Abstract: A directional speaker system and an automatic set-up method thereof, whereby a steering angle of the directional speaker system is automatically set up. The method includes generating a plurality of signals, converting the plurality of signals into a plurality of sound beams that orient virtual speaker candidate positions using a directional speaker, extracting a physical value to determine directivity from each of the plurality of sound beams input to a microphone, and setting a steering angle of a relevant virtual speaker position by comparing the physical values of the sound beams to each other.

Abstract: A portable sound system for use in portable devices such as laptops or mobile phones is described using the principles of parametric sound generation to create a virtual headphone-like system using focusable and steerage beams of ultrasonic sound emitted from a portage phased array or similar source of ultrasonic sound beams, focused at the vicinity of the left and right ear of the user. The system being also capable of producing audible surround sound and adapted to compensate for head motion through use of an optical based tracking system.

Abstract: High and low frequency components Cn1, Cn2 are generated by causing a center channel audio signal Cn to pass through a high-pass filter HPF and a low-pass filter LPF, and the high frequency component Cn1 is supplied to the center channel loudspeaker SPC. Also, two low frequency components Cn2L, Cn2R, which have a different phase mutually, are generated by causing the low frequency component Cn2 to pass through phase shifters 2, 3. An synthesized audio signal SL is generated by synthesizing the low frequency component Cn2L and the front-left channel audio signal FL, and then supplied to the front-left channel loudspeaker SPL. An synthesized audio signal SR is generated by synthesizing the low frequency component Cn2R and the front-right channel audio signal FR, and is supplied to the front-right channel loudspeaker SPR.

Abstract: A front surround sound reproduction system using a speaker array, a front surround sound reproduction system to perform stereo localization using a beam forming speaker array, and a surround sound reproduction method thereof. A front surround sound reproduction apparatus using a plurality of speakers includes a first signal processing unit to adjust a frequency characteristic of each first and second channel signal and to output the adjusted signals to left and right speakers assigned according to a frequency band, a second signal processing unit to generate a plurality of channel signals by copying the first and second channel signals, to adjust a signal characteristic of each of the plurality of channel signals, and to output the adjusted signals to a speaker array in the center, and a speaker unit having a plurality of speakers to reproduce the signals output from the first signal processing unit and the second signal processing unit.

Abstract: A wireless multi-channel audio system is provided. The audio system includes a multiplexer, a transmitting antenna, a transmitter, and M playback apparatuses. First, the multiplexer receives M channels of audio signals and adds an ith identification to the ith channel of audio signals among the M channels of audio signals. Next, the multiplexer mixes the M channels of audio signals to generate a mixed signal in a time-division multiplexing way. After receiving the mixed signal from the multiplexer, the transmitter transmits the mixed signal through the transmitting antenna. The ith playback apparatus among the M playback apparatuses includes an ith antenna, an ith receiver, and an ith loudspeaker. The ith receiver receives the ith channel of audio signals from the mixed signal according to the ith identification and through the ith antenna. And, the ith loudspeaker plays back the ith channel of audio signal received by the ith receiver.

Abstract: A surround speaker system according to the present invention includes an integral speaker in which a surround speaker is integrally formed with a front speaker, a canceling device for canceling a directly propagating sound of the surround speaker, and a reflective device for reflecting the output sound of the surround speaker.

Abstract: A sound recording and reproduction system for testing hearing and hearing aids is disclosed. Recordings of sound are made in a real word acoustic environment, for example, which are stored as audio signals. In a testing environment, a plurality of loudspeakers is located about a listening position where a test subject is placed during a testing procedure. The plurality of loudspeakers receive at least a portion of the plurality of the stored audio signals, and convert those audio signals received into a combination of sounds that produce, at the listening position, acoustic elements of the real world acoustic environment where the recordings were made. The system enables, in a clinical or other test setting, the evaluation of hearing and/or hearing aid performance as if in a real world environment.

Abstract: An acoustic image localization processing device that can localize an acoustic image of reproduced sound in an arbitrary position according to the circumstances of reproduction. To accomplish this, an acoustic image localization processing device includes a decoder that reproduces reproduction acoustic signals and angle selection signals SA from a DVD disc; angle selection specification signals that specify modification of the acoustic image position with respect to an angle selection signal; a synthesis circuit that performs processing to modify the acoustic image localization position of reproduced acoustic signals by using the angle selection signal, modified by the angle selection specification signal; and speakers that output reproduced sound, with the acoustic image localized in the modified acoustic image localization position.

Abstract: A method and system accept left and right channel inputs of audio data and provide output audio data for at least three channels in a fashion that may effect a facsimile of the original soundstage on which the left and right inputs were recorded.

Abstract: In a vehicle alarm sound outputting device, in a filter coefficient generator, interpolation of filter coefficients is carried out in accordance with the relative position between a vehicle and an object by using head related transfer functions serving as base data in a filter coefficient interpolator. Particularly when the object moves, the relative position of the object is sequentially grasped while following the movement of the object, and the interpolation of the filter coefficients is carried out. In a filter coefficient synthesizer, the interpolated head related transfer functions and the cross-talk removing filter coefficients are combined with one another to generate virtual sound source filter coefficients. The virtual sound source filter coefficients generated in the filter coefficient generator are convoluted with the audio data of an alarm sound, and audio signals of the virtual sound source are generated in connection with the right and left speakers.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for controlling a surround sound system having multiple input signals and multiple spatially diverse transducers may include defining a first control region and a second control region. When operating in the first control region, a first set of functions is performed. For example, for each of the spatially diverse transducers, an input signal may be selected, a relative strength of the selected input signal may be adjusted, and the adjusted input signal may be applied to the transducer. When operating in the second control region, a second set of functions is performed. For example, for each of the spatially diverse transducers, two or more input signals may be selected, a relative strength of the selected input signals may be adjusted, the adjusted input signals may be mixed, and the mixed input signals may be applied to the transducer.

Abstract: A signal processing system for use in a multichannel audio system. The signal processing system includes a first channel having a first audio signal. A second channel is included that has at least a second audio signal. A processor is included that is responsive to a signal level threshold in the first channel, such that at the threshold and above the threshold, a portion of the first channel audio signal is mixed into the at least a second audio channel.

Abstract: High and low frequency components Cn1, Cn2 are generated by causing a center channel audio signal Cn to pass through a high-pass filter HPF and a low-pass filter LPF, and the high frequency component Cn1 is supplied to the center channel loudspeaker SPC. Also, two low frequency components Cn2L, Cn2R, which have a different phase mutually, are generated by causing the low frequency component Cn2 to pass through phase shifters 2, 3. An synthesized audio signal SL is generated by synthesizing the low frequency component Cn2L and the front-left channel audio signal FL, and then supplied to the front-left channel loudspeaker SPL. An synthesized audio signal SR is generated by synthesizing the low frequency component Cn2R and the front-right channel audio signal FR, and is supplied to the front-right channel loudspeaker SPR.

Abstract: A sound reproduction system comprises a left and right speakers located in close proximity, and a sound processor which provides audio signals to the pair of speakers. The sound processor preferably derives a cancellation signal from the difference between the left and right channels. The resulting difference signal is scaled, delayed (if necessary), and spectrally modified before being added to the left channel and, in opposite polarity, to the right channel. The spectral modification to the difference channel preferably takes the form of a low-frequency boost over a specified frequency range, in order to restore the correct timbral balance after the differencing process. Additional phase-compensating all-pass networks may be inserted in the difference channel to correct for any extra phase shift contributed by the spectral modifying circuit. The technique may be used in a surround sound system.

Abstract: In a loudspeaker system with main and sub-speakers, a modified and inverted left surround signal is added to the signals driving the right main speaker and a modified and inverted right surround signal is added to the signals driving the Left Main Speaker for the purpose of creating more credible rear located phantom sound images. In a system using variations of a difference signal to create phantom rear located sound images, the components of the difference signal are modified by introducing a time delay to one of the components for the purpose of preventing the components of the difference signal from substantially canceling each other. The components of the difference signal may be modified by altering the relative level and frequency response of the components for the purpose of preventing the components of the difference signal from substantially canceling each other.

Abstract: A multichannel audio format provides a truly discrete as well as a backward compatible mix for surround-sound, front or other discrete audio channels in cinema, home theater, or music environments. The additional discrete audio signals are mixed with the existing discrete audio channels into a predetermined format such as the 5.1 audio format. In addition these additional discrete audio channels are encoded and appended to the predetermined format as extension bits in the bitstream. The existing base of multichannel decoders can be used in combination with a mix decoder to reproduce truly discrete N.1 multichannel audio.

Abstract: A sound processing system reduces the instances when only a center speaker is heard. The gain of a volume setting is adjusted for individual speakers in response to one or more input signals. The gain of the center speaker is attenuated in relation to the global volume setting. In addition or as an alternative, the gain of front and/or rear speakers is increased. A virtual center channel is generated for locations where the center speaker may not be heard.

Abstract: A system and method are described for rendering a left rear surround input signal at a left rear virtual speaker location and rendering a right rear surround input signal at a right rear virtual speaker location. The method includes phase shifting the left rear surround input signal by a first phase shift. The right rear surround input signal is phase shifted by a second phase shift. The phase shifted left rear surround input signal is phase shifted using an HRTF selected to render the left rear surround input signal at the left rear virtual speaker location. The phase shifted right rear surround input signal is transformed using an HRTF selected to render the right rear surround input signal at the right rear virtual speaker location.

Abstract: A sound processing system adaptively mixes active matrix decoding and passive matrix processing of incoming audio signals. Mixed output signals are generated with active matrix decoding where the audio signals are stereo. Mixed output signals are generated with passive matrix processing where the audio signals are monaural. The sound processing system reduces the degree of active matrix decoding in the mixed output signals where the incoming audio signals are stereo and monaural. The sound processing system also generates virtual stereo signals from incoming audio signals having monaural signals. Mixed output signals are generated of the virtual stereo signals using active matrix decoding.

Abstract: A method for processing and transducing audio signals. An audio system has a first audio signal and a second audio signal that have amplitudes. A method for processing the audio signals includes dividing the first audio signal into a first spectral band signal and a second spectral band signal; scaling the first spectral band signal by a first scaling factor proportional to the amplitude of the second audio signal; and scaling the first spectral band signal by a second scaling factor to create a second signal portion. Other portions of the disclosure include application of the signal processing method to multichannel audio systems, and to audio systems having different combinations of directional loudspeakers, full range loudspeakers, and limited range loudspeakers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing multi-channel audio signals in which the channels are processed by one of alternatively selectable processes to produce an alternatively selectable number of output channels, the process being responsive to information contained in the input signal.

Abstract: A system reproducing surround phonic sound is simply constructed by a multichannel acoustic signal reproducing apparatus having at least a DVD reproducing section. A DVD, a CD, a radio or the like and speakers are provided integrally with the multichannel acoustic signal reproducing apparatus and the integral system is made movable. The acoustic signal reproducing apparatus is connected to a television receiver by an IEEE1394 interface or a USB interface. Speakers of the television receiver are used as main speakers and the speakers of a multichannel acoustic signal reproducing apparatus main body are used as sub-speakers such as rear speakers. The main speakers are controllable from the main body side.

Abstract: A sound system and method for modeling a sound field generated by a sound source and creating a sound event based on the modeled sound field is disclosed. The system and method captures a sound field over an enclosing surface, models the sound field and enables reproduction of the modeled sound field. Explosion type acoustical radiation may be used. Further, the reproduced sound field may be modeled and compared to the original sound field model.

Abstract: Face of a listener (user) is photographed by a CCD camera, and a face width and auricle size of the listener are detected on the basis of the picture of the listener's face. Head-related transfer functions, which are transfer functions of sounds propagated from virtual rear loudspeakers to both ears of the listener, are calculated, using the detected face width and auricle size as head shape data of the listener. Then, a filter process is performed by a DSP of a USB amplifier unit so as to attain characteristics of the head-related transfer functions, as a result of which sound image localization of the rear loudspeakers can be achieved via front loudspeakers.

Abstract: In a multi viewer environment where multiple viewers simultaneously experience an audio-visual production, with the visual production occurring on a display surface, a method of increasing the perceived reality of the audio stream of the production, the method comprising the steps of: (a) locating a series of speakers along a periphery of the viewing audience; (b) panning an audio stream between the series of speakers so as to provide for the sense of an audio sound moving along the side of the viewing audience. In preferred embodiments, the output of one of the speakers is delayed relative to another speaker.

Abstract: A process for enhancing ambience in an audio signal output that is derived from an audio signal input in a dual channel audio ambience extraction circuit. The process includes cross-coupling of audio signals in one channel with audio signals in another channel. Each of the cross-coupled signals is attenuated and delayed by an adjustable time period that is within a haas delay time and is then applied in the feedback path to a summing input of an opposite channel. At the summing input, the signals are mixed with subsequent audio signal inputs to that channel. All of the attenuated and delayed signals are continuously applied to outputs of the extraction circuit during the cross-coupling process. The output signals comprise the original signals plus delayed and attenuated reproductions of the original signal along with continuing signals that are submitted to the extraction circuit subsequent to the initial signals.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a system and method for isolating a failure in a speaker system. This is accomplished by providing diagnostic processing circuitry, which directs specific test signal(s) to the speakers of a speaker system. The test signals may be designed to allow a user to directionally localize a sound source to determine if a particular speaker is functional. The test signals also may be designed so a user or listener may distinguish sound emanating from a low frequency driver such as a subwoofer versus other speakers. The diagnostic processing circuitry may be located in any of the individual speakers or other common components of a speaker system.

Abstract: A wireless speaker system used in conjunction with a hard-wired audio system is provided. The wireless speaker system includes a wireless transmitter module including an input connected to a wired speaker output of a main component of the hard-wired audio system. The wireless transmitter module transmits an output signal of a predefined frequency carrying the output signal of the main component. A wireless receiver module including an output connected to the wired speaker input of the external speaker receives the output signal on the predefined frequency and the external speaker responds to the output signal.

Abstract: A system for evaluating the quality of an audio test signal derived from an audio reference signal by coding and decoding, said audio test signal and said audio reference signal each comprising a plurality of channels, comprises a unit for converting the audio reference signal into a first audio reference sum signal at a first reference point and into a second audio reference sum signal at a second reference point and for converting the audio test signal into a first audio test sum signal at the first reference point and into a second audio test sum signal at the second reference point, the audio reference sum signals and the audio test sum signals at the first and second reference points being a superposition of the respective channels, which can be emitted by a plurality of loudspeakers, weighted with a respective transfer function between the respective loudspeaker and the reference point in question, and a unit for evaluating the quality of the audio test sum signals while taking into consideration the au

Abstract: There is provided a surround device which processes stereo signals decoded by a decoder of a multi-channel surround method comprises boost means which boosts middle and low frequency components of a center channel signal in the stereo signals. There is also provided a surround device which processes stereo signals decoded by a decoder of a Dolby Pro Logic method comprises boost means which boosts high frequency components of a surround channel signal in the stereo signals. The boost means is composed of a level detector for detecting an output level of the channel signal, an operation portion for calculating and determining an amount of boost based on a result of the level detector, and a signal boost portion for boosting the channel signal based on a result of the operation portion.

Abstract: A method for processing sound effects in a notebook computer to support several sound effect modes. First, the method determines whether or not the pre-assigned sound effect mode is the stereo mode, assigns a line-out jack as a dual-channel output terminal and assigns a Mic-in jack as a sound-effect input terminal if the sound effect mode is the stereo mode. If the sound effect mode is not the stereo mode, a 4-channel or 5.1 -channel determination is made. If the sound effect mode is the 4-channel mode, the Mic-in jack is assigned as an output terminal for front sound effects, and the line-out jack is assigned an output terminal for surround sound effects. If the sound effect mode is the 5.1-channel mode, the Mic-in jack is assigned as an output terminal for woof and center sound effects, the line-out jack is assigned as an output terminal for surround sound effects, and the build-in speaker is assigned as an output for front sound effects.

Abstract: A first selector switch outputs a second audio signal of m channel corresponding to a selected second zone to a power amplifier of the m channel and a second selector switch couples output of the power amplifier of the m channel to a speaker terminal for the selected second zone whereby an audio signal can be supplied to either one of a plurality of second zones. In one aspect of the invention, a first selector switch outputs a second audio signal of m channel corresponding to a selected second zone to a power amplifier of the m channel determined by a control section and a second selector switch couples output of the m channel determined by the control section to a speaker terminal for the selected second zone whereby an audio signal can be supplied to one or more zones among plural second zones.

Abstract: This invention provides a system capable of transitioning from surround sound effect to stereo sound effect, and then to a monophonic sound effect using front speakers. A user may control the amount of surround sound effect that is combined with stereo sound effect, and the amount of stereo sound effect that is combined with monophonic sound effect. The user may also control the system to hear pure surround sound effect, stereo sound effect, or monophonic sound effect. The system may allow a user to control the contribution of a particular sound effect by controlling the relative proportions of the filtered dipole signals and the attenuated unfiltered dipole signals. The signal processing may be also done through an analog device. The system may also process some audio channels in an inverted form and compensate for these inversions by reversing the polarity of that output to the speaker, as well as accept two-channel and four-channel audio inputs.

Abstract: An integrated individual listening device and decoder for receiving an audio signal including a decoder for decoding the audio signal by separating the audio signal into a voice signal and a background signal, a first end-user adjustable amplifier coupled to the voice signal and amplifying the voice signal; a second end-user adjustable amplifier coupled to the background signal and amplifying the background signal; a summing amplifier coupled to outputs of said first and second end-user adjustable amplifiers and outputting a total audio signal, said total signal being coupled to an individual listening device.

Abstract: The production of multidirectional or instantaneous live virtual surround sound broadcasting is obtained by positioning a plurality of microphones on an oval frame in a predetermined pattern and with a predetermined orientation, connecting the microphones to a virtual surround semiconductor chip and connecting outputs from the semiconductor chip to a pair of speakers.

Abstract: Surround-effect, providing no unnatural feeling to the listeners who sit next to each other under side-by-side basis through virtual sound sources, is realized. A surround left channel signal SL and a surround right channel signal SR are mixed with an adder 10 and are in monaural. A first monophonic signal and a second monophonic signal thus resulted are supplied to a virtual localization processor 12. A first virtual localization output of the processor 12 is supplied to a front left speaker SPL and a front right speaker SPR and a second virtual localization output thereof is supplied to a front center speaker SPC. In this way, virtual sound sources can be created at the right and the left to the listener 2. Similarly, virtual sound sources can also be created at the right and the left to the listener 3. Sound fields from the virtual surround sources are in reverse to the listener 2 and the listener 3.

Abstract: A sound reproduction system has pairs of sound emitters that subtend different angles ?, the span angle, at the listener position. The pairs of sound emitters are arranged to be excited by different frequency bands of the signal output from an inverse filter means (Hh, Hl). The operational span-frequency range of the pairs of sound emitters is determined by an equation (I) where the transducer span ? is the angle subtended at the listener by a pair of transducers, where O<n<2. c0: is the speed of sound, and ?r: is the equivalent distance between the ears. The sound emitters may be discrete speaker units, the different pairs of units being positioned at different span angles, or they be constituted by area portions of an extended transducer (FIG. 10). When discrete speaker units are employed a cross-over filter (FIG. 28) is used to provide drive signals in the different frequency bands to the different speaker pairs.

Abstract: A first selector switch outputs a second audio signal of m channel corresponding to a selected second zone to a power amplifier of the m channel and a second selector switch couples output of the power amplifier of the m channel to a speaker terminal for the selected second zone whereby an audio signal can be supplied to either one of a plurality of second zones. In one aspect of the invention, a first selector switch outputs a second audio signal of m channel corresponding to a selected second zone to a power amplifier of the m channel determined by a control section and a second selector switch couples output of the m channel determined by the control section to a speaker terminal for the selected second zone whereby an audio signal can be supplied to one or more zones among plural second zones.

Abstract: A setting up operation for connecting a number of speakers can be easily executed by a system in which setups and pattern numbers are stored in a memory. When the user operates an operation input unit and selects an easy setup, a default setting pattern number is read out from the memory and displayed on the display. The user operates encoders by watching display contents on a display. When the pattern number corresponding to his own speaker construction obtained by a chart or the like is displayed, he determines it by a key operation. A microcomputer stores the determined pattern number in a memory and the speaker setup corresponding to the pattern number is read out from a ROM in the microcomputer. Each unit of an acoustic apparatus is controlled on the basis of the read-out speaker setup, thereby performing the speaker setup. The user can perform the speaker setup merely by inputting the pattern number using the encoders.

Abstract: The sound reproduction system is of the kind which comprises electro-acoustic transducer means, and transducer drive means for driving the electro-acoustic transducer means in response to a plurality of channels of a sound recording. The electro-acoustic transducer means comprises sound emitters which are spaced-apart in use, the transducer drive means comprising filter means that has been designed and configured with the aim of reproducing at a listener location an approximation to the local sound field that would be present at the listener's ears in recording space, taking into account the characteristics and intended positioning of the sound emitters relative to the ears of the listener, and also taking into account the head related transfer functions of the listener.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method designed to stimulate the presence of one or more sound sources in virtual positions in three-dimensional space, in the perception of a listener occupying a real physical space, by means of suitable drive loudspeakers whose position is not perceived by the said listener, and a device for the implementation of the said method.

Abstract: A multimedia car stereo system and particularly to a multimedia car stereo system that has a center sound track source to match speakers installed at different locations that output sound to generate a surrounding sound effect. It mainly includes a front left speaker, a front right speaker, a rear left speaker, a rear right speaker, a center speaker and a matching car stereo host machine. The center speaker is located on the central control station at the front side of the car to provide the center sound track source. Mating the output sound from other speakers mounted on different locations, a surrounding sound effect like that in the theater may be achieved in the car.

Abstract: Multi-channel headphones capable of providing quality 3-dimensional (3-D) sound in an atmosphere of intimacy and privacy for individuals is provided. The multi-channel headphones ensure high-quality 3-D sound reproduction with accurate phase using distinct speaker units for multiple channels. The multi-channel headphones includes at least two speaker units for each ear piece, each for generating distinct sounds from multiple channels; and at least two enclosures in each of which each of the at least two speaker units arc installed. The multi-channel headphones include a sound guide portion in each of the enclosures to guide the sound emanating from the corresponding speaker unit into the listener's ear. A diffraction effect of the sound from the rear speaker can be induced.

Abstract: In a sound signal playback machine and method thereof, predetermined high frequency components are extracted from sound signals SL to SC of a main channel by high frequency pass filters 21 to 25, and these high frequency components are respectively played back by speakers. At the same time, predetermined low frequency components are extracted from sound signals SL to SC of the main channel by low frequency pass filters. These low frequency components and sound signal SLFE exclusively used for the low frequency band are added to each other, and the thus obtained addition signal is played back by the speaker 66. In this case, the degree of the low frequency pass filters is set higher than the degree of the high frequency pass filters, and the high frequency component is delayed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to localization of an acoustic image out of the head in hearing a reproduced sound via headphone, and includes the steps of: with audio signals S1-S11 of left, right channels reproduced by an appropriate audio appliances as input signals, branching the input signals of the left and right channels to at least two systems; to form signals of each systems corresponding to the left, right channels with left, right speaker sounds imagined in an appropriate sound space with respect to the head of a listener wearing a headphone Hp and virtual reflected sound in the virtual sound space SS caused from a sound generated from the left and the right virtual speaker SPL, SPR, creating a virtual speaker sound signal by processing so that the virtual speaker sounds from the left and the right speakers are expressed by direct sound signals, and virtual reflected sound signals by processing so that the virtual reflected sound is expressed by reflected sound signals; mixing the direct sound signal and re

Abstract: The invention intends to provide an audio output control circuit capable of reproducing the audio signals inputted to the external input terminals in the multi-channel audio reproduction system with a simplified circuit configuration. The control circuit furnishes the external input terminals with a detection circuit composed of a switch for electrically connecting both of the external input terminals, and a switch circuit. The switch is in a connection state in the normal condition, but when a plug is inserted into the one of the terminals, the switch is made disconnected. When the plug is inserted only into the other one of the terminals, and the monaural signal is inputted, the same monaural signal is outputted from the two terminals. The switch circuit being put in ON and OFF by a current from the other one of the terminals detects the insertion state of a plug.

Abstract: A calibration system for calibrating multi-channel sound systems. The calibration system includes a method for calibrating a sound system that includes a plurality of loudspeakers. The method includes steps of mapping the plurality of loudspeakers into a virtual loudspeaker system representation displayable to a user, activating at least one calibration function that creates a calibration signal that is reproduced by one or more of the plurality of loudspeakers to produce a calibration sound perceivable by the user, modifying the virtual loudspeaker system representation to include a virtual calibration indicator that indicates a characteristic of the calibration signal, and adjusting the virtual calibration indicator based on a user input, wherein when the virtual calibration indicator is adjusted, a corresponding adjustment is made to the characteristic of the calibration signal until a selected calibration sound is achieved.

Abstract: Original head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are modified for a non-standard dimensioned head. The HRTF includes a near-ear response function, a far-ear response function, and an inter-aural time delay (ITD). The modified HRTF resembles an HRTF approximating that derived for a listener having different head and/or ear dimensions to the standard dimensions. The ITD value of the HRTF is multiplied by a given scaling factor independent of frequency. The near ear and/or far ear response function of the HRTF is multiplied by a constant scaling factor in the frequency domain independent of time delay, to expand or compress the functions in the frequency domain. The near ear and/or far ear response function of the HRTF are provided with a positive or negative offset value in the frequency domain. The amplitude of the near ear and/or far ear response function of the original HRTF(s) is (are) multiplied by a given gain factor.

Abstract: A phase-conversion surround circuitry gives surround effects to right- and left-channel audio signals. An audio difference signal between the right- and left-channel audio signals is delayed at a specific time constant. The delayed audio difference signal is combined with the right- and left-channel audio signals, thus composite audio signals being generated. The time constant is periodically varying under oscillation at frequency of 12 Hz or less.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for controlling a surround sound system having multiple input signals and multiple spatially diverse transducers may include defining a first control region and a second control region. When operating in the first control region, a first set of functions is performed. For example, for each of the spatially diverse transducers, an input signal may be selected, a relative strength of the selected input signal may be adjusted, and the adjusted input signal may be applied to the transducer. When operating in the second control region, a second set of functions is performed. For example, for each of the spatially diverse transducers, two or more input signals may be selected, a relative strength of the selected input signals may be adjusted, the adjusted input signals may be mixed, and the mixed input signals may be applied to the transducer.