by a plurality of receivers (106, 108).

Abstract: Tables are defined to permit output masking for table look-ups to be carried out to resist power analysis attacks on cryptographic operations. A set of individually defined random values is used to mask each entry in a substitution table, defining a masked substitution table. A mask table is also defined such that the values of each entry, masked with the corresponding random value, is the value of a fixed mask. The masked substitution tables and the mask tables may be used in cryptographic operations to permit the output of table look-ups to be masked, without directly using the fixed mask value in the computations of the cryptographic operations.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus wherein the stealthiness has been enhanced by significantly increasing the time required for a wiretapper to decrypt an encrypted text. The data communication apparatus is constituted by connecting a data transmitting apparatus and a data receiving apparatus via a transmission path. The data transmitting apparatus receives a first predetermined initial value (key information) and information data, generates a multi-valued signal the level of which varies substantially like a random number, and converts the multi-valued signal to a modulated signal of a predetermined modulation format for transmission. The data receiving apparatus demodulates the modulated signal to output the multi-valued signal, and then reproduces the information data from the multi-valued signal and a second predetermined initial value (key information) that is received.

Abstract: An improved system and approaches for protecting passwords are disclosed. A file security system for an organization operates to protect the files of the organization and thus prevents or limits users from accessing some or all of the files (e.g., documents) associated with the organization. According to one aspect, a password entered by a user is used, provided it is authenticated, to obtain a respective authentication string (a relatively longer string of numbers or characters). The retrieved authentication string is then used to enable the user to enter the file security system and/or to access secured files therein. According to another aspect, user passwords are not stored in the file security system to avoid security breaches due to unauthorized capture of user passwords.

Abstract: A highly concealable data communication apparatus based on an astronomical complexity and causing an eavesdropper to take a significantly increased time to analyze a cipher text, is provided. In a multi-level code generation section 111a, a random number sequence generation section 141 generates, based on predetermined key information 11, a plurality of modulation pseudo-random number sequences. The plurality of modulation pseudo-random number sequences is inputted to a multi-level conversion section 142 as a part of an input bit sequence which is converted into a multi-level code sequence 12. A multi-level processing section 111b combines the multi-level code sequence 12 and information data 10, and generates a multi-level signal 13 having a plurality of levels corresponding to a combination of the multi-level code sequence 12 and the information data 10.

Abstract: An encryption technique allowing use of classic Y-00 scheme performed using classic physical random numbers instead of quantum fluctuation in electrical communication and data storage in recording media, including a first modulation step for multilevel-modulating input data by associating with specific state pairs determined by physical random numbers, a second modulation step for outputting the output of the first step by irregularly associating with another signal by physical random numbers, and a channel coding step for channel-coding the output of the second step into desired codeword and outputting it as encrypted data, wherein the decoded signal obtained by channel-decoding the encrypted data can be discriminated which of specific state pairs the signal corresponds to and demodulated into the input data, and output by the first modulation by state pairs other than the specific state pairs and the second modulation by a physical random number different from the physical random number.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus wherein the stealthiness has been enhanced by significantly increasing the time required for a wiretapper to decrypt an encrypted text. The data communication apparatus is constituted by connecting a data transmitting apparatus and a data receiving apparatus via a transmission path. The data transmitting apparatus receives a first predetermined initial value (key information) and information data, generates a multi-valued signal the level of which varies substantially like a random number, and converts the multi-valued signal to a modulated signal of a predetermined modulation format for transmission. The data receiving apparatus demodulates the modulated signal to output the multi-valued signal, and then reproduces the information data from the multi-valued signal and a second predetermined initial value (key information) that is received.

Abstract: A first embodiment provides a process and system for simple, secure exchange of random numbers between two devices by combining a random number and a secret code (e.g., password) to generate a first challenge code, extracting the random number using the password at the second device, combining the first random number with a second random number, and returning the combination to the first device, which extracts the second random number from the second challenge code using its first random number. A CRC can be added to authenticate the sender. Another embodiment provides a system and method for generating a seedless pseudo-random number. The Yet another embodiment provides a system and method for generating data encryption coding with variable clocking.

Abstract: A method and system for creating random cryptographic keys in hardware is described. One or more bits are generated via one or more random bit circuits. Each random bit circuit includes a sensing device coupled to a first device and a second device to compare the first device against the second device and to generate a random bit from a random state value. The generated bits from the random bit circuits are read, and a cryptographic key may then be computed based on the generated bits.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for address privacy protection for a first wireless device sharing a privacy key with a second wireless device. In the method, a first resolution tag is generated at the first wireless device using a pseudo-random function with the seed value and the privacy key as input arguments. The privacy key is only known to the first and second wireless devices. A privacy address is generated for the first wireless device based on the seed value and the first resolution tag. A packet is transmitted from the first wireless device to the second wireless device. The packet includes the privacy address and the first resolution tag.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed to provide randomized signal transforms and/or their applications. More particularly, a signal (e.g., an audio signal, an image, or a video signal) is transformed by applying randomly-selected basis functions to the signal. The applications of the randomized signal transforms include, but are not limited to, compression, denoising, hashing, identification, authentication, and data embedding (e.g., watermarking).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for securely streaming multimedia packets, such as RTP packets, are disclosed, in which the payloads of the packets are shuffled. This reordering is performed using a shuffling function that depends on sequence numbers associated with each of the packets, a pre-determined group size N, and a pre-determined initialization value; in some embodiments this shuffling function comprises a cryptographic hashing function or other one-way function. A receiving device may reverse the shuffling, using a similar shuffling function, if the pre-determined group size N and the pre-determined initialization value are known.