Abstract: Provided are an artificial intelligence (AI) system that simulates functions of a human brain such as recognition and judgment by utilizing a machine learning algorithm such as deep learning, etc., and an application of the AI system. Provided are an AI system and a method of recognizing an object according to the application of the AI system, the method including: obtaining a plurality of pieces of sensor data about the object from a plurality of different types of sensors; converting at least some of the plurality of pieces of sensor data into two-dimensional (2D) sensor data; and recognizing the object by using a previously generated learning network model based on 2D image data obtained from an image sensor, which is one of the plurality of sensors, and the 2D sensor data.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure disclose a control method and a control circuit for a display device. The control method for a display device includes reading basic configuration parameters from a memory in a first time period by a register control module; receiving display data from a system-level chip by a data receiving module; performing an image basic processing on the received display data by a basic processing module; sending the data subjected to image basic processing to a drive circuit of the display device by a data sending module; reading image optimization configuration parameters from the memory in a second time period by the register control module; performing an image optimization processing on received display data of a subsequent boot animation by an optimization processing module; and sending the data subjected to image optimization processing to the drive circuit of the display device by the data sending module.

Abstract: Systems, methods, software for halftoning. In one embodiment, a halftone system receives a raster image comprising an array of pixels, and performs a multi-level halftoning process on one or more blocks of the pixels. The system identifies thresholds that distinguish different intensity levels. For each block, the system identifies a set of pixel values for the pixels in the block, performs a vectorized comparison of the set of pixel values to each of the thresholds to generate sets of comparison bits, and performs ternary logic operations with three of the sets of comparison bits as input to define a set of low-order bits and a set of higher-order bits for the pixels in the block.

Abstract: Certain examples described herein relate to the processing of object data corresponding to a three-dimensional object. First data corresponding to a first portion of the three-dimensional object and second data corresponding to a second portion of the three-dimensional object, separate from the first portion, are determined. The first data is halftoned using a first halftoning technique to generate control instructions for an apparatus to produce the first portion of the three-dimensional object. The second data is halftoned using a second halftoning technique to generate control instructions for the apparatus to produce the second portion of the three-dimensional object.

Abstract: In an error diffusion process, a control device determines a dot value of a target pixel by using a gradation value of the target pixel, and an error value. The control device determines distribution error value by comparing a gradation dependent value with a first evaluated density value indicating a density of a first dot. The control device determines the distribution error value by using the first evaluated density value when the dot value of the target pixel indicates formation of the first dot and when the gradation dependent value is smaller than or equal to the first evaluated density value. The control device determines the distribution error value by using a modified evaluated density value greater than the first evaluated density value when the dot value indicates formation of the first dot and when the gradation dependent value is greater than the first evaluated density value.

Abstract: A joining state determination method includes: acquiring member front end imaging data of a band-shaped member; acquiring member joint imaging data of the band-shaped member; calculating a matching rate indicating a degree of coincidence of the acquired member joint imaging data with member front end registration data registered based on the acquired member front end imaging data; and determining that the longitudinal ends of the band-shaped member are properly joined, in the case where the calculated matching rate is either not greater than a predetermined threshold or less than the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An image processing method, implemented in a calculator, includes applying a process by group of pixels to an original image. For each group of pixels, calculating a cumulative sum of value or position differences of the pixels of the group of pixels, and for each group of pixels, allocating in a final image signal a pixel position of the group of pixels to each pixel value of the group of pixels so as to minimize the cumulative sum of differences calculated for the group of pixels according to the differences calculated. For each group of pixels, determining a filtering intensity according to the cumulative sum of differences calculated for the group of pixels, and applying to the group of pixels a filtering having the filtering intensity.

Abstract: A method of color image processing for quantizing output includes obtaining an input for an object pixel which is represented by a vector in a first color space. A modified input equal to the input plus a sum of errors from other pixels in a neighborhood of the object pixel is generated. For each color component in the first color space, where corresponding color components of the modified input are located with respect to a preset range is determined. If the modified input's color component is greater than the preset range, then that color component for an output is determined to be on; if less than the preset range, then that color component for the output is determine to be off; and, if within the preset range, then that color component for the output is determined to be unknown. A transformed modified input is mapped to a perceptual color space when any color component of the output is unknown.

Abstract: Techniques for selecting a coding mode for an image coding process are described. Coding modes can be selected through a coding mode transition state machine, a re-quantization process, selection of an optimal transform size, by skipping some quantization parameters, or by performing motion search.

Abstract: A system for controlling a patterning device in a lithographic apparatus using a patterning device having individually controllable elements that may only be set to two states. The method includes converting a representation of a pattern to be formed on the substrate into a plurality of area intensity signals, each corresponding to a radiation intensity level required to be set in a respective area of the patterning device in order to provide the desired pattern on the substrate and a separate step of converting each of the area intensity signals into control signals for a plurality of individually controllable elements that each correspond to the area of the patterning device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method includes applying a human visual system (HVS) model to a Continuous Tone Image (CTI) and a initial Half Tone Image (HTI) to generate a perceived CTI and a perceived HTI and computing a change in pixel error for a first pixel by toggling the first pixel with all the possible output states and swapping the first pixel with all neighbor pixels.

Abstract: A disturbance correction device comprises a disturbance detector configured to detect and output a high frequency component of a measurement signal from an inertial sensor and a level converter coupled to the output of the disturbance detector. The level converter is configured to convert the high frequency component to a direct current (DC) signal. The disturbance correction device also comprises a compensator coupled to an output of the level converter and configured to compare the DC signal with a plurality of thresholds. When the DC signal passes one of the plurality of thresholds, the compensator is further configured to output a respective process noise increment to a Kalman filter. The respective process noise increment corresponds to the passed threshold.

Abstract: An active imaging system, which includes a light source and light sensor, generates structured illumination. The light sensor captures transient light response data regarding reflections of light emitted by the light source. The transient light response data is wavelength-resolved. One or more processors process the transient light response data and data regarding the structured illumination to calculate a reflectance spectra map of an occluded surface. The processors also compute a 3D geometry of the occluded surface.

Abstract: Certain aspects of a method and system for adaptive temporal interpolation filtering for motion compensation may include computing a plurality of weights for adaptively adjusting one or more parameters of a plurality of linear filters utilized for motion compensation. One or more motion compensated output pictures may be generated based on vector median filtering a plurality of linear filtered output pictures generated by the plurality of linear filters. In instances where two frames are utilized for motion estimation of a video sequence, a motion compensated picture of a previous frame and a motion compensated picture of a current frame may be combined to adaptively compute the subsequent weights. In instances where three or more frames are utilized for motion estimation of a video sequence, the generated one or more motion compensated output pictures may be combined with an extracted desired picture from the video sequence to adaptively compute the subsequent weights.

Abstract: The printing apparatus includes a comparator, a threshold setting section, and an error diffusion section. The comparator compares a first threshold which is aligned with a dither mask and the image data. The threshold setting section sets a second threshold which is used in the error diffusion method to one of a low threshold and a high threshold according to results of the comparing, and sets the low threshold to a value which is smaller than a gradation range of the image data in at least a low gradation area when it is determined that the image data exceeds the first threshold. The error diffusion section generates the dot data and to calculate distribution to pixels in the vicinity of gradation errors by comparing correction data where error distribution in the image data is complete using the error diffusion method and the low threshold or the high threshold.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a sensor array of sensor elements and plural accumulator sets of accumulators. Switches alternatively route detections from a respective sensor element to different accumulators of the respective accumulator set. Offset devices offset an amount read out from a first accumulator of a set by an amount read out from a second accumulator of that set.

Abstract: An apparatus and method generate a three-dimensional image by determining, using a light-field camera, a depth map corresponding to an environment. The depth map represents how light falls in the environment. The method also includes determining a parallax occlusion map of the environment and creating, using the depth map and the parallax occlusion map, a three-dimensional image representing the environment. In some embodiments, the method includes taking a first picture of the environment with a first flash intensity and a second picture of the environment with a greater second flash, determining differences between the first picture of the environment and the second picture of the environment, determining one or more properties of the environment based at least in part on the determined differences and dynamically re-lighting the three-dimensional image using the depth map, the parallax occlusion map, and one or more of the determined properties of the environment.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: a predictive pixel generation step of generating a predictive value from at least one surrounding pixel located near a compression target pixel; a code conversion step of code-converting the pixel data to generate a Gray code; and quantizing bit change information (exclusive OR) between the generated Gray code and a Gray code of the predictive value to a quantization value, to compress the pixel data. This prevents significant image quality degradation, so that high image quality can be achieved.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for error diffusion, e.g., for use in a halftone process. The described techniques are faster than known techniques in that they utilize fewer computations on average. Consequently, the described techniques can be more readily implemented in software, for example, though the described techniques are not limited to software.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image display device, including: a display block displaying thereon an image by using pixels disposed in a two dimensional matrix; and a gradation converting block executing gradation converting processing by using an error diffusion method, wherein the gradation converting block partitions an area in which the pixels are disposed into virtual partitions, and carries out the error diffusion when the gradation converting processing is executed with respect to the pixels within the virtual partition exclusively within the virtual partition, thereby carrying out gradation conversion for the image which is displayed on the display block.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for error diffusion, e.g., for use in a halftone process. The described techniques are faster than known techniques in that they utilize fewer computations on average. Consequently, the described techniques can be more readily implemented in software, for example, though the described techniques are not limited to software.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for error diffusion, e.g., for use in a halftone process. The described techniques are faster than known techniques in that they utilize fewer computations on average. Consequently, the described techniques can be more readily implemented in software, for example, though the described techniques are not limited to software.

Abstract: A method, non-transitory computer readable medium, and apparatus for performing error diffusion are disclosed. For example, the method quantizes an error for a first pixel of a plurality of pixels in a first row, diffuses the error to an adjacent pixel of the plurality of pixels in the first row, performs the quantizing and the diffusing for each remaining pixel of the plurality of pixels in the first row and applies the error that is quantized for each one of the plurality of pixels the first row in a desired number of different directions in a plurality of parallel operations that is equal to the desired number of different directions.

Abstract: An error diffusion method includes: simultaneously receiving first to nth (n is a positive integer of 2 or larger) pixel data at every clock; adding a quantization error stored in a memory to each of the first to (n?1)th pixel data and quantizing them into data having a smaller number of bits than the number of input bits; adding the quantization error stored in the memory to the nth pixel data and quantizing it into data having a smaller number of bits than the number of input bits; diffusing the quantization errors of the first to (n?1)th pixel data to nearby pixels excluding the first to nth pixels by using a first error diffusion mask, and storing the diffusion results of the quantization errors of the first to (n?1)th pixel data in the memory; and diffusing the quantization error of the nth pixel data to pixels around the nth pixel by using a second error diffusion mask, and storing the diffusion results of the quantization error of the nth pixel data in the memory.

Abstract: A red, green, and blue (RGB) primary generation system and method for a wide color gamut, and a color encoding system using the RGB primaries. The RGB primary generation system may achieve a wide color gamut by generating a color gamut having a gamut coverage which meets a gamut coverage threshold, meeting a unique hue, having a maximum gamut efficiency, and a minimum quantization error.

Abstract: An adaptive loop filter classifies a decoded image from a deblocking filter into a smooth region class and an edge/texture region class, in accordance with results of edge detection from an edge detecting unit. The adaptive loop filter performs filter coefficient calculation for each of classified classes such that the residual difference between an original image from a screen rearranging buffer and an image from the deblocking filter is smallest. The adaptive loop filter performs filter processing using filter coefficients calculated for each classified class, and outputs an image after filter processing to frame memory. The filter may be applied to an image encoding device for performing encoding with the H.264/AVC format as a basis, for example.

Abstract: An image processor includes generates a content adaptive kernel from an image block with noise of a luminance component signal with a low resolution. The content adaptive kernel is convolved with the luminance component signal. A noise signal and an extracted texture which excludes noise are generated. The luminance component signal is filtered as function of the noise signal to generate an enhanced luminance component signal. Horizontal and vertical scaling is performed on the enhanced luminance component signal, the extracted texture, and the luminance component signal, with the luminance component signal adaptively scaled as a function of the extracted texture. The horizontally and vertically scaled enhanced luminance component signal, extracted texture and luminance component signal are then combined to generate an output luminance component signal with a high resolution.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a probability conversion unit, a processor, and a threshold conversion unit. The probability conversion unit receives an initial pattern and converts it into a probability distribution space. The processor performs weighting on a density distribution space indicating a density of pixels determined to be dotted using the probability distribution space, determines pixels to be dotted and an order of the dotting in the weighted density distribution space, updates the probability distribution space until the order for all pixels in the initial pattern is determined, and repeats the determination using the updated probability distribution space. The threshold conversion unit converts the order of dotting into thresholds to obtain a threshold matrix. The probability conversion unit uses a threshold matrix preliminarily created to form a halftone dot as the initial pattern.

Abstract: At a social network server, a request is obtained from a first user to upload a digital visual medium (digital photograph or digital video). The digital visual medium is marked for identification thereof. At the social network server, a request is obtained from a second user to upload the digital visual medium. Based on the marking, it is determined whether the request from the second user to upload the digital visual medium is inappropriate.

Abstract: Methods for reducing dimensionality of hyperspectral image data having a number of spatial pixels, each associated with a number of spectral dimensions, include receiving sets of coefficients associated with each pixel of the hyperspectral image data, a set of basis vectors utilized to generate the sets of coefficients, and either a maximum error value or a maximum data size. The methods also include calculating, using a processor, a first set of errors for each pixel associated with the set of basis vectors, and one or more additional sets of errors for each pixel associated with one or more subsets of the set of basis vectors. Utilizing such errors calculations, an optimum size of the set of basis vectors may be ascertained, allowing for either a minimum amount of error within the maximum data size, or a minimum data size within the maximum error value.

Abstract: An image processing method suitable for a printer unit, includes an error diffusion halftoning process arranged for quantizing and diffusing each pixel of an image including a set of subtractive primary colors (C?, M?, Y?), in an image including a quantized printer image including a set of ink drops (DC, DM, DY, Dc, Dm) of respective ink channels to be printed. The method comprises the step of determining, for each pixel, an input variable value (S) representing a measure of solvent quantity that should be ejected by the printer unit for each pixel, the input variable value being computed on the basis of the value of a corresponding pixel of the image including the set of subtractive primary colors (C?, M?, Y?), and of inputting the determined input variable value (S) in the error diffusion halftoning process together with the values of the corresponding pixel. The invention further relates to the apparatus embodying the method.

Abstract: The reception method is implemented in a receiver apparatus receiving images of a video sequence having undergone losses during an exchange of data with a sender apparatus connected to said receiver apparatus via a communication network. The receiver apparatus comprises at least a first module implementing a transport layer and a second module implementing an application layer, the application layer being subdivided into a first sub-module implementing the decoding of the video and a second sub-module implementing the display of said video. The method comprises the following steps: in the transport layer, transmitting a data loss detection signal intended for the application layer, as soon as the transport layer detects a loss of data; and in the application layer, implementing a loss concealment mechanism, on reception of said loss detection signal and without waiting for said application layer itself to detect said data loss so detected.

Abstract: A computerized method for independent disjoint block-level recompression of a first image generated by independent coding of disjoint blocks in a precursor image, the first image having at least one first quantization matrix associated therewith, the method comprising performing at least one independent disjoint block-level compression operation, using a processor on the first image, thereby to generate a re-compressed second image including generating a new quantization matrix and using the new quantization matrix for the independent disjoint block-level compression, including computing a rounding error created by the quantization process utilizing the new quantization matrix and, if needed, adjusting at least one value of the new quantization matrix to reduce a rounding error created by the quantization process utilizing the new quantization matrix.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method comprising processing a first pixel of a continuous tone image to generate a first error, the first error representative of a difference between an input level and an output level associated with the first pixel; and in response to processing the first pixel, assigning a random error to a second pixel that is neighboring the first pixel, wherein the assigned random error is independent of the first error. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide techniques and configurations for error diffusion halftoning of an image including receiving a signal that indicates selection of a first implementation or a second implementation of determining a threshold perturbation value for error diffusion halftoning of an image, and determining the threshold perturbation value using a table of programmable values according to the selected one of the first implementation or the second implementation, wherein the second implementation provides fewer threshold perturbation values for a larger region of the image than the first implementation. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method includes generating a Continuous Tone Image (CTI) with all pixel values same as a first gray level, generating an initial Half Tone Image (HTI) with all pixel values equal to minimum absorptance level and computing a change in pixel error for a first pixel. The change in pixel error is computed by identifying a first pixel indicated in a valid pixel map, toggling the first pixel with all the possible output states and swapping the first pixel with all neighbor pixels only if the stacking constraint is satisfied, updating the HTI with the maximum error decrease operation and continue to next pixel location till the end criteria is met.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of concealing errors in at least one part of a current image (i) a sequence of images (4), characterized in that it comprises the following steps: comparing (S81) said at least one part of the current image (i) with at least one corresponding part of a previous image (i?1), and selecting (S83) a temporal error concealment method or a spatial error concealment method to be applied in said at least one part of the current image, according to the result of said comparison step and at least one item of information relating to the errors concealed in said at least one corresponding part of the previous image.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for tone conversion of a color image having s bit (s is an integer which is equal to or larger than 3) to a color image having d bit (d is an integer which is equal to or smaller than (s?2)) comprises: a conversion table generation unit configured to generate a conversion table, which varies in dependence on a tone value of the s bit, and has dispersion of which level varies in accordance with chroma and luminance of the color image; and a tone conversion unit configured to convert, before image compression or image file storage is performed and after color space conversion is performed, the color image having s bit to the color image having d bit using the conversion table.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprises a dither processing device that applies dither processing to input image data to express halftone using line screens by increasing an area rate of the input image data and a controller that decreases the number of line screens and maintains a prescribed dropout width between the neighboring line screens when the area rate of the input image data increases and the dropout width falls below a prescribed level.

Abstract: Quantization for oversampled signals with an error minimization searches based upon clusters of possible sampling vectors where the clusters have minimal correlation and thereby decrease reconstruction error as a function of oversampling (redundancy) ratio.

Abstract: A video processor is described, which is useful for implementing a quantization process, in compliance with the H.264 standard. The video processor includes an input, for receiving a block of image data. The image data is loaded into an internal register. In response to receiving a SIMD instruction, a quantizer, which incorporates the quantization lookup tables associated with the H.264 standard in its associated hardware, makes necessary high-level quantization decisions. In response to receiving another SIMD instruction, the quantizer uses those high-level quantization decisions to retrieve specific values from the quantization lookup tables.

Abstract: Methods for reducing dimensionality of hyperspectral image data having a number of spatial pixels, each associated with a number of spectral dimensions, include receiving sets of coefficients associated with each pixel of the hyperspectral image data, a set of basis vectors utilized to generate the sets of coefficients, and either a maximum error value or a maximum data size. The methods also include calculating, using a processor, a first set of errors for each pixel associated with the set of basis vectors, and one or more additional sets of errors for each pixel associated with one or more subsets of the set of basis vectors. Utilizing such errors calculations, an optimum size of the set of basis vectors may be ascertained, allowing for either a minimum amount of error within the maximum data size, or a minimum data size within the maximum error value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided. The image forming apparatus includes a communication interface unit which receives print data, a rendering unit which converts the received print data into a bitmap image by rendering, a binarization unit which generates binary data by carrying out halftoning with respect to the bitmap image, a data combining unit which generates multi-bit data by combining a plurality of successive binary data of the generated binary data, and a print engine which forms an image on a print paper using the generated multi-bit data.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a first output unit that performs predetermined image processing for image data, and outputs image data having m bits per pixel; a second output unit that performs pseudo gradation-increase processing by a dither method or a multilevel error diffusion method for the output image data, and outputs image data having n bits per pixel, where n<m; and a compression unit that compresses the output image data. When a dither matrix for the dither method or a filter for the multilevel error diffusion method used by the second output unit for the pseudo gradation-increase processing is divided into plural pixel groups each including plural adjacent pixels and when each pixel group serves as a unit, processing parameters respectively set for pixels in the same pixel group are similar as compared with processing parameters respectively set for pixels in different pixel groups.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of dividing an m-value image into a plurality of divided images and performing quantization into an n-value image (2?n<m) for each divided image includes a first quantization unit for quantizing a first region in the divided image similarly to a region to be joined, and a second quantization unit for sequentially quantizing a second region in the divided image including the first region. If the second quantization unit quantizes the first region, parameters for the quantization processing is corrected using a quantization result in the first quantization unit such that the quantization result approaches the quantization result in the first quantization unit.

Abstract: An image reproduction apparatus decompresses and outputs compressed data, and includes: a reproduction unit which reads, per predetermined unit of processing, the compressed data as unit compressed data from a recording medium; a decompression unit which decompresses the unit compressed data, so as to generate unit decompressed data; a display processing unit which outputs decompressed data including the unit decompressed data; an error management unit which detects, per unit compressed data, an error caused in either the reproduction unit or the decompression unit; and a control unit which determines whether or not to output the decompressed data when the error is detected, and when it is determined to output the decompressed data, the control unit complements, with implement image data, unit decompressed data corresponding to the unit compressed data in which the error has been detected, and the display processing unit outputs decompressed data including the complement image data.

Abstract: Various systems, methods, and programs embodied in computer readable media are provided for calibration of at least one half-tone density in a printer. In one approach, a method is provided comprising the steps of acquiring a plurality of half-tone density values from a respective plurality of test patches generated on a belt in the printer over a period of time, each of the test patches embodying an intended half-tone density, generating a mathematically smoothed half-tone density value from the half-tone density values, and calibrating a half-tone density in the printer based upon the mathematically smoothed half-tone density value.

Abstract: An image processing device comprises a halftoning module, a detecting module, an adding module and a generating module. The halftoning module generates an error diffusion value. The detecting module detects an edge at a current pixel of an image. The adding module adds the pixel value of the current pixel with one of the error diffusion value and an error diffusion seed according to the detecting result. The generating module generates the error diffusion seed. The error diffusion seed is generated by a formula based on the pixel value and location of the current pixel and a random number, or the error diffusion seed is generated by a formula based on the pixel value of the current pixel and a looked-up value, and the looked-up value is retrieved from a look-up table according to the location of the current pixel.

Abstract: A dither matrix selecting device includes a storage unit, a determining unit, and a selecting unit. The storage unit is configured to store a first dither matrix and a second dither matrix different from the first dither matrix. The first dither matrix includes a plurality of sub-matrices. Each sub-matrix of the first dither matrix has a plurality of threshold values such that a single dot grows from a starting pixel as an input value increases. Each sub-matrix has a first region and a second region different from the first region. Each threshold value allocated in the first region is smaller than a prescribed value. An arrangement of each threshold value in the first region is identical for all of the plurality of sub-matrices. The determining unit is configured to determine whether or not toner accommodated in a printing device is a specified toner. The selecting unit is configured to select the first dither matrix when the determining unit determines that the toner is not the specified toner.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a first error diffusion unit, a second error diffusion unit, and a first determining unit, wherein the second error diffusion unit performs error diffusion processing in parallel with the first error diffusion unit and has an operating unit and a calculation unit, and the first determining unit determines whether quantized data for the second pixel of interest is fixed by the second error diffusion unit on the basis of whether the total of value is equal to or lower than a first reference value and whether the total of value is equal to or higher than a second reference value that is higher than the first reference value.