Abstract: A head-mounted display (HMD) system including a lens element supported by a support structure, the lens element having a waveguide with an incoupler configured to receive light from an optical scanner of the HMD. The incoupler is configured with multiple features varying in at least one of height, spacing, angle, or density. The features may be separated into discrete zones along the incoupler such that at least one of height, spacing, angle, or density of the plurality of features is varied over the incoupler and constant within a given zone or the features may be varied continuously across the incoupler.

Abstract: The present invention features new waveguide layouts for input, redirection (expansion), and output holograms that minimize cross talk between colors and allow all three colors to reside in a single waveguide. The use of multiple incoupling holograms that diffract different colors of light in different directions, or along different paths, through a waveguide substrate advantageously provides for a reduction of cross-talk between the colors of a holographic image. In a square-shaped design, red, green, and blue input and output holograms approximately overlay on top of each other. The green redirection hologram is laterally separated from the red and blue redirection holograms. Using this square-shape design, the light beams for the three colors are separated into two paths propagating from input to output holograms.

Abstract: A package structure includes a photonic die, an electronic die and a gap filling layer. The photonic die includes a dielectric layer, a silicon layer, a reflector structure and a plurality of connection pads. The silicon layer is disposed on the dielectric layer, wherein the silicon layer includes a grating coupler having a plurality of first trench patterns with a first depth and a plurality of second trench patterns with a second depth, wherein the first depth is different than the second depth. The reflector structure is embedded in the dielectric layer below the grating coupler. The connection pads are disposed over the dielectric layer. The electronic die is disposed on the photonic die, wherein the electronic die includes a plurality of bonding pads bonded to the connection pads of the photonic die. The gap filling layer is disposed on the photonic die and surrounding the electronic die.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) disposed in a thermomechanical housing included performing an initialization process including measuring a transmission ratio at a plurality of FBG temperatures between an initial and final temperature, determining a maximum transmission ratio, and changing the temperature of the FBG until the transmission ratio equals a target transmission ratio. The method also includes performing an operation process including (a) measuring the transmission ratio, (b) adjusting the FBG temperature to align the measured transmission ratio with the predetermined fraction of the maximum transmission ratio, and (c) iteratively performing (a) and (b).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a mould for nanoprinting and the associated mould, includes providing a substrate having a layer, and at least one ion implantation configured so as to obtain in the layer, at least one first non-implanted portion or portion having a first implantation, at least one second portion having a second implantation, and a third non-implanted portion distinct from the first portion. After implantation, the method includes etching the layer configured so as to have a different etching speed between at least the second portion and the third portion, so as to etch through the openings of an etching mask, a plurality of patterns of different heights being included in the layer.

Abstract: A logical qubit, a quantum processor, and a method of performing an operation on the logical qubit are discussed. The logical qubit includes first and second tunable couplers and a plurality of fixed couplers, with at least one fixed coupler providing four physical qubit interaction. The first and second tunable couplers and the fixed couplers enforce even parity in any connected qubits. The logical qubit has a plurality of physical qubits with qubits connected to the first tunable coupler and a first fixed coupler, qubits connected to the second tunable coupler and a second fixed coupler, and qubits connected between the first fixed coupler and the second fixed coupler. Each fixed coupler is connected to at least two physical qubits and at least two paths connect the first tunable coupler and the second tunable coupler, with one path communicating with a microwave line.

Abstract: An eyepiece for an augmented reality display system. The eyepiece can include a waveguide substrate. The waveguide substrate can include an input coupler grating (ICG), an orthogonal pupil expander (OPE) grating, a spreader grating, and an exit pupil expander (EPE) grating. The ICG can couple at least one input light beam into at least a first guided light beam that propagates inside the waveguide substrate. The OPE grating can divide the first guided light beam into a plurality of parallel, spaced-apart light beams. The spreader grating can receive the light beams from the OPE grating and spread their distribution. The spreader grating can include diffractive features oriented at approximately 90° to diffractive features of the OPE grating. The EPE grating can re-direct the light beams from the first OPE grating and the first spreader grating such that they exit the waveguide substrate.

Abstract: Waveguides and waveguide displays having a layer for blocking non-image light (i.e. haze) that could otherwise reduce contrast and degrade color gamut and uniformity, while providing high transmission to external light are provided. Many waveguides and displays incorporate at least one light control layer applied to at least one external surface of a waveguide supporting at least one grating and overlapping at least a portion of the at least one grating, to divert or block scattered light from the set of gratings that might otherwise enter said eyebox.

Abstract: A gain flattening filter includes a first optical fiber that has a core, a first cladding, and a second cladding and that has a uniform composition in a length direction; and a pair of second optical fibers fused to both ends of the first optical fiber. The first optical fiber has a first section in which a slanted refractive index grating is formed and a pair of second sections connecting both ends of the first section to the pair of second optical fibers. The first cladding contains a photosensitive material whose refractive index increases upon irradiation with light having a specific wavelength. In the core, a tensile stress remains in the first section. An average MFD of the second sections is larger than an average MFD of the second optical fibers and smaller than an average MFD of the first section.

Abstract: An optical filter device, system, and methods for improved optical rejection of high angle of incidence (AOI) light is disclosed. For example, an analyte detection system is provided that includes an excitation light source for illuminating an implantable sensor and an optical detector for collecting emission light from the implantable sensor. Further, the optical detector portion of the analyte detection system features an optical filter device including a surface-treated microchannel wherein the surface-treated microchannel serves to absorb, trap, and/or block high-AOI light. Further, a method of operation of the presently disclosed microchannel-based optical filter device including a surface-treated microchannel is provided with respect to the high optical rejection of high-AOI light.

Abstract: A vertical grating coupler is disclosed. The grating coupler includes a first waveguide having a first grating, a second waveguide having a second grating, and a dielectric layer positioned between the first waveguide and the second waveguide. The first grating includes a plurality of first grating ridges separated by a plurality first grating gaps, and the second grating includes a plurality of second grating ridges separated by a plurality second grating gaps. The first grating, the second grating, and the dielectric layer are located in a vertical overlap region between the first waveguide and the second waveguide. The first grating and the second grating have different grating periods, and each of the plurality of first grating gaps and second grating gaps are filled with the dielectric layer.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided a method for monitoring quality of loose tube fiber optic cable during manufacture in a secondary coating line. Initially, a trained machine-learning algorithm for calculating expected values of one or more quality metrics of manufactured loose tube fiber optic cable based on values of the one or more production process parameters of the secondary coating line is maintained in a machine-learning database. A computing system monitors one or more values of the one or more production process parameters during miming of the secondary coating line and calculates, in real-time during the monitoring, one or more expected values of the one or more quality metrics using the trained machine-learning algorithm with the monitored values of the one or more production process parameters as input. The computing system outputs at least the one or more expected values of the one or more quality metrics to a user device.

Abstract: An optoelectronic emitter with a phased array antenna on a photonic chip includes a power splitter, an array of phase shifters and elementary emitters, and an integrated control device. The integrated control device includes an interferometric focusing lens, the entrance and exit faces of which are curved and define a free propagation region with a homogeneous refractive index. Input waveguides are connected to the entrance face orthogonal thereto and have an effective index for the guided modes adapted such that the optical paths of the input waveguides are identical to each other.

Abstract: Provided are an LPFG and an optical transmission system in which a mode conversion amount does not depend on a polarization state and an electric field distribution. The LPFG according to the present invention includes cavity rows (25-1 and 25-2) of cavities 15 periodically arranged in a core region 11 of the few-mode fiber 10 at a position away from a central axis z of the core region 11 in parallel with the central axis z. Each of the cavity rows (25-1 and 25-2) is located at a different position in a longitudinal direction of the few-mode fiber 10 (where the position in a z direction is different), and the cavity rows (25-1 and 25-2) are located at positions shifted by 90° on a cross section of the core region 11 with the center of the cross section of the core region 11 (the intersection of an x-axis and a y-axis) as an origin.

Abstract: An optical display includes a waveguide comprising an input coupler, first expansion grating, second expansion grating, and output coupler. The input coupler is configured to couple image light from an image source. The first expansion grating is configured to receive the image light, expand the image light along a first axis and away from a first direction at a first angle of expansion, and direct the image light out of the first expansion grating in a second direction different than the first direction. The second expansion grating is configured to receive the image light, to expand the image light along the first axis and towards the first direction at a second angle of expansion, and direct the image light out of the first expansion grating in the second direction.

Abstract: Provided are: a light guide element in which deterioration in image sharpness can be prevented and the entire area of a display image can be suitably observed irrespective of the visual line of a user, the position of eyes of the user, and the like; and an image display apparatus including the light guide element. The light guide element includes: a light guide plate that includes a first light guide layer and a second light guide layer; and an incidence diffraction element and an emission diffraction element that are laminated on the second light guide layer, in which in a case where a refractive index of the first light guide layer is represented by n1 and a refractive index of the second light guide layer is represented by n2 in the light guide plate, n1<n2 is satisfied.

Abstract: A tunable coupler for making a controllable coupling to at least a first qubit is disclosed. The tunable coupler includes a first constant coupling element and a tunable coupling element. The first constant coupling element forms a non-galvanic coupling interface to at least the first qubit at a first extremity that is distant from the tunable coupling element. The tunable coupling element is located adjacent to a non-galvanic coupling interface formed as an interface to a circuit element at a second extremity thereof.

Abstract: Configurations for a beam deflector metasurface are disclosed. The beam deflector metasurface may include beam deflectors arranged in a repeating, radial pattern of concentric zones. The beam deflector metasurface may be a large area, high numerical aperture metasurface optic with high efficiency when directing light at non-normal angles of incidence. The different concentric zones may direct received light in varying directions with various steepness of angles. The beam deflectors may include pillars that may be the same or different width, height, or shape. The pillars may function as diffractive gratings and the cross-coupling between the pillars may direct the output light. The zones of the beam deflector metasurface may allow for diffusing hot spots and spreading the light evenly over the target area. The beam deflector metasurface may be used for non-imaging applications where the deterioration of focus allows for better efficiency at non-normal input and output angles of incidence.

Abstract: A display system includes a display screen layer, a coupling region, an upper guide, a first coupler, a second coupler, and an optical element. The coupling region may be positioned along a sidewall of the display screen layer and may route a beam between the optical element and the upper guide and may route the beam between the first coupler and the second coupler. The first coupler may be positioned along a front surface of the upper guide and may couple a beam through the front surface of the upper guide. The second coupler may be positioned between the coupling region and the upper guide and may couple the beam between the coupling region and the upper guide. The optical element may be positioned below a back surface of the upper guide. A computing device with the display system is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are an optical system and a mixed reality device. The optical system includes a projection apparatus, a substrate layer and a diffraction grating layer. The projection apparatus is configured to project two beams of image light. The substrate layer has two side surfaces and two planes, where each of the two side surfaces is configured to receive a respective one of the two beams of the image light, and the two planes are configured to totally reflect each of the two beams of the image light entering the substrate layer. The diffraction grating layer is disposed on at least one plane of the substrate layer and is configured to diffract, in a reflective manner or a transmissive manner, the two beams of the image light propagating in the substrate layer, where energy of target image light diffracted out of the diffraction grating layer is uniformly distributed.

Abstract: Configurations and compositions for frameworks supporting optics such as lenses are described that provide an invariant structure regardless of temperature swings, thereby maintaining alignment and focus. Frameworks may comprise tiered structures of materials having multiple distinct coefficients of thermal expansion. An optical framework includes a first framework portion coupled to a first lens and a second framework portion coupled to a second lens. The first framework portion and second framework portion comprise materials having a coefficient of thermal expansion such that expansion of the first framework portion in one direction is offset by expansion of the second framework portion in an opposite direction.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses for optical coupling and a system for communication. In one embodiment, an apparatus for optical coupling having an optical coupling region is disclosed. The apparatus for optical coupling includes a substrate and a core layer disposed on the substrate. The core layer includes a plurality of holes located in the optical coupling region. An effective refractive index of the core layer gradually decrease from a first end of the optical coupling region to a second end of the optical coupling region.

Abstract: A light conversion portion includes a conversion material that converts infrared light to visible light. A reflection portion is fixed to a position on a main substrate at which the reflection portion faces an output end of an optical waveguide chip on the side from which light is output to an external space. The reflection portion includes a reflection surface that faces the output end and is inclined with respect to a plane of the main substrate such that a reflection direction is toward the upper side of the main substrate. The reflection surface reflects near infrared light.

Abstract: An optical system includes a tunable laser that generates an optical signal at an output that is wavelength tunable. A wavelength router directs particular wavelength bands of the optical signal to particular ones of the plurality of outputs. An optical emitter emits an optical beam at an output, wherein tuning the tunable laser steers the emitted beam.

Abstract: A coupling system includes an optical fiber configured to carry an optical signal. The coupling system further includes a chip in optical communication with the optical fiber. An angle between the optical fiber and a top surface of the chip ranges from about 92-degrees to about 88-degrees. The chip includes a grating configured to receive the optical signal; and a waveguide, wherein the grating is configured to receive the optical signal and redirect the optical signal along the waveguide. ms.

Abstract: An optical assembly for optical aperture expansion combines facet reflective technology with diffractive technology. At least two diffractive components having opposite optical power (matching) are used, so that chromatic dispersion introduced by the first diffractive component will then be cancelled by the second diffractive component. The two diffractive components are used in combination with a reflective optical component to achieve more efficient aperture expansion (for near eye display), reducing distortions and noise, while also reducing design constraints on the system and individual components, as compared to conventional techniques. The assembly eliminates and/or reduces the need for polarization management, while enabling wider field of view. In addition, embodiments can have reduced nonuniformity, as compared to conventional single technology implementations, since the distortion patterns of the two technologies do not correlate.

Abstract: A waveguide apparatus comprises in combination: a light pipe with an optical axis for guiding light therethrough; a light coupling element in optical contact with an elongate portion of the reflecting surface of the light guide; and an optical waveguide in optical contact with the coupling element.

Abstract: A head-mounted display system is configured to project light to an eye of a user wearing the head-mounted display system to display content in a vision field of said user. The head-mounted display system comprises at least one diffusive optical element, at least one out-coupling optical element, at least one mask comprising at least one mask opening, at least one illumination in-coupling optical element configured to in-couple light from at least one illumination source into a light-guiding component, an image projector configured to in-couple an image and an at least one illumination source is configured to in-couple light into at least one illumination in-coupling optical element, an eyepiece, a curved light-guiding component, a light-guiding component comprising a portion of a frame, and/or two light-guiding components disposed on opposite sides of at least one out-coupling optical element.

Abstract: A diffraction optical waveguide is disclosed, which comprises a grating structure formed on a waveguide substrate. The grating structure comprises a plurality of optical unit structures arranged in an array along a plane; the optical unit structure has a first end and a second end in a first direction parallel to the plane, a distance between the two ends along the first direction is a length L of the optical unit structure; it has a maximum width W perpendicular to the first direction in a predetermined section along the first direction, where 0.3L?W?0.7L, and a central position of the predetermined section is at a predetermined distance d from the first end in the first direction, where d<0.5L; and a width gradually decreases from the predetermined section to both ends, so that a centroid of a cross-section of the optical unit structure is closer to the first end.

Abstract: Examples described herein relate to an optical device with an integrated light-emitting structure to generate light and a waveguide integrated capacitor to monitor light. The light-emitting structure may emit light upon the application of electricity to the optical device. The waveguide integrated capacitor may be formed under the light-emitting structure to monitor the light emitted by the light-emitting structure. The waveguide integrated capacitor includes a waveguide region carrying at least a portion of the light. The waveguide region includes one or more photon absorption sites causing the generation of free charge carriers relative to an intensity of the light confined in the waveguide region resulting in a change in the conductance of the waveguide region.

Abstract: A waveguide based wavelength-tunable laser formed on a semiconductor substrate includes a first reflector from which laser light is output, a second reflector configuring a laser resonator together with the first reflector, a gain portion that is provided between the first reflector and the second reflector, at least two wavelength filters that can adjust wavelength characteristics and adjust a wavelength of the laser light, and a phase adjuster that adjusts an optical path length in the laser resonator, and a waveguide is formed to fold back an optical path by an angle of substantially 180 degrees between the first reflector and the second reflector.

Abstract: An AR glasses device includes a supporting portion, an optical-mechanical assembly, and an adjustment assembly comprising a first adjustment module and a second adjustment module. The optical-mechanical assembly comprises a first optical-mechanical module and a second optical-mechanical module arranged in a second direction. The first optical-mechanical module comprises a first waveguide sheet and a first fixing portion to drive the first waveguide sheet to rotate about the second direction. The second optical-mechanical module comprises a second fixing portion and a second waveguide sheet. The first adjustment module extends through the supporting portion in a first direction and connects the first fixing portion. An arc-shaped groove about the first direction penetrates the supporting portion in the first direction.

Abstract: A coupling system includes an optical fiber configured to carry an optical signal. The coupling system further includes a chip in optical communication with the optical fiber. The chip includes a substrate. The chip further includes a grating on a first side of the substrate, wherein the grating is configured to receive the optical signal. The chip further includes an interconnect structure over the grating on the first side of the substrate, wherein the interconnect structure defines a cavity aligned with the grating. The chip further includes a first polysilicon layer on a second side of the substrate, wherein the second side of the substrate is opposite to the first side of the substrate.

Abstract: With a wavelength conversion device based on a nonlinear optical effect, when arrayed waveguides including an intended nonlinear waveguide are fabricated, unwanted slab waveguides are inevitably formed. The slab waveguides can cause an erroneous measurement in the selection of a waveguide having desired characteristics from the arrayed waveguides. The erroneous measurement can lead to redoing steps for fabricating the wavelength conversion device and a decrease in the yield and inhibit the evaluation of the characteristics in selection of the waveguide and the subsequent fabrication of the wavelength conversion device from being efficiently performed. A wavelength conversion device according to the present invention includes a plurality of waveguides formed on a substrate, and a plurality of slab waveguides that are arranged substantially in parallel with and spaced apart from the plurality of waveguides, and each of the slab waveguides has a grating structure that reflects light of a particular wavelength.

Abstract: An optical system provides two-stage expansion of an input optical aperture for a display based on a light-guide optical element. A first expansion is achieved using two distinct sets of mutually-parallel partially-reflecting surfaces, each set handing a different part of an overall field-of-view presented to the eye. In some cases, a single image projector provides image illumination to two sets of facets that are integrated into the LOE. In other cases, two separate projectors deliver image illumination corresponding to two different parts of the field-of-view to their respective sets of facets.

Abstract: An optical system performs a method for measuring an acoustic signal in a wellbore. The optical system includes a light source, an optical fiber and a detector. The light source generates a light pulse. The optical fiber has a first end for receiving the light pulse from the light source and a plurality of enhancement scatterers spaced along a length of the optical fiber for reflecting the light pulse. A longitudinal density of the enhancement scatterers increases with a distance from the first end to increase a signal enhancement generated by the enhancement scatterers distal from the first end. The detector is at the first end of the optical fiber and measures a reflection of the light pulse at the enhancement scatterers to determine the acoustic signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods relating to the fabrication of light guide elements. An example system includes an optical component configured to direct light emitted by a light source to illuminate a photoresist material at one or more desired angles so as to expose an angled structure in the photoresist material. The photoresist material overlays at least a portion of a first surface of a substrate. The optical component includes a container containing a light-coupling material that is selected based in part on the one or more desired angles. The system also includes a reflective surface arranged to reflect at least a first portion of the emitted light to illuminate the photoresist material at the one or more desired angles.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a nano-structure includes: providing a phase mask having an uneven lattice structure to contact a photoresist film; exposing the photoresist film to a light through the phase mask such that the light is obliquely incident on a surface of the photoresist film; and developing the photoresist film to form a nano-structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for two-dimensional mode matching by receiving an optical signal traveling in a first direction; and scattering the optical signal according lto a scattering strength that progressively changes in the first direction. In various embodiments, the scattering strength progressively changes by increasing or decreasing in the first direction. A plurality of scatterers disposed in a path of the optical signal change in widths that progressively increase or decrease along the first direction. In various embodiments, a second optical signal is received in the grating coupler from a second direction; and is scattered into a surface of a photonic chip via a grating coupler. In some embodiments, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a metasurface structural body or the like having a structure for achieving desired optical characteristics. The metasurface structural body includes a base member having a first surface and a second surface opposing each other, and a plurality of antennas as a plurality of fine structures arranged along the first surface. The base member has a base portion and an adjacent portion. The antennas each has a first refractive index and an antenna end surface constituting a part of the first surface. The adjacent portion is provided such that a part thereof is positioned between the antennas, the adjacent portion having a second refractive index different from the first refractive index and an adjacent-portion end surface constituting a remaining part of the first surface. The antenna end surfaces and the adjacent-portion end surface form a flat surface as the first surface.

Abstract: Techniques relating to an improved optical waveguide are described. The optical waveguide includes an upper and lower waveguide that each comprise a first and second layer, in which photons are transferred from the lower waveguide to the upper waveguide. A structured subwavelength coupling region is included, for example, in the first upper waveguide layer. The fill factor of the subwavelength grating coupling region is increased in the direction of light propagation to increase the index of refraction of the structured subwavelength coupling region and therefore improve photon transfer from the lower waveguide. Additionally, the width of the optical waveguide (at least along the structured subwavelength coupling region) remains constant as the fill factor increases.

Abstract: A packaged transmitter device includes a base member comprising a planar part mounted with a thermoelectric cooler, a transmitter, and a coupling lens assembly, and an assembling part connected to one side of the planar part. The device further includes a circuit board bended to have a first end region and a second end region being raised to a higher level. The first end region disposed on a top surface of the planar part includes multiple electrical connection patches respectively connected to the thermoelectric and the transmitter. The second end region includes an electrical port for external connection. Additionally, the device includes a cover member disposed over the planar part. Furthermore, the device includes a cylindrical member installed to the assembling part for enclosing an isolator aligned to the coupling lens assembly along its axis and connected to a fiber to couple optical signal from the transmitter to the fiber.

Abstract: An optical device has a light-transmitting substrate, an optical coupling-out configuration, and an optical arrangement. The light-transmitting substrate has at least two major surfaces and guides light by internal reflection between the major surfaces. The optical coupling-out configuration couples the light, guided by internal reflection, out of the light-transmitting substrate toward an eye of a viewer. The optical arrangement is associated with at least one of the two major surfaces, and has a first optical element and a second optical element. The optical elements are optically coupled to each other to define an interface region associated with at least a portion of the coupling-out configuration. The interface region deflects light rays that emanate from an external scene that are incident to the optical arrangement at a given range of incident angles.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing quantum annealing using a quantum system. In one aspect, a method includes controlling the quantum system such that a total Hamiltonian characterizing the quantum system evolves from an initial quantum Hamiltonian to a problem quantum Hamiltonian, wherein controlling the quantum system comprises applying an inhomogeneous driving field to the quantum system to drive the quantum system across a quantum phase transition.

Abstract: Lidar detection device based on a lens and an integrated beam transceiver, comprising a laser, a coupling fiber, a substrate, an input waveguide, a connection waveguide, a 1×N optical switch, a switch electrical interface, N switch output waveguides, N transceiving units, an off-chip processor and a lens, wherein N is a positive integer above 2. The invention can realize three-dimensional detection of a target, and the invention has the characteristics of two-dimensional beam steering independent of wavelength switching, low control complexity, low electric power consumption, receiving and emitting monolithic integration and high receiving efficiency, and being compatible with two laser ranging functions of ToF and FMCW.

Abstract: An optical transceiver includes a silicon photonics substrate, transmitter circuitry, and receiver circuitry that are heterogeneously integrated. The transmitter circuitry includes a plurality of laser devices formed on the silicon photonics substrate, each of the plurality of laser devices configured to generate a respective laser light, a plurality of modulators formed on the silicon photonics substrate, each of the plurality of modulators configured to modulate the laser lights based on driver signals and output, from the silicon photonics substrate, the modulated laser lights, and a driver formed on the silicon photonics substrate and configured to generate the driver signals.

Abstract: Embodiments presented in this disclosure generally relate to an optical device having a grating coupler for redirection of optical signals. One embodiment includes a grating coupler. The grating coupler generally includes a waveguide layer, a thickness of a waveguide layer portion of the waveguide layer being tapered, the thickness defining a direction, and a grating layer disposed above the waveguide layer and perpendicular to the direction where at least a grating layer portion of the grating layer overlaps the waveguide layer portion of the waveguide layer along the direction. Some embodiments are directed to grating coupler implemented with material layers above and a reflector layer below a grating layer, facilitating redirection and confinement of light that improves coupling loss and bandwidth. The material layers and reflector layer above and below the grating layer may be implemented with or without the waveguide layer being tapered.

Abstract: A photonic device and a continuous-wave THz signal generator using such photonic device. The photonic device includes an input waveguide arranged to receive input waves of at least two input frequencies and to generate photons at an output frequency associated with the at least two input frequencies; an output waveguide coupled to the input waveguide and arranged to collect the generated photons at the output frequency; wherein the output waveguide is further arranged to facilitate an amplification of the generated photons as the generated photons propagates along the output waveguide and arranged to output an amplified signal at the output frequency.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an optical waveguide provided with an incident side reflection film and an emission side reflection film to resonate light incident via the incident side reflection film and formed to penetrate from the incident side reflection film to the emission side reflection film for propagating resonated light. The disclosure also includes a substrate to which the optical waveguide is formed from a top surface thereof and a first protection member and a second protection member formed with a material corresponding to a material of the substrate, wherein the first protection member and the second protection member are arranged on the optical waveguide such that one end facet of the first protection member forms an identical plane with a first end facet of the substrate including an optical incident end.

Abstract: A system and method for automated laser ablation includes an end effector for performing laser ablation at a location with restricted access. The systems and methods of the present disclosure specifically provide for a miniature laser end effector which may be inserted through a port or bore in order to ablate the surface of an internal component of a complex assembly. In several embodiments of the present subject matter, the end effector is mounted on a machine and coupled to a laser system.