Abstract: There is disclosed herein a waveguide comprising an optical slab and an optical wedge. The optical slab has a first refractive index, n1>1. The optical slab comprises: a pair of opposing surfaces and an input port. The pair of opposing surfaces are arranged in a parallel configuration. The input port is arranged to receive light into the optical slab at an angle such that the light is guided between the first and second opposing surfaces by a series of internal reflections. The optical wedge has a second refractive index, n2, wherein 1<n2<n1. The optical wedge comprises a pair of opposing surfaces arranged in a wedge configuration. A first surface of the optical wedge abuts the second surface of the optical slab to form an interface that allows partial transmission of light guided by the optical slab into the optical wedge at a plurality of points along the interface such that the light is divided a plurality of times.

Abstract: A smaller and lighter diffraction light guide plate, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Provided are a light guide plate assembly, a backlight module, and a display device, which relate to the field of display technologies, and improve uniformity of the light intensity of light emitted from different areas in the light guide plate assembly. The light guide plate assembly includes a reflection portion having an aperture; and a transmission portion. At least part of the transmission portion is located in the aperture. The transmission portion includes a converging portion and a diverging portion. A curvature of a surface of the converging portion adjacent to a light-incoming side of the light guide plate assembly is greater than or equal to 0, and a curvature of a surface of the diverging portion adjacent to the light-incoming side of the light guide plate assembly is smaller than or equal to 0.

Abstract: An eyepiece for projecting an image includes a first planar waveguide positioned in a first lateral plane. The first planar waveguide comprises a first diffractive optical element (DOE) disposed at a first lateral position. The eyepiece also includes a second planar waveguide positioned in a second lateral plane adjacent to the first lateral plane. The second planar waveguide comprises a second DOE disposed at a second lateral position different from the first lateral position. The eyepiece further includes a third planar waveguide positioned in a third lateral plane adjacent to the second lateral plane. The third planar waveguide comprises a third DOE disposed at a third lateral position different from the first lateral position and the second lateral position. The eyepiece also includes an optical filter positioned between the second planar waveguide and the third planar waveguide. The optical filter is disposed at the third lateral position.

Abstract: The invention concerns a waveguide display and display element therefor, and a method of designing a waveguide element. The element comprises a waveguide and at least one grating arranged on or within the waveguide, the at least one grating being arranged to couple visible light into, within, and/or out of the waveguide. According to the invention, the period of the grating is in the range of 5 ?m or more. The invention increases freedoms of design of grating-based display elements and allows for better color and FOV control.

Abstract: Color-selective waveguides, methods for fabricating color-selective waveguides, and augmented reality (AR)/mixed reality (MR) applications including color-selective waveguides are described. The color-selective waveguides can advantageously reduce or block stray light entering a waveguide (e.g., red, green, or blue waveguide), thereby reducing or eliminating back-reflection or back-scattering into the eyepiece.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of enabling conditional access to resource. The condition is the performance of a task. The task can be performed by one party or entity on behalf of another party or entity. The person, device or system controlling access to the resource creates a task that includes the broadcast of a transaction on the blockchain. In particular the transaction (part of the task) has a plurality of outputs, including a locking-output. Additional transactions or mechanism are created that enable access to the resource only when the task has been completed. Access to the resource is achieved by (i) the initial broadcast of the resource that makes it conditionally available and (ii) the subsequent broadcast of the transaction, which fulfils or satisfies the condition that enables access to the resource. Multi-signatures and a refund mechanism are used by the parties to lock access to the resource. These multi-signatures are spread between the stages and transactions.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a method for manufacturing an optical module may include: applying a polyamic acid solution to an upper surface of a substrate structure to form an adhesive layer; forming an active functional group on an upper surface of the adhesive layer; applying a polyamic acid solution to a first surface of a prism to form a prism adhesive layer; forming a polyamic acid layer on at least one of a planarized upper surface of the adhesive layer and a lower surface of the prism adhesive layer; disposing the prism on the substrate structure such that the polyamic acid layer contacts the adhesive layer and the prism adhesive layer; and applying pressure to the prism and the substrate structure to bond the adhesive layer to the prism adhesive layer.

Abstract: An optical device and a wearable image display device are provided with a light guiding plate, a plurality of half mirrors, and an incident angle adjustment member. The optical member that causes the video light to be incident as a virtual image on a person's eye and be displayed as a display image, and has a reflection characteristic that a part of the video light is reflected on a back surface thereof. The incident angle adjustment member is an optical member configured to adjust the incident angle of the video light according to the reflection characteristic of the half mirror to form video light that does not satisfy a total reflection condition in another part of the video light, to balance the brightness of the display image.

Abstract: The optical receptacle, which is disposed between one or more vertical resonator surface emitting lasers arranged on a substrate and one or more optical transmission bodies to optically couple the vertical resonator surface emitting lasers and end surfaces of the optical transmission bodies, has: a first optical surface on which light emitted from the vertical resonator surface emitting lasers is incident; and a second optical surface for emitting light, which enters the first optical surface and passes through the inside thereof, toward the end surfaces of the optical transmission bodies. The first optical surface is disposed such that a central axis of the first optical surface is inclined with respect to an optical axis of the vertical resonator surface emitting laser or the central axis and the optical axis are parallel to and do not coincide with each other.

Abstract: An optical system has a hollow mechanical body having first and second ends. An optical assembly has a plurality of optical components arranged in a stack configuration. Each of the optical components has a set of engagement configurations. For each pair of adjacent optical components in the stack configuration, at least some of the engagement configurations of a first optical component in the pair engage with at least some of the engagement configurations of a second optical component in the pair. Some of the engagement configurations of the optical component at a first end of the stack configuration engage with corresponding engagement configurations of the hollow mechanical body at the first end of the hollow mechanical body to position the other optical components of the stack configuration within the hollow mechanical body. An emissive display device is deployed at the second end of the hollow mechanical body.

Abstract: Provided are a light guide plate assembly, a backlight module, and a display device, which relate to the field of display technologies, and improve uniformity of the light intensity of light emitted from different areas in the light guide plate assembly. The light guide plate assembly includes a reflection portion having an aperture; and a transmission portion. At least part of the transmission portion is located in the aperture. The transmission portion includes a converging portion and a diverging portion. The converging portion is configured to make light that enters the converging portion be converged towards a direction away from a center of the aperture. The diverging portion is configured to make light that enters the diverging portion be diverged towards a direction away from the center of the aperture. The converging portion is located at a side of the transmission portion away from the center of the aperture.

Abstract: A super-compact arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) wavelength division multiplexer based on a sub-wavelength grating is provided and includes an input waveguide, a first planar waveguide, an arrayed waveguide, a second planar waveguide, and the output waveguide that are sequentially connected. The input waveguide has 1 port, and the output waveguide has 8 ports. The arrayed waveguide includes 50 equivalent uniform strip waveguides with the same length difference, and each of the equivalent uniform strip waveguides is configured as a sub-wavelength grating structure, thereby forming the effect of increasing group refractive index or transmission delay based on a slow light effect. The 8 channels with a channel spacing of 200 GHz have the minimum adjacent channel crosstalk of less than ?27 dB, and the overall size is within 300×230 ?m2. In the multiplexer, the overall integration size of the device is reduced by an order of magnitude.

Abstract: A waveguide comprising a pair of parallel surfaces arranged to provide waveguiding therebetween. A first surface of the pair of parallel surfaces comprises a plurality of layers of a first dielectric and a plurality of layers of second dielectric arranged in an alternating configuration. Each layer of the first and second dielectric has a first end and a second end. A percentage change in the thickness of each layer from the first end to the second end of that layer has one of a plurality of discrete allowable values. The total number of layers of the first and second dielectric is greater than the total number of discrete allowable values. A difference in refractive index between the first dielectric and second dielectric is greater than 0.4.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a method for manufacturing an optical module may include: applying a polyamic acid solution to an upper surface of a substrate structure to form an adhesive layer; forming an active functional group on an upper surface of the adhesive layer; applying a polyamic acid solution to a first surface of a prism to form a prism adhesive layer; forming a polyamic acid layer on at least one of a planarized upper surface of the adhesive layer and a lower surface of the prism adhesive layer; disposing the prism on the substrate structure such that the polyamic acid layer contacts the adhesive layer and the prism adhesive layer; and applying pressure to the prism and the substrate structure to bond the adhesive layer to the prism adhesive layer.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit chip includes a substrate and a wafer on the substrate. The wafer itself includes a photonic grating coupler with a taper portion and grating features. The grating features extend from the taper portion toward the substrate.

Abstract: A display method and system includes a module that intercepts the lightfield from an ambient Real World Scene in an observer's direct line-of-sight, 102, and then routes it through a spatial light modulator where the Scene forms an image. During a first portion of the frame time, selective pixels corresponding to the real world scene image on the SLM are modulated for their transparency or opacity and routed to the observer's eye. In a second portion of the frame time, a Digital computer generated Virtual image is created by spatially multiplexing a second illuminant on the same SLM and then routing it to the observer's eye. The resultant time-averaged image, as perceived by the observer, has the Real World Scene modulated for both its Transparency/opacity and also blended with computer generated Digital Virtual image.

Abstract: An optical focus control and method use rotations of a set of shift-invariant optical elements (Risley elements) that are fairly tolerant to optical misalignments and wobble in control systems. The Risley elements can be Risley prisms, Risley gratings, or photonic crystals that impart a fixed angular offset. Aligning at least one pair of Risley elements that are individually rotated can achieve an angular correct to light received off-axis for better detection by an optical detector, improving focus control.

Abstract: A dual-comb measuring system is provided. The dual comb measuring system may include a bi-directional mode-locked femtosecond laser, a high-speed rotation stage, and a fiber coupler. The high-speed rotation stage may be coupled to a pump diode.

Abstract: A wafer includes a substrate layer, a first mirror layer having a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged first mirror portions, and a second mirror layer having a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged second mirror portions. A plurality of Fabry-Perot interference filter portions are formed in an effective area, in each of the plurality of Fabry-Perot interference filter portions a gap is formed between the first mirror portion and the second mirror portion. A plurality of dummy filter portions are formed in a dummy area disposed along an outer edge of the substrate layer and surrounding the effective area, in each of the plurality of dummy filter portions an intermediate layer is provided between the first mirror portion and the second mirror portion. At least the second mirror portion is surrounded by the first groove in each of the plurality of Fabry-Perot interference filter portions and the plurality of dummy filter portions.

Abstract: A wafer includes a substrate layer, a first mirror layer having a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged first mirror portions, and a second mirror layer having a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged second mirror portions. A plurality of Fabry-Perot interference filter portions are formed in an effective area, in each of the plurality of Fabry-Perot interference filter portions a gap is formed between the first mirror portion and the second mirror portion. A plurality of dummy filter portions are formed in a dummy area disposed along an outer edge of the substrate layer and surrounding the effective area, in each of the plurality of dummy filter portions an intermediate layer is provided between the first mirror portion and the second mirror portion. At least the second mirror portion is surrounded by the first groove in each of the plurality of Fabry-Perot interference filter portions and the plurality of dummy filter portions.

Abstract: An optical module package may include a package substrate, an interposer on the package substrate, and a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip on the interposer. The interposer may include a silicon substrate having a first surface, which is adjacent to the package substrate, and a second surface, which is opposite to the first surface and adjacent to the first and second semiconductor chips, a penetration electrode penetrating the silicon substrate, a lower interconnection layer disposed on the first surface of the silicon substrate, and an optical waveguide, a first optical module, and a second optical module disposed in a lower portion of the lower interconnection layer. The first optical module may include a light source providing light into the optical waveguide, and the second optical module may include a photodetector receiving the light.

Abstract: A waveguide illumination system employing an optically transmissive sheet, which is used to guide light using a total internal reflection, and a strip of heat-conducting printed circuit located near an edge of the sheet and having a major surface which portion is located in a space between two opposite edges of the sheet. The waveguide illumination system further includes a linear array of electrically interconnected side-emitting LED packages mounted to a major surface of the strip of heat-conducting printed circuit and optically coupled to the optically transmissive sheet within a light coupling area. A two-dimensional pattern of light extraction features is formed in at least one surface of the optically transmissive sheet such that a density of the light extraction features within the two-dimensional pattern increases with a distance from the light coupling area.

Abstract: An optical connector includes: a base substrate; an optical device on the base substrate; an optical fiber optically aligned with the optical device; and a reflective injection-molded part arranged on the base substrate to cover the optical device and providing a reflective surface in an optical path between the optical device and the optical fiber, wherein the reflective injection-molded part includes: a prism providing the reflective surface; an alignment leg supporting the prism in a state in which the prism is at a height from the base substrate; a main block on a side of the prism, the side of the prism being opposite the base substrate; and a plurality of support ribs branching off at intermittent positions along the main block and supporting the prism with respect to the main block.

Abstract: A light guide plate includes: first and second internal reflective surfaces that are approximately parallel and propagate incoming image light while totally reflecting the image light; a partially reflective surface array that has a plurality of partially reflective surfaces arranged in a direction of propagating image light, the partially reflective surfaces being inclined at a predetermined angle and partially reflecting the image light; and a uniforming element that uniforms intensity distribution of image light which is reflected by the partially reflective surface array to be projected from the light guide plate. As the uniforming element, the partially reflective surface array is divided into a plurality of segments along a direction of propagating image light, and the inter-surface spacing of the partially reflective surfaces or the reflectivity of the partially reflective surfaces is configured to vary from segment to segment.

Abstract: In the examples provided herein, a system has a plurality of arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) having a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports. A signal within a given wavelength channel transmitted to one of the input ports of a given AWG is routed to one of the output ports of the given AWG based on a signal wavelength. The system also has a plurality of nodes, with each node comprising a set of components for each AWG that the node is coupled to. Each set of components comprises a plurality of optical transmitters, where each optical transmitter is tunable over multiple wavelength channels within a different wavelength band; a band multiplexer to multiplex the multiple wavelength channels within each different wavelength band; and a first output fiber to couple an output of the band multiplexer to one of the input ports of a first AWG.

Abstract: A waveguide mode expander couples a smaller optical mode in a semiconductor waveguide to a larger optical mode in an optical fiber. The waveguide mode expander comprises a shoulder and a ridge. In some embodiments, the ridge of the waveguide mode expander has a plurality of stages, the plurality of stages having different widths at a given cross section.

Abstract: System for coupling light to integrated devices, comprising a grating coupler which couples light, such as light from a light source, into an optic fiber. The system includes an optic subsystem comprising a transmitter portion receiving the light emitted by the grating coupler and a receiver portion receiving light from the transmitter and focusing the light into the integrated device, the transmitter portion being configured to modify an angle distribution of the light emitted by the grating coupler and the receiving portion being configured to focus the light with modified angle distribution into the integrated device.

Abstract: There is provided an optical system for coupling light into a waveguide. The optical system comprising a coupler arranged at a portion of the waveguide. The coupler has a surface with a grating structure for directing light into the waveguide formed therein. A cladding layer embeds the coupler and an optical path changing structure is formed in the cladding layer. The optical path changing structure has a refractive surface and a reflective surface, each forming an acute angle with respect to the surface of the coupler. Light which enters the optical path changing structure through the refractive surface will be refracted and directed towards the reflective surface. The reflective surface is arranged to reflect the light such that it is directed towards the grating structure of the coupler along a direction suitable for efficient coupling of light into the waveguide.

Abstract: A light guide arrangement for a mobile communications device for optical data transmission by an optoelectronic interface component of the communications device is provided. The light guide arrangement includes a light guide body with a greatest extent in the principal light guiding direction, a first optical coupling member for coupling the optoelectronic interface component to the light guide body, a second optical coupling member with a first lens element that has a first optical axis transverse to the principal light guiding direction and with a first optical deflection element arranged along the first optical axis, and a third optical coupling member with a second lens element that has a second optical axis transverse to the principal light guiding direction and with a second optical deflection element arranged along the second optical axis. The second optical axis differs from the first optical axis.

Abstract: Provided are a solid-state image pickup apparatus which includes: a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of photoelectric converters; a first and a second insulating layers formed on the semiconductor substrate; an optical waveguide formed above each of the plurality of photoelectric converters and in an opening portion of the first and the second insulating layers, and has a refractive index higher than a refractive index of the first insulating layer; and a light reflecting layer formed at a boundary between the optical waveguide and the second insulating layer, and has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the optical waveguide, where the following expression is satisfied: ?<90°, where a represents an angle formed by a boundary surface between the light reflecting layer and the second insulating layer with respect to a boundary surface between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.

Abstract: An optical structure is presented. The optical structure includes a substrate including a cavity on a first surface of the substrate. The optical structure further includes an optical component on the substrate, the optical component including a second surface opposed to the first surface of the substrate. The optical structure also includes an adhesive in a gap between the first surface of the substrate and the second surface of the optical component affixing the optical component to the substrate, wherein at least one of the first surface of the substrate and the second surface of the optical component includes a predetermined portion arranged around the cavity, wherein the predetermined portion prevents the adhesive from infiltrating.

Abstract: An optical interconnect is located on a surface of a semiconductor handle substrate. The optical interconnect includes a waveguide core material portion that is completely surrounded on all four sides by a dielectric oxide-containing cladding structure. The dielectric oxide-containing material of the dielectric oxide-containing cladding structure that is located laterally adjacent end segments of the waveguide core material portion is configured to include a sidewall surface that can receive and transmit light. A plurality of semiconductor devices can be formed above the topmost dielectric oxide-containing material of the dielectric oxide-containing cladding structure.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch includes a dispersion optical system dispersing wavelength multiplexing light obtained by multiplexing the plurality of frequency components to the plurality of frequency components by giving a dispersion angle having nonlinear frequency dependency to each of a plurality of frequency components; a light deflection element deflecting the plurality of frequency components; a condensing element condensing the plurality of frequency components on the light deflection element; and a prism optical system optically coupled to the dispersion optical system and the condensing element, and adapting spatial positions of the frequency components incident on the light deflection element to change linearly for frequencies by linearizing the frequency dependency of the dispersion angles and making incident the plurality of frequency components on the condensing element.

Abstract: A first substrate, bonded to a second substrate by a material, is provided. The first substrate is transparent to at least some wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. The first substrate is irradiated with the electromagnetic radiation to which the first substrate is transparent, such that the electromagnetic radiation impinges on the material causing a decomposition thereof at a location at an interface between the first substrate and the material. The decomposition results in, at the location, an interface of the first substrate and an atmosphere of the decomposition. The atmosphere of the decomposition has an optical property resulting in ceasing the decomposition of the material.

Abstract: An optical interposer comprising an array of first order diffraction grating couplers arranged to couple light emitted by an array of single mode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) into optical waveguides, the light being emitted in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical waveguides; a device for refracting the light over at least 4 degrees; an array of output ports arranged to optically couple light from the optical waveguides into an array of optical fibers or other optical elements; and the optical waveguides connecting the array of first order diffraction grating couplers and the array of output ports to route the light from the diffraction gratings into the output ports.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention are related to a method and apparatus for capturing an image without a lens. Ambient light reflected off of objects are received through a surface of a light guide substrate and reflected off of reflective features included therein toward a plurality of photodetectors arranged on edges of the substrate. Signals generated by the photodetecotors are processed to generate images of the objects. Reflective features are arranged in such a way that a line-of-sight propagation path exists between each reflective facet and a photodetector with no or little obstruction from the other reflective features for rays of reflected light normal to edges of the light guide substrate.

Abstract: A backlight assembly includes a light guide member extending in a direction and having a light incident surface and a light exiting surface. A light source faces the light guide member and supplies light to the light guide member through the light incident surface. A reflecting member reflects light exiting from the light exiting surface of the light guide member. The reflecting member includes a groove receiving the light guide member. A first reflecting portion is disposed under the light guide member and reflects light refracted by the light guide member in an upward direction. A second reflecting portion is disposed on the light guide member and reflects light refracted by the light guide member in a downward direction.

Abstract: In one aspect, an optical device comprises a monolithic optical module which includes a first total internal reflection (TIR) surface, a second TIR surface adjacent the first TIR surface, and a first optical port aligned with the first internal optical beam dividing interface. An interface between the first TIR surface and the second TIR surface forms a first internal optical beam dividing interface. An exterior surface of the first TIR surface and an exterior surface of the second TIR surface form a generally V-shaped notch on the monolithic optical module. A first optical beam entering the monolithic optical module through the first optical port and incident on the first internal optical beam dividing interface is partially reflected by the first TIR surface to travel in a first direction as a second optical beam and partially reflected by the second TIR surface to travel in a second direction as a third optical beam. The second direction is generally opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A grating coupler comprising a semiconductor substrate, a one-dimensional (1D) grating element coupled to the semiconductor substrate, wherein the 1D grating element is adapted to simultaneously couple a first polarization component of an incident optical beam with a transverse electric (TE) waveguide mode in a first propagation direction and a second polarization component of the incident optical beam with a transverse magnetic (TM) waveguide mode in a second propagation direction, and wherein the first propagation direction is opposite of the second propagation direction.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes a first fiber, a second fiber, a light-emitting unit, a light-receiving unit, and a lens unit. The lens unit includes a first portion and a second portion connecting with the first portion. The first portion includes a first entrance surface, a first exit surface, and a first reflecting surface. The first entrance surface is perpendicular to the first exit surface. The first optical fiber faces the first entrance surface and the light-receiving unit faces the first exit surface. The second portion includes a second entrance surface, a second exit surface, and a second reflecting surface. The second entrance surface is perpendicular to the second exit surface. The first entrance surface and the second exit surface are coplanar.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical coupling unit for an arrangement for sending optical signals, including a base unit, a light path formed between a light input and a light output of the base unit and configured to transmit light received via the light input to the light output, an outer light path section included in the light path, which section extends outside the base unit and into which the light transmitted along the light path emerges from the base unit via a light exit and from which the light after passing through the outer light path section enters again into the base unit via a light entry, and a light decoupling element, which is formed in the light path by means of at least one beamsplitting surface coating and configured to decouple a portion of the light transmitted along the light path. Furthermore the invention relates to an arrangement for sending optical signals and to an optical transceiver.

Abstract: A manufacture includes a package structure, a first substrate, and a conductive member of a same material. The package structure includes a chip comprising a conductive pad, a conductive structure over the chip, and a passivation layer over the conductive structure. The passivation layer has an opening defined therein, and the opening exposes a portion of a planar portion of the conductive structure. The first substrate includes a first surface defining a first reference plane and a second surface defining a second reference plane. The conductive member extends across the first reference plane and the second reference plane and into the opening. The conductive member is electrically coupled to the exposed portion of the planar portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for optical coupling comprises a substrate, a first waveguide formed on the substrate and includes a grating structure directing light in a first direction, and a second waveguide formed on the first waveguide and including an angled portion directing the light in a second direction different from the first direction.

Abstract: An optical connector includes a substrate, a light emitter, a case, an optical fiber, and a photo detector. The light emitter, the case, and the photo detector are positioned on the substrate, and the case covers the light emitter and the photo detector. The case defines a first slot and a second slot. The first slot is configured for splitting a light beam of the light emitter into a part transmitting to the optical fiber for data transmission and another part to a side surface of the second slot and directed to the photo detector for intensive and stability measurement of the light beam.

Abstract: An apparatus for optical coupling comprises a substrate, a first waveguide formed on the substrate and includes a grating structure directing light in a first direction, and a second waveguide formed on the first waveguide and including an angled portion directing the light in a second direction different from the first direction.

Abstract: An optical fiber fusion splicer that heats and fusion-splices optical fibers to each other, the optical fiber fusion splicer includes: a coating clamp installation base; a coating clamp that is attached to the coating clamp installation base and has a coating clamp lid that is openable and closable; and a first power source for advancing the coating clamp installation base and opening the coating clamp lid. An operation of opening the coating clamp lid is performed using the first power source after the fusion splicing is completed.

Abstract: An optical device module includes a substrate, an interlayer insulating layer on the substrate, an optical waveguide on the interlayer insulating layer, an optical device on the optical waveguide, and a prism disposed between the optical device and the optical waveguide. The prism has a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A filter and fabrication process for a thin film filter that is based on frustrated total internal reflection and multiple waveguide layers, in which the waveguide modes are resonantly coupled. The physics of the design is related to prism coupling of light into planar waveguides, and waveguide coupling between planar waveguides in close proximity. Embodiments include a filter that acts as a bandpass filter and polarizer, a filter that acts as a bandpass filter, polarizer and angle filter (spatial filter), a filter that is widely tunable, and a filter that is widely tunable in both peak transmission wavelength and width. Methods of fabrication are disclosed, and methods to correct for manufacturing errors in thin film deposition are described. The filter embodiments can also be used in reflection as notch filters in wavelength and angle, for a particular polarization component.

Abstract: A light emitting device package including light emitting devices, and optical lenses respectively disposed over the light emitting devices. Further, a respective optical lens includes an extending member extending from a body of the respective optical lens, and including a first portion laterally extending in a first direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the respective light emitting device, and a second portion extending towards the substrate in a second direction substantially parallel with the central axis of the respective light emitting device. A vertical cross section of the second portion is substantially symmetrical with respect to an axis that is spaced apart in the first direction from and substantially parallel with the central axis of the respective light emitting device.