Abstract: An MR system compensates for patient movement by generating a magnetic field for acquiring, first data representing individual frequency components of a segment of a k-space storage array during a first time period and second data representing individual frequency components of the segment of the k-space storage array during a subsequent second time period. The first and second data comprise individual frequency components of different images of a portion of the anatomy of a patient. The system uses the first and second data in calculating a measure representing degree of patient related motion occurring between acquisition of the first data and second data and generates an image by excluding frequency components of the first data and second data in response to the calculated measure exceeding the predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a signal indicative of a single user selected imaging protocol for scanning a patient. The imaging protocol includes parameters for two or more of a bone mineral density, a fat composition, or an aortic calcium imaging procedures. The method further includes performing a single scan of the patient using the single user selected protocol. The method further includes generating a single set of image data for the two or more of a bone mineral density, a fat composition, or an aortic calcium imaging procedures.

Abstract: A system and method for analyzing and visualizing a local feature of interest includes access of a clinical image dataset comprising clinical image data acquired from a patient, identification of a region of interest (ROI) from the clinical image dataset, and extraction of at least one local feature corresponding to the ROI. The system and method also include definition of a local feature dataset comprising data representing at least one local feature, access of a pre-computed reference dataset comprising image data representing an expected value of the at least one identified derived characteristic of interest, and comparison of the characteristic dataset to the pre-computed reference dataset. Further, the system and method include calculation of at least one deviation metric from the comparison and output of a visualization of the at least one deviation metric.

Abstract: Extensive databases of well-annotated reports are important knowledge sources in medical workflows, such as in radiology. These are typically accessed by the healthcare professional looking for reports similar to a current case being evaluated. However, filling and maintaining such databases requires considerable effort. A system is provided for storing a candidate report, comprising a searcher configured to retrieve one or more queries from a query database; to retrieve the candidate report from a user input; to execute the one or more queries on the candidate report to determine the relevance of the candidate report, and to store the candidate report in the report database if the relevance exceeds a predetermined value. This provides a check, prior to storing, to evaluate whether a candidate report would actually be a worthwhile addition to the database. If not, it is by default not added.

Abstract: A system and method to process an image file from an image source before storage on a physical storage medium. The image file can include an image data and an identifier data of a person. The system can comprise a receiver connected in communication to receive the image file from the image source. The receiver can be configured to de-identify the identifier data from each part of the image file as presented to the receiver prior to being subsequently stored on the physical storage medium.

Abstract: Image processing apparatus (100) for creating an overlaid presentation of a first input image (101) and a second input image (102) in an output image (108), the first input image comprising input values, the output image comprising vectors of output values, the vectors of output values representing colors of the output image, and the apparatus comprising an input (110) for obtaining the first input put image and the second input image, a rendering unit (140) configured for rendering the first input image in the output image by using a first mapping function for representing the input values in the vectors of output values, a predictor (120) configured for predicting the second input image from the first input image for obtaining a predicted second input image (104), a residual calculator (130) configured for calculating a residual image (106) from the second input image and the predicted second input image, the residual image comprising residual values representing prediction errors of the predicted second in

Abstract: A method is provided for automatic contour filter positioning for medical X-ray imaging in an X-ray apparatus comprising a collimator and at least one movable contour filter actuated by a motor based positioning subsystem, wherein a digital image in a frame of rows and columns of pixels is rendered for processing and obtaining control data for applying a contour filter. The method comprises identifying exposure of subareas, preparing for filter positioning, and defining filter position.

Abstract: The measuring unit computes at least one of an area and a perimetrical length of a polygon, based on three or more measuring points including an indeterminate point of which a position is changed by a move instruction input through an operation unit, wherein the measuring points are designated on the image by an instruction of a user input through the operation unit. The controller updates the position of the indeterminate point, when the move instruction is input through the operation unit after display the computational result, controls the measuring unit to recompute at least one of the area and the perimetrical length of the polygon based on the measuring points including the updated indeterminate point, and controls the display unit to display at least one of the recomputed area and the recomputed perimetrical length of the polygon, as recomputational result after updated the indeterminate point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and devices for analyzing x-ray images. In particular, devices, methods and algorithms are provided that allow for the accurate and reliable evaluation of bone structure and macro-anatomical parameters from x-ray images.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for evaluating treatment parameters for a patient undergoing radiotherapy. The method includes the step of generating a portal dosimetry image showing differences between a planning image obtained prior to a treatment session and a portal image obtained during the treatment session. A database of prior portal dosimetry results is accessed, and a processor is used to perform a similarity measurement between the portal dosimetry image and the prior portal dosimetry results. Based on the similarity measurement, the system determines whether radiation was delivered as planned during the treatment session.

Abstract: An image analysis embodiment comprises generating a bulge mask from a digital image, the bulge mask comprising potential convergence hubs for spiculated anomalies, detecting ridges in the digital image to generate a detected ridges map, projecting the detected ridges map onto a set of direction maps having different directional vectors to generate a set of ridge direction) projection maps, determining wedge features for the potential convergence hubs from the set of ridge direction projection maps, selecting ridge convergence hubs from the potential convergence hubs having strongest wedge features, extracting classification features for each of the selected ridge convergence hubs, and classifying the selected ridge convergence hubs based on the extracted classification features.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and a method for producing an image of a physical object and to a computer program element and a computer readable medium.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a region setting unit configured to set a specific region where a reflection may occur in an image, a size setting unit configured to set a size of an object to be detected in association with a position in the image, and a changed region detection unit configured to detect a changed region by comparing a background model and an input image, wherein the changed region detection unit outputs the changed region in the specific region based on the size of the object associated with a position of the changed region, in a case where the changed region extends beyond a boundary of the specific region.

Abstract: A method for radiographic imaging obtains a radiographic image of a patient's chest and processes the obtained image to generate a default radiographic image and a bone-enhanced image. At least a portion of one or more ribs within the default radiographic image is detected and a rib mask generated according to the at least the detected portion of the one or more ribs. The rib mask is applied to the bone-enhanced image to define masked enhanced image content that includes the detected at least the portion of one or more ribs. A composite image that combines the masked enhanced image content with the default radiographic image is generated and displayed.

Abstract: An image array includes pixels, each representing an image-based feature value of a patient obtained from imaging. The array includes first and second dimensions. Pixels corresponding to a specific patient of a plurality of patients extend in the first dimension and pixels corresponding to a specific feature of a plurality of features extend in the second dimension. Patients represented in the image array are grouped into two or more groups. Each indicates a known condition, such that patients having a first and second conditions are respectively part of a first and a second group and are in a first and a second portion of the array, respectively. The groups are separately organized according to a selected feature. Patients of the first and second groups are respectively arranged in an order of values for the selected feature within the first and second portions.

Abstract: A search processing unit of a central server searches for radiographing information matched with a designated radiographing part, among all items of the radiographing information of a medical facility having radiographing information matched with a detection device ID from a storage device. A sorting unit performs classification into medical facilities (first group), in which the radiation dose after an X-ray image detection device of the designated detection device ID is introduced has changed from that before the introduction, and medical facilities (second group) in which the radiation dose after the X-ray image detection device of the designated detection device ID is introduced has not changed. A statistical data generation unit generates a histogram, in which the range of radiation dose is set as the class on the horizontal axis and the number of medical facilities is set as the frequency on the vertical, for each of first and second groups.

Abstract: A portable backscatter advanced imaging technology scanner with automated threat or target recognition including: a floor assembly having a cantilever drive assembly for rotating the floor assembly, the floor assembly being able to be partitioned into multiple parts for reassembly; at least one x-ray tube oriented towards selected sides of a test subject; a detector assembly oriented on the circumference of the floor assembly, the detector assembly being able to partitioned into multiple parts for reassembly; a storage unit to store images from detected scattered photons on the detector assembly; and a processing unit to detect, identify and classify concealed objects on the test subject.

Abstract: A medical image display system according to an embodiment including a server that provides medical image display data and display/clinical applications and a terminal device that can access the server by way of a network, the system, configuring the medical image display data so that pieces of image display information of a plurality of types including medical image information and interface information for user operation are arranged in a multilayered manner; transmitting the pieces of image display information of a plurality of types to the terminal device from the server, assigning them to communication protocols of different types; synthetically combining and displaying the pieces of image display information of a plurality of types transmitted from the server with use of the terminal device; and generating operator information by utilizing the interface information for user operation displayed on the terminal device, and transmitting the operator information to the server by way of the network.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an X-ray imaging apparatus and a control method thereof in which a clear 3D volume of an object may be acquired when the 3D volume of the object is reconstructed from X-ray images acquired by radiating X-rays to the object. The X-ray imaging apparatus includes an image processing unit configured to acquire a plurality of X-ray images of an object from converted electrical signals, group the plurality of X-ray images into groups of X-ray images acquired from the same cardiac phase, and perform image reconstruction of each of the groups acquired as a result of the grouping.

Abstract: A method for rib suppression in a chest x-ray image detects and labels one or more ribs in a region of interest and detects rib edges of the one or more detected ribs. Cross rib profiles are generated along the detected ribs. The original x-ray image is conditioned according to at least one of the detected rib edge and cross rib profiles. The conditioned x-ray image can be stored, displayed, or transmitted.

Abstract: A tool for assisting in the planning or performing of electrical neuromodulation of a patient's spinal cord. The tool may have various functions and capabilities, including calculating a volume of activation, registering an electrode(s) shown in a radiologic image, constructing functional images of the patient's spinal anatomy, targeting of neuromodulation, finding a functional midline between multiple electrodes, determining the three-dimensional position of multiple electrodes, and/or accommodating for electrode migration. In certain embodiments, the tool can be embodied as computer software or a computer system.

Abstract: An accurate analysis of the spatial distribution and intravascular pattern of blood flow in any organ must be based on detailed morphometry (diameters, lengths, vessel numbers, branching pattern, branching angles, etc.) of the organ vasculature. Despite the significance of detailed morphometric data, there is relative scarcity of database on vascular anatomy, mainly because the process is extremely labor intensive. Novel methods in the form of a segmentation algorithm for semi-automation of morphometric data extraction are provided. The extraction algorithm is based on a topological analysis of a vector field generated by the normal vectors of the extracted vessel wall. With this approach, special focus is made on achieving the highest accuracy of the measured values, with excellent results when compared to manual measurements of the main trunk of the coronary arteries with microscopy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and devices for evaluating bone conditions based on images. In particular, devices, methods and algorithms are provided that allow for the accurate and reliable evaluation of bone structure from x-ray images.

Abstract: A first frequency analysis unit performs frequency analysis on a reference radiographic image of plural radiographic images obtained by tomosynthesis imaging using a grid, and obtains a frequency characteristic of a periodic pattern caused by the grid and a frequency analysis result. A second frequency analysis unit performs, based on the frequency analysis result, limited frequency analysis on a radiographic image or images other than the reference radiographic image, and obtains a frequency characteristic of the periodic pattern about the radiographic image or images. A suppression unit performs, based on the frequency characteristic, processing for suppressing the periodic pattern in all of the radiographic images.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus of the present invention performs reconstruction processing on a projected image of an object obtained by using a radiation source and a detector in order to obtain a tomographic image in which noise has been reduced regardless of the type of reconstruction filter that is used. The image processing apparatus includes a selection unit that selects a reconstruction filter in accordance with an imaging technique; a setting unit that sets an image processing parameter for noise reduction according to the type of the selected reconstruction filter; an image processing unit that performs image processing on the projected image using the image processing parameter; and a reconstruction unit that uses the selected reconstruction filter to perform reconstruction processing on the projected image resulting from the image processing and obtain a tomographic image of the object.

Abstract: There is provided a method and corresponding device for noise generated by absorption of x-ray photons in an image sensor having a number of pixels. The method is based on identifying (S1) so-called hot pixels affected by absorption of x-rays, and calculating (S2), for each hot pixel, directional gradients in a number of different directions in a pixel neighborhood of the hot pixel. The method further involves selecting (S3), for each hot pixel, at least one direction among those directions having lowest gradient, and determining (S4), for each hot pixel, a replacement value based on neighborhood pixel values in the selected direction(s). For each hot pixel, the value of the hot pixel is then replaced (S5) with the determined replacement value. In this way, noise generated by the absorption of x-ray photons in the image sensor may be reduced, while substantially maintaining the resolution (sharpness) in the image.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for automatically recognizing a QR code without a need to control the distance for recognition in relation to one QR code or two or more QR codes. The apparatus includes a photographing unit obtaining a surrounding image the QR code including recognition points and surroundings, a QR code recognition unit converting the surrounding image into a grayscale image of a pixel unit, converting the grayscale image into a histogram indicative of a distribution map according to the luminosity of each pixel, extracting only pixels having a luminosity value concentration level corresponding to a threshold or higher based on the histogram, setting the extracted pixels as a candidate pixel group, searching the set candidate pixel group for recognition points through a recognition marker, when the recognition points are conceived, recognizing a region in which the conceived recognition points are placed as a QR code.

Abstract: A system for detecting post-operative retained foreign bodies has a data storage unit adapted to receive and store a reference image of a surgical object, and a data processor in communication with the data storage unit. The data processor is configured to receive an image of an internal region of a patient and to receive the reference image from the data storage unit, and the data processor is configured to perform operations based on an algorithm to compare the reference image to at least a portion of the image of the internal region of the patient and determine whether a retained foreign body is present in the patient.

Abstract: A method of providing a stereoscopic X-ray image is provided. The method includes acquiring X-ray images captured at respective rotation angles with respect to a part of a patient to be examined while rotating around the part to be examined, and in response to information regarding a viewpoint with respect to the part to be examined being input, using X-ray images at respective rotation angles corresponding to the viewpoint from among the acquired X-ray images to generate a three-dimensional (3D) X-ray image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an imaging system for imaging a region of interest, wherein the imaging system comprises a projection data generation unit including a radiation source (2) and a detection unit (6) for acquiring projection data in different angular directions. The projection generation unit is adapted for acquiring projection data in an acquisition region on the detection unit. The imaging system further comprises a reconstruction unit (12) for reconstructing a first image of the region of interest from the acquired projection data and a forward projection unit (13) for forward projecting through the first image of the region of interest for calculating projection data corresponding to regions on the detection unit outside of the acquisition region. The reconstruction unit (12) is adapted for reconstructing a second image of the region of interest from the acquired projection data and from the calculated projection data.

Abstract: A radiographic imaging control method includes combining a plurality of images by applying a first weight to the plurality of images, displaying a composite image, acquired by combining the plurality of images, newly receiving a second weight with respect to the composite image, recombining the plurality of images based on the received second weight, and displaying a recombined image, acquired by recombining the plurality of images.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an image diagnosis apparatus includes a line shape information generating unit and a comparing unit. The line shape information generating unit is configured to generate first line shape information corresponding to a first medical image and second line shape information corresponding to a second medical image, respectively. The comparing unit is configured to compare the generated first line shape information with the second line shape information.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (100) for extracting an object (Ob) from a source image, said object being delineated by a contour (C), the system (100) comprising a gradient unit (110) for computing the source image gradient field, based on the source image, a smoothing unit (120) for smoothing the source image gradient field, and an integration unit (130) for calculating an object image by integrating the smoothed source image gradient field, thereby extracting the object (Ob) from the source image. At each point of the source image, the smoothing is defined by a 2-dimensional convolution kernel which is a product of a first 1-dimensional convolution kernel in the first direction substantially parallel to the contour (C), and a second 1-dimensional convolution kernel in the second direction substantially normal to the contour (C).

Abstract: A flow diverter is automatically detected from medical imaging data. The appearance of the flow diverter as represented in the data as well as the geometry or shape of the flow diverter is used in the detection. Using scoring for appearance relative to the centerline and cross-section of the centerline, the flow diverter is detected for increasing visualization.

Abstract: A 2D mammogram image is synthesized from at least one of tomosynthesis projection images and/or the tomosynthesis reconstructed image data. In a simplest form, the mammogram may be synthesized by selecting one of the tomosynthesis projection images for display as a synthesized mammogram. Other methods of synthesizing a mammogram include re-projecting and filtering projection data and/or reconstructed data. The synthesized mammogram is advantageously displayed together with at least a portion of the reconstructed data to aid in review of the reconstructed data. The present invention thus provides a familiar image which may be used to facilitate review of a tomosynthesis data set.

Abstract: In a method and an evaluation device for determining the position of a structure located in an object to be investigated by means of X-ray computer tomography, a cutting data record, which images the object in a cutting plane, is determined from a volume data record of the object. The cutting data record is binarized to form a binary data record, in which the structure voxels imaging the structure and the surface voxels imaging an object surface are determined. To determine the position, a distance data record is produced in such a way that a distance value, which characterizes the smallest distance of the respective distance voxel from the surface voxels, is assigned to each distance voxel of the distance data record. The distance voxels corresponding to the structure voxels are then determined and the associated distance values evaluated.

Abstract: A method for analysis of 2-D gel images obtained using electrophoresis. More particularly, a molecular block-matching method for establishing the correspondence between protein spots in a diagnostic-test image and protein spots in a reference image. Individual protein spot matching is performed, thereby removing the need for alignment of the entire reference and test images and permitting automatic labeling of individual protein spots. The method for analysis of 2-D gel images is fully automated, thus making it ideally suited for protein information retrieval systems.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that includes a processor and memory storing executable instructions that in response to execution by the processor cause the apparatus to at least perform a number of operations. The apparatus is caused to receive a digital image including pixels each of which has a pixel value that has been calibrated according to a first calibration function for calibrating an image for display by a first monitor. The apparatus is caused to transform the pixel value of each of at least some of the pixels to a corresponding transformed pixel value calibrated according to a second calibration function for calibrating an image for display by a second monitor. The apparatus is also caused to cause output of the digital image including the plurality of pixels each of at least some of which has a transformed pixel value, the respective digital image being displayable by the second monitor.

Abstract: Embodiments of radiographic imaging systems and/or methods can operate a digital radiography detector in a multiple modes, where characteristics such as an exposure integration time and dark images (e.g., number timing integration time, etc.) for first and second modes are different. The digital radiography detector can be coupled to a memory that can store a first set of one or more calibration maps for the first mode and a second set of one or more calibration maps for the second mode and a processor. In one embodiment, the processor can form a first calibration-corrected exposure image by modifying a first exposure image from the first mode using the first set of calibration maps and a second calibration-corrected exposure image by modifying a second exposure image from the second mode using the second set of calibration maps in combination with calibration maps for the first mode.

Abstract: An image processing device and method are disclosed for determining a proportion of necrotic tissue in a defined tissue area of an object under examination based on a high-energy image dataset and a low-energy image dataset, each recorded by way of x-ray measurements with different x-ray energies after a contrast medium has been applied to the object under examination. In at least one embodiment of the method, a virtual contrast medium image is determined from the high-energy image dataset and the low-energy image dataset and a segmentation image dataset is created, by the area of tissue being segmented. The segmentation result is transferred into the virtual contrast medium image for segmenting the tissue area in the virtual contrast medium image. Finally an analysis of values of the pixels lying in the segmented area is undertaken for identifying pixels which are to be assigned to necrotic tissue.

Abstract: A method for producing a customized surgical instrument or prosthesis for a specific patient is described. At least one x-ray image of a body part of the patient is captured. A statistical model having a dense set of anatomical correspondence points across the model is instantiated using image data derived from the at least one x-ray image to generate a patient specific model of the body part having a high accuracy surface. Patient specific data from the patient specific model is used to generate a design of the customized surgical instrument or prosthesis for use in a surgical procedure to be carried out on the body part. The surgical instrument or prosthesis is then manufactured using the design. A computer implemented method for generating the patient specific model of the body part is also described.

Abstract: A method consisting of formulating a one-to-one correspondence between locations on a three-dimensional surface of a body cavity and coordinates in a two-dimensional coordinate frame representative of the locations. The method also includes recording respective time-varying electrical potentials at the locations. The method further includes displaying a map of the two-dimensional coordinate frame, and presenting respective graphic representations of the time-varying electrical potentials at positions in the map corresponding to the coordinates of the locations.

Abstract: Effective atomic numbers associated with pixels in a region are received. An effective atomic number is associated with each pixel in the region. X-ray data for the region is received, and an item within the region is identified from the x-ray data. Some of the pixels in the region are correlated with the item such that the item is associated with an effective atomic number. An image of the region is rendered. The pixels of the item have a display style based on the effective atomic number of the item.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a medical image diagnosis apparatus includes a volume rendering image generation part, mask image-storage, real time fluoroscopic image generation part, subtraction image generation part, coil image generation part, and image composition part. The volume rendering image generation part generates, from volume data, a volume rendering image representing blood vessel information. The mask image-storage stores fluoroscopic mask images. The real time fluoroscopic image generation part acquires real time fluoroscopic images for each chronological sequence accompanying device insertion. The subtraction image generation part generates a subtraction image by subtraction processing on the fluoroscopic mask image stored in the mask image storage and the real time fluoroscopic image acquired for each chronological sequence. The coil image generation part generates a coil image from the fluoroscopic mask image.

Abstract: When performing nuclear (e.g., SPECT or PET) and CT scans on a patient, an imaging system (10) includes three or more carbon nanotube x-ray sources (20) are circumferentially spaced along an arc of a rotatable gantry (16) that spans a distance larger than a maximum cross-sectional dimension of a section of a patient (14) to be imaged. The x-ray sources are sequentially pulsed to emit x-rays for scanning a section of a patient (14) including a volume of interest (VOI) (13). Only one source (20) is in an ON state at a time to create a duty cycle, which reduces cooling time for the respective sources as well as radiation dose to the subject. X-rays traversing the patient (14) are received at a flat panel x-ray detector (22) that has a width smaller than the maximum cross-sectional dimension, which further reduces the weight and size of the system (10).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for fully automated segmentation of human vertebral body images in a CT (computerized tomography) study with no user interaction and no phantoms, which has resiliency to anatomical abnormalities, and protocol and scanner variations. The method was developed to enable automated detection of osteoporosis in CT studies performed for other clinical reasons. Testing with 1,044 abdominal CTs from multiple sites, resulted in detection of 96.3% of the vertebral bodies and 1% false positives. Of the detected vertebral bodies, 83.3% were segmented adequately for sagittal plane quantitative evaluation of vertebral fractures indicative of osteoporosis. Improved results were observed when selecting the best sagittal plane of 3 for each vertebra, yielding a segmentation success rate of 85.4%. The method is preferably implemented in software as a building block in a system for automated osteoporosis detection.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining an extended low contrast detectability performance function for an operating range for a core operating mode of a radiographic imaging system using actual reconstructed images characterize the contrast performance of a radiographic imaging system over its operating range and for any patient size based on the off-line calibration, uses ordered pairs of flux index and contrast index for each scanned object to provide a contrast index for each protocol for each contrast set, and uses the ordered pairs of flux index and contrast index to determine an extended low contrast detectability performance function for the operating range of a radiographic imaging system. Extended low contrast detectability performance data compilation and methods of clinical use, and low contrast phantom configurations and methods of calibration are also disclosed.

Abstract: A panoramic imaging apparatus functionally includes an image processing apparatus. In this apparatus, two planar images are produced, which are subjected to registration. A registration process is applied to overall areas of two planar images based on curves decided from positions designated on the two planar images respectively. The positions on each of the planar images are aligned along a straight line, both straight lines corresponding to each other in a horizontal direction, and a scale factor for the registration is changed position by position on the straight lines. One of the two planar images is searched for a match of each local region of the other planar image, to any of regions of the one planar image, and images of the matched regions are re-produced to produce a planar image. The difference information is calculated between the planar images.

Abstract: A home healthcare management system wherein a patient conducts self diagnoses and self testing, and manages their own medical records at home. A digital microscope is utilized as part of the system that is smaller, of lower cost, faster, of a higher dynamic range, and has a higher resolution than conventional microscopes. The microscope consists of an illumination source, a spatial sub-sampling device and a detector device. The digital microscope provides a vectored method of collecting images from a digital microscope that is independent of the optical resolution, and a slide based coordinate system, and a method of displaying images and communicating such images over the Internet in a file format that does not require a header or prior knowledge of magnification, coordinate system, or tiling structure. The system further includes an interface for physiological monitoring devices and a connection to the Internet for more comprehensive services.

Abstract: A 2D or 3D velocity field is reconstructed from cross-correlation analysis of image pairs of a sample, without first reconstructing images of the sample spatial structure. The method can be implemented via computer tomographic X-ray particle image velocimetry, using multiple projection angles, with phase contrast images forming dynamic speckle patterns. Estimated cross-correlations may be generated via convolution of a measured autocorrelation function with a velocity probability density function, and the velocity coefficients iteratively optimised to minimise the error between the estimated cross-correlations and the measured cross-correlations. The method may be applied to measure blood flow, and the motion of tissue and organs such as heart and lungs.