Abstract: A method for drying materials is disclosed. The method comprises introducing a material into a dryer chamber, creating steam from vaporizing moisture in the material by maintaining the chamber at a temperature, conditioning the material using the steam created from vaporing moisture in the material by conveying the material along a length of the chamber from an inlet end to an outlet end, exhausting steam near the inlet end of the chamber, exhausting steam near a dry-end exit end of the chamber, controlling a migration of moisture between the inlet and outlet ends by adjusting an exhaust flow rate near the inlet end of the chamber and/or an exhaust flow rate near the dry-end exit end of the chamber, and withdrawing the material from the chamber.

Abstract: A compound eco-friendly stove includes a main body, a baking tray support, a baking tray, a butterfly style burner assembly, a grill grate, a grease guide plate, a grease pan, and a lift handle. The main body is provided, on a top, with a first cover and a second cover, which define therebetween an airflow passage. The baking tray support supports the baking tray thereon and is formed with multiple through holes at two sides of the baking tray. The butterfly style burner assembly, the grill grate, the grease guide plate, and the grease pan are disposed sequentially under the baking tray support. An upper compartment oven is formed between the baking tray support and the first and second covers and a lower compartment grill is formed between the butterfly style burner assembly and the grill grate.

Abstract: In a heating-medium heating unit equipped with a first heating-medium circulation box and a second heating-medium circulation box which are in close contact with both surfaces of a PTC heater, in which heating-medium circulation passages are formed in the interior, and which are joined to each other in a liquidtight manner, wherein joining surfaces are sealed with liquid gaskets, the heating-medium circulation passages are provided with joining-surface cooling channels that cool the joining surface which is sealed with a liquid gasket and on which the heat from the PTC heater acts. The joining-surface cooling channels are provided at positions closer to the joining surface than to the PTC heater.

Abstract: A fluid heater of the continuous flow type, comprising a fluid channel having a first fluid channel section (35), at least one substantially cylindrical metal pipe (2), a heating device (6) preferably having two tubular heating elements (6a, 6b) spaced apart from each other over equidistant circumferential sections of the metal pipe, and heat conducting means for providing a heat-conducting connection to the metal pipe (2), wherein a fluid guiding core (30) made of plastic is disposed in the metal pipe (2) and forms the first fluid channel section (35) between the metal pipe and the fluid guiding core (30), wherein the first fluid channel section (35) runs substantially helically in the form of a groove in an outer surface of the fluid guiding core, and wherein the fluid channel has a first fluid connector for fluid supply means and a second fluid connector for fluid discharge means, wherein the fluid guiding core (30) further comprises a substantially coaxial second fluid channel section (34) disposed therei

Abstract: In at least some embodiments, an air handler includes a coil and a fan. The air handler also includes an auxiliary heat source having a plurality of heat elements. The auxiliary heat source implements a wear-leveling algorithm to cycle use of the heat elements over multiple auxiliary heat cycles.

Abstract: An on demand tankless water heater system that is capable of quickly delivering water within a desired temperature range. The tankless water heater provides a hybrid heating method that contains a primary heating system and a secondary heating system disposed in a buffer tank that cooperate to facilitate control of output water temperature during water usage. A pressure differential switch detects low flow demand and allows the secondary heating system to provide immediate heating to the water. This secondary heating system provides a faster temperature response and fine tuning of output water temperature.

Abstract: An adaptive heating system for optimizing energy resources while heating a confined area. The adaptive heating system includes at least the following components: a controller, a first heat source, a switch device, and a wireline system. The wireline system is configured to connect the controller to the first heat source, a second heat source, and the switch device. The controller is configured to receive an input from the switch device, determine whether the input indicates a selection of the first heat source or a selection of the second heat source, and then initiate operation of either the first or the second heat source, based on the determined selection. The first heat source is associated with an electric heater and the second heat source is associated with a gas furnace.

Abstract: A heater system includes a heater assembly, an imaging device and a control system. The heater assembly includes a plurality of heating zones. The imaging device acquires an image of the heater assembly. The control system determines variations in the plurality of heating zones based on the thermal image.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods (i.e., utilities) that allow for the use of non-grid tied renewable energy systems (e.g., PV arrays and/or wind turbines) without requiring battery banks. In various aspects, these utilities permit the efficient use of renewable energy systems to generate electrical power as well as the ability to dynamically direct where such electrical power is applied.

Abstract: A blower intensified gas flame kettle including a kettle disposed in an upper housing and a gas burner disposed in a lower housing and having gas burner jets at least partially inserted into the upper housing. Burning gases emanating from the gas burner jets are directed toward the kettle and contained by the upper housing. The temperature and velocity of the burning gases are enhanced by action of a blower which blows air which mixes with flammable gas in the gas burner prior to burning. Higher temperatures and improved, radiant, conductive and convection heating of the kettle are achieved. A mechanized stirrer enhances heating of contents of the kettle by stirring the contents of the kettle.

Abstract: An evacuated tube boiler comprised of one or more evacuated tubes and a header, operatively connected to form a common internal volume. The internal volume further containing a first heating fluid. A conduit system conducting a second heating fluid through the header and first heating fluid. One or more artificial light sources in proximity to the evacuated tubes. In operation, the artificial light sources radiate light and/or thermal energy to the evacuated tubes whereby the first heating fluid is efficiently heated. The conduit system conducts the second heating fluid through the header and first heating fluid, whereby heat from the first heating fluid is transferred to the second heating fluid. The conduit system conducts the second heating fluid to the point of use. The apparatus may be used in a hydronic boiler heating system for heating a dwelling.

Abstract: A heating system for a subsurface formation includes a conduit located in a first opening in the subsurface formation. Three electrical conductors are located in the conduit. A return conductor is located inside the conduit. The return conductor is electrically coupled to the ends of the electrical conductors distal from the surface of the formation. Insulation is located inside the conduit. The insulation electrically insulates the three electrical conductors, the return conductor, and the conduit from each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system comprising a hybrid heating device (PAC-H) for a fluid contained in a remote tank (SP), comprising a fluid inlet (Wi) for receiving the fluid from the tank, first and second internal heating means for said fluid, control means co-operating with said first and second internal heating means, and a fluid outlet (Wo) for returning said heated fluid. Said control means activate alternately or simultaneously the first and second internal heating means according to a setpoint and/or a predetermined operating parameter of the hybrid heating device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas range usable as an electric range, wherein the simultaneous supply of gas and electricity can be prevented, and the replacement and use thereof are more convenient due to having a simple configuration. The present invention provides a gas range usable as an electric range, comprising: a burner portion at the inside of a case; and an accommodation portion for accommodating a gas container supplying gas to the burner portion, at one side, wherein a heating element placed at the corresponding position of the burner portion and a heating member comprising a body coupled to one side of the heating element are coupled in a separable manner inside the case and the accommodation portion.

Abstract: A hot-air supplying method that includes: generating, by means of a heat pump, hot air that is at a temperature lower than a desired target hot-air temperature; subsequently heating, by a heater, the hot air having been generated by the heat pump, while controlling the heater the temperature adjuster so as to adjust the temperature of hot air thus heated to the target hot-air temperature. This makes it possible to supply, with reduced energy loss and at low costs, hot air for processing a work, the hot air being necessary in a factory where processing and assembly or the like are carried out. Further, temperature control accuracy is enhanced.

Abstract: In a heat medium heating device 10 in which a heat exchange element 20 formed by stacking multiple flat heat exchange tubes 21 and multiple pairs of PTC heaters 26 in multiple layers is fastened and fixed into a casing 11 including heat medium outlet and inlet paths 15 and 16, connection portions 48 and 49 between a power supply HV harness and a control LV harness 44 are provided on an outer surface on one surface side where the heat medium outlet and inlet paths 15 and 16 of the casing 11 are provided, and a control substrate 33 that controls energization to the PTC heaters 26 is disposed on an inside on the same side as a surface on which the connection portions 48 and 49 of the casing 11 is provided.

Abstract: An on demand tankless water heater system that is capable of quickly delivering water within a desired temperature range. The tankless water heater provides a hybrid heating method that contains a primary heating system and a secondary heating system disposed in a buffer tank that cooperate to facilitate control of output water temperature during water usage. A pressure differential switch detects low flow demand and allows the secondary heating system to provide immediate heating to the water. This secondary heating system provides a faster temperature response and fine tuning of output water temperature.

Abstract: A type of mixed energy heater with constant temperature control, which belongs to the field of water heater technology. This water heater includes a gas heating portion, an electric heating portion, and a control circuit. The control circuit includes a power output controller. The electric heating portion is composed of water passage and electric heating device installed in the water passage. The water passages of the gas heating portion and the electric heating portion are connected together in series or in parallel, and the terminal of the passage is equipped with a temperature sensor. The output of the temperature sensor is connected to the signal input of the control circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating air comprising an elongate body adapted to receive, or integrally formed with, one or more electrical heating elements in thermal contact therewith, said body comprising a plurality of heat exchange fins defining a plurality of axially extending flow passages therebetween for heating air flowing therethrough.

Abstract: A method for arc spraying in which at least one wire-shaped spray filler material is melted in an arc by means of electric current and atomised by means of an atomising gas flow and applied in the form of a particle stream onto a workpiece, at least one wire-shaped spray filler material being preheated before the melting in the arc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger (10) for heating flowable media, in particular highly viscous materials, coating materials, or the like, comprising a profile body (11, 12) having at least one flow channel segment (13, 14, 15, 16) of a flow channel of the heat exchanger, and a heating unit disposed in the profile body, wherein the heating unit comprises at least two electric heating elements (22, 24). A first heating element (22) is disposed in a heating element receptacle (23) formed in the profile body, and a second heating element (24) is disposed in a sleeve element (17) of the heating unit, wherein the sleeve element is disposed in the flow channel segment formed in the profile body, such that the heating elements are sealed against the flow channel.

Abstract: A high-efficiency water boiler includes a shell and a heating unit located in the shell. The heating unit includes a heating tank filled with fuel and a heater for heating the fuel. A containing unit includes a container provided around the heating tank. A heat conduction unit includes heat conduction pipes leading to the container from the heating tank to transfer heat to the container from the heating tank. A cooling unit includes a heat exchanger for cooling the fuel going therein from the heating tank. An inlet pipe extends through the heat exchanger and includes an end connected to a leading section of the container so that water can go into the container through the inlet pipe. An outlet pipe is connected to a tailing section of the container so that the water can leave the container through the outlet pipe.

Abstract: A cogeneration system of the present invention includes: a fuel cell (1) configured to generate electricity and heat; a hot water tank (2) configured to store hot water having recovered the heat generated by the fuel cell (1); a heat exchanger (7) configured to transfer the heat generated by the fuel cell (1) to the hot water; a hot water passage (8) that is a first heat medium passage configured such that the heat is transferred to the hot water by the heat exchanger (7) and the hot water flows into the hot water tank (2); a heat medium supplier (9) configured to cause the heat medium to flow through the first heat medium passage (8); a hot water supplying passage (11) through which the hot water stored in the hot water tank (2) is supplied to the heat load; an electric power consuming heater (12) configured to heat the hot water flowing through the hot water supplying passage (11) toward the heat load by consuming surplus electric power of the fuel cell (1) and commercial electric power; and a second heat m

Abstract: Disclosed is a reversible radiator including an exchanger of the type constituted by a body with fins and a tubing traversed by a heating or cooling heat transfer fluid; a means of ventilation (designed to draw the ambient air, to force its passage through the exchanger and to eject it, heated or cooled, into the room; a frame, containing the aforementioned exchanger and the aforementioned means of ventilation, provided with an air inlet opening and an air outlet opening; and a plate, for storing and distributing calories or frigories, attached to the front wall of the aforementioned frame. The means of ventilation is constituted by a plurality of helical fans supplied with low voltage direct current, positioned, side by side, along the axis of symmetry of the front wall of the frame, facing and perpendicular to the longitudinal outlet opening of the aforementioned front wall. The exchanger is positioned on each side of the row of fans, parallel to the latter.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for heating air with a space heater is presented. The space heater includes a space heater cabinet and a plurality of candles. The space heater cabinet is more than three times as wide as it is tall. The space heater cabinet has a top wall and a bottom wall. The space heater cabinet houses a heating unit, an intake vent, and an exhaust vent. The heating unit can heat air within the space heater cabinet. The intake vent allows air to enter the cabinet and the exhaust vent allows warmed air to exit the cabinet.

Abstract: In a method for operating a domestic appliance which can be operated by means of a first energy carrier and by means of a second energy carrier, an optimum energy carrier is determined on the basis of at least one predefinable criterion when a user requests a domestic appliance function.

Abstract: A clothes dryer operates on at least one of first and second sources of power or fuel. The clothes dryer has a housing with a drum that receives associated laundry and a blower assembly for selectively circulating air in the drum to dry the laundry. The dryer is configured for connection with an associated first source of fuel/power for a first heater (e.g., electric) and additionally configured for connection with a different type, associated second source of fuel/power for a second heater (e.g., combustible fuel). Typically, the clothes dryer is adapted for both an electrical connection and a combustible fuel connection. A controller receives a signal or data from an external source indicative of price and usage operation of a particular power source. The controller can then provide an output that prompts the consumer for selection of different modes of operation using the first heater, second heater, or a combination of both.

Abstract: A multi-function roaster system includes a roasting oven serving as a main body formed by two oven sidewalls to which a liftable cover is rotatably mounted. A open top grating roasting assembly is arranged at a bottom of the roasting oven. At a suitable location adjacent to an inner top of the liftable cover, an infrared heating roasting assembly is frame-supported on an oven back wall. The top fired infrared heating roasting assembly includes a reflection plate that is inclined downward in a rearward direction and is arranged at a bottom of the infrared heating roasting assembly to guide greasing dropping induced by infrared heating roasting away from an open top roasting site on a lower portion and to reflect infrared radiation to heat a bottom side of a heating grating. As such a single system allows for selection among multiple roasting modes, includes open top grating roasting and top fired infrared heating roasting.

Abstract: A blower intensified gas flame kettle is disclosed. The kettle and gas burner jets of a gas burner are at least partially inserted into a first housing. Burning gases emanating from the gas burner jets are directed toward the kettle and contained by the first housing. The temperature and velocity of the burning gases are enhanced by action of a blower which blows air which mixes with flammable gas in the gas burner prior to burning. Higher temperatures and improved, radiant, conductive, and convection heating of the kettle are achieved. A mechanized stirrer is also disclosed which enhances heating of contents of the kettle by stirring the contents of the kettle.

Abstract: An adaptive heating system for optimizing energy resources while heating a confined area. The adaptive heating system includes at least the following components: a controller, a first heat source, a switch device, and a wireline system. The wireline system is configured to connect the controller to the first heat source, a second heat source, and the switch device. The controller is configured to receive an input from the switch device, determine whether the input indicates a selection of the first heat source or a selection of the second heat source, and then initiate operation of either the first or the second heat source, based on the determined selection. The first heat source is associated with an electric heater and the second heat source is associated with a gas furnace.

Abstract: A device and a method for providing a gaseous substance mixture including at least one of a reducing agent and/or a reducing agent precursor, include a reservoir for an aqueous solution including at least one reducing agent precursor, from which the aqueous solution can be delivered into at least one metering line having a dispensing opening by a delivery device, and a device for heating the metering line above a critical temperature greater than the boiling temperature of water. Complete evaporation of an aqueous solution including urea and subsequent hydrolysis to form a substance mixture including ammonia, are carried out. The substance mixture is metered as a reducing agent into an SCR catalytic converter. Carrying out the evaporation outside the exhaust system uses considerably smaller hydrolysis catalytic converters, which is space-saving and cost-saving compared to conventional devices for providing a reducing agent for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: An apparatus to heat potable water aboard a recreational marine watercraft includes a metal enclosure that sits atop one burner of a conventional galley stove powered separately from the engine and the source of AC power. Potable water is circulated through a tubing unit mounted within the enclosure by a pump operated by a low DC voltage. The heated potable water is then transferred back to the potable water holding tank through a check valve which prevents reversed flow of the heated water. This provides a boater with the ability to maintain a source of hot water while away from shore power or while the engine is turned off. The top of the enclosure is partially open to allow use of the burner for cooking, or boiling water as needed with the cooking vessel being placed atop of the enclosure.

Abstract: Apparatus for vaporizing liquid in a vaporization pathway having an actively controlled temperature are disclosed according to some aspects. The apparatus can comprise a first body having a cross sectional shape and dimensions substantially equal to the cross sectional shape and dimensions of a cavity in a second body, which allows the first body to be non-permanently inserted into the second body. The outer surface of the first body, the inner surface forming the cavity in the second body, or both can be modified to create a vaporization pathway between the first and second bodies when the surfaces mate and/or align. The liquid vaporizer can further comprise a vaporization pathway inlet for fluid comprising liquid, a vaporization pathway outlet for fluid comprising primarily vapor, and a heater in thermal communication with the first body, the second body, or both. The heater provides active control of the temperature of the vaporization pathway.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and apparatus for generating compound plasma and electro-thermal cooking apparatus using the compound plasma. An electro-thermal cooking apparatus has an evaporator for generating water vapor by heating water therein with electric energy, a blast nozzle for blasting the water vapor supplied from the evaporator, and an electric discharge means, installed in an insulating body around the blast nozzle, for making the water vapor electrically discharged by applying strong energy to the water vapor blasted from the blast nozzle so as to convert the water vapor into compound plasma of hydrogen plasma and oxygen plasma. The compound plasma is used as an energy transfer medium for a cooking utensil. According to the present invention, efficiency of heat transfer is improved because the compound plasma of high temperature of which energy density is relatively high is used, although it employs electrically heating method. The heating time can also be reduced even with a downsized device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for an in situ heat treatment process that utilizes a circulation system to heat one or more treatment areas are described herein. The circulation system may use a heated liquid heat transfer fluid that passes through piping in the formation to transfer heat to the formation. In some embodiments, the piping may be positioned in at least two of the wellbores.

Abstract: A method and a configuration for heating buildings has an infrared heating system containing a radiant tube disposed in a first building, particularly in a hall, to which a gas heated by a furnace is supplied at a first end. A second end of the radiant tube is in a flow connection with a heat exchanger that is subjected to the heated gas after the gas leaves the radiant tube. A radiator or tap water dispenser is disposed in a second building that is connected to the heat exchanger via lines in order to emit the thermal energy absorbed by the heat exchanger in the second building in the form of convection heat or heated tap water.

Abstract: An evaporator cell (100), which is adapted for evaporating, in particular, a high-melting evaporant, includes a crucible (10) for receiving the evaporant, said crucible including a crucible bottom (11), a side wall (12) which extends in an axial direction of the crucible (10), and a crucible opening (13), and a heating device (20) with a heating resistor (21), which has a plurality of heating zones (21.1, 21.2), which are arranged on an outside surface of the crucible (10) and extend axially along the crucible (10), wherein the heating zones (21.1, 21.2) are equipped for multilateral resistance heating and/or electron beam heating of the crucible (10), and wherein the heating zones (21.1, 21.2) are constructed in such a manner that a heating current through the heating resistor (21), which is formed for example by a resistance sleeve, flows in parallel and in the same sense through all heating zones (21.1, 21.2). A method of operating the evaporator cell is also described.

Abstract: An in situ conversion system for producing hydrocarbons from a subsurface formation is described. The system includes a plurality of u-shaped wellbores in the formation. Piping is positioned in at least two of the u-shaped wellbores. A fluid circulation system is coupled to the piping. The fluid circulation system is configured to circulate hot heat transfer fluid through at least a portion of the piping to form at least one heated portion of the formation. An electrical power supply is configured to provide electrical current to at least a portion of the piping located below an overburden in the formation to resistively heat at least a portion of the piping. Heat transfers from the piping to the formation.

Abstract: A device for use in a thermal annealing process for a wafer (T) of material chosen among the semiconductor materials for the purpose of detaching a layer from the wafer at an weakened zone. During annealing, the device applies (1) a basic thermal budget to the wafer, with the basic thermal budget being slightly inferior to the budget necessary to detach the layer, this budget being distributed in an even manner over the weakened zone; and (2) an additional thermal budget is also applied to the wafer locally in a set region of the weakened zone so as to initiate the detachment of the layer in this region.

Abstract: A water heater adapted to be positioned outside of a building and to interface with the plumbing system of the building. The water heater includes a water storage tank adapted to store water outside of the building, a means for heating the water in the tank, a base member supporting the tank outside of the building, and a plurality of water pipes communicating with the water tank. The water heater also includes a manifold that is mounted to the base member and includes a plurality of pipe unions adapted to interface between the plumbing system and the plurality of pipes to provide cold water to the tank and to remove heated water from the tank for use in the building.

Abstract: In a hybrid hot air heater according to the present invention, a chassis having first and second outlets 13 on its front face and first and second inlets 12 on its rear face incorporates therein a gas heater unit 2 comprised of a gas burner 20 and a first air-blowing fan 21 and an electric heater unit 3 comprised of an electric heater 33 and a second air-blowing fan 30 in such a manner that the air blowing systems for the respective two heaters may be independent of each other.

Abstract: Providing a hot air heater and an expansion in the air blowing passage of the hot air heater and suppressing increases in air trunk resistance even if electric heaters are arranged in this expansion in a plurality of stages prevents increases in the rotation speed of the air blowing fan in order to obtain a target air flow which in turn causes the operating noise to grow louder. Therefore, an expansion 35 was formed along the air blowing passage 32. This expansion 35 has an entrance opening 351 and an exit opening 352 and functions as a storage portion that contains the electric heaters 34. The electric heaters are arranged in a plurality of stages in such a manner as to face said entrance opening and a distance between the entrance opening in the expansion and one of the electric heaters that has a highest wind speed at the entrance opening in the expansion of distances between the entrance opening in the expansion and the respective electric heaters is set farther.

Abstract: If both the electric heaters and combustion heaters constitute a hybrid type hot-air heater wherein both heaters are equipped with inlets adjacent to each other and are also housed within a frame and separated such that the air blowing systems of each heater are independent of each other, air leakage will occur in only the combustion heater during the heating operation in a direction opposite to the air blowing passage of the electric heater thereby resulting in dust adhering to the electric heater. If the electric heater is operated in this state, the dust will be heated and then burn causing a foul odor to occur when the heating operation first starts. Therefore, the air blowing fan 43 runs to remove any dust that entered into the air blowing passage before the electric heater 4 runs when the electric heater unit 4, equipped with an electric heater 44, is performing a heating operation.

Abstract: In a configuration of a hybrid hot air heater in which a gas heater unit 2 and an electric heater unit 3 are incorporated into one chassis at the upper part and lower part, respectively, in such a manner that their respective air-blowing systems may be independent of each other, the heater itself is made more compact even with increases in the cross-sectional area of inlets 13a and 13b equipped with anti-dust filters 6a and 6b, respectively. The second inlet 13b of the electric heater unit 3 provided on the chassis 11 is arranged below a gas burner 20 in such a manner as to conserver space and serves as an air inlet passage on the rear side of a housing 211 of a first air-blowing fan 21 that separates the gas heater unit 2 and the electric heater unit 3 from each other.

Abstract: Burner assembly for a cooking range is provided. The burner assembly includes a gas-heat subassembly, and a radiant heat subassembly. An electromechanical interface is configured to detachably interconnect the subassemblies to one another. The electromechanical interface is further configured to pass electrical power to the radiant heat subassembly.

Abstract: When errors occurred that prevented operation of one heater unit in a conventional hybrid type hotair heater, the heating operation was continued by means of the other heater unit although the user could not immediately recognize that error thereby resulting in the possibility that the error condition might remain in the hotair heater. Therefore, an error detection means was installed in each gas and electric heater unit to detect errors that prevent heating operation in each of these heater units. When an error is detected in one heater unit during the heating operation by means of said error detection means, the heating operation of the device stops once. When the operation starts up again, the other heater unit, where said error did not occur, runs and the heating operation continues.

Abstract: A first partial heating system having a first heat source with an integrated heat source heat exchanger and heat transfer devices spaced from the heat source as a radiator with heat transfer outside surfaces and flow lines and return lines between the heat source heat exchanger and the heat transfer devices containing a flowable heat transport medium. A second partial heating system having a second heat source. A heat control system with a temperature regulator and switching unit for controlling both partial heating systems for individual operation or joint operation. The second partial heating system is a radiation heating system having a radiation surface coating capable of electrical activation which is applied to the heat transfer outside surfaces of the radiator as a radiation surface of the second partial heating system.

Abstract: If both the electric heaters and combustion heaters constitute a hybrid type hot-air heater wherein both heaters are equipped with inlets adjacent to each other and are also housed within a frame and separated such that the air blowing systems of each heater are independent of each other, air leakage will occur in only the combustion heater during the heating operation in a direction opposite to the air blowing passage of the electric heater thereby resulting in dust adhering to the electric heater. If the electric heater is operated in this state, the dust will be heated and then burn causing a foul odor to occur when the heating operation first starts. Therefore, the air blowing fan 43 runs to remove any dust that entered into the air blowing passage before the electric heater 4 runs when the electric heater unit 4, equipped with an electric heater 44, is performing a heating operation.

Abstract: A first partial heating system having a first heat source with an integrated heat source heat exchanger and heat transfer devices spaced from the heat source as a radiator with heat transfer outside surfaces and flow lines and return lines between the heat source heat exchanger and the heat transfer devices containing a flowable heat transport medium. A second partial heating system having a second heat source. A heat control system with a temperature regulator and switching unit for controlling both partial heating systems for individual operation or joint operation. The second partial heating system is a radiation heating system having a radiation surface coating capable of electrical activation which is applied to the heat transfer outside surfaces of the radiator as a radiation surface of the second partial heating system.

Abstract: When errors occurred that prevented operation of one heater unit in a conventional hybrid type hotair heater, the heating operation was continued by means of the other heater unit although the user could not immediately recognize that error thereby resulting in the possibility that the error condition might remain in the hotair heater. Therefore, an error detection means was installed in each gas and electric heater unit to detect errors that prevent heating operation in each of these heater units. When an error is detected in one heater unit during the heating operation by means of said error detection means, the heating operation of the device stops once. When the operation starts up again, the other heater unit, where said error did not occur, runs and the heating operation continues.