Abstract: An electrospray ion source comprises: a needle capillary comprising a spray tip end and an opposite end; a nebulizing gas channel parallel to the needle capillary; an auxiliary gas channel parallel to the needle capillary; a heater parallel to a length of the auxiliary gas channel; a thermally conductive heat transfer member parallel to a length of the needle capillary and disposed between the needle capillary and the heater, said heat transfer member having a first end adjacent to the spray tip end of the needle capillary and a second end opposite to the first end; and a cooled heat sink member in thermal contact with the second end of the heat transfer member.

Abstract: A blower intensified gas flame kettle including a kettle disposed in an upper housing and a gas burner disposed in a lower housing and having gas burner jets at least partially inserted into the upper housing. Burning gases emanating from the gas burner jets are directed toward the kettle and contained by the upper housing. The temperature and velocity of the burning gases are enhanced by action of a blower which blows air which mixes with flammable gas in the gas burner prior to burning. Higher temperatures and improved, radiant, conductive and convection heating of the kettle are achieved. A mechanized stirrer enhances heating of contents of the kettle by stirring the contents of the kettle.

Abstract: An infrared lamp with a closed-off enveloping tube which encloses an emission source joined with contacts for a power supply in the form of a carbon ribbon which, extending in a direction of a long axis of the enveloping tube, determines an irradiation length of the infrared lamp in the sense of a higher irradiation output. The carbon ribbon has a length which is larger than the irradiation length by a factor of at least 1.5. With a procedure for heating a material to be processed using the infrared lamp, which makes possible short processing times in connection with a simultaneous high degree of energy efficiency, the infrared lamp may be operated such that its maximum emission lies within a wavelength range from 1.8 &mgr;m to 2.9 &mgr;m, and such that its power output comes to at least 15 Watts per cm3 of the volume enclosed by the enveloping tube over the irradiation length.

Abstract: A safe electrical heat energy generator which comprises a heater unit equipped with a set of systematically organized heat radiating metal fins. A feature of the invention is its reenforced compact structure in which a heating element arrangement and the heat radiating metal fin arrangement are manufactured as a single heater unit structure. In such a structure, a heating element is surrounded with an insulating layer and enclosed inside a central heat conductive tubing of the framework for the metal fin arrangement, thereby defining the major components of the heater unit. In this manner, the entire heater unit structure is the source of radiant heat energy, not simply the heating element itself.

Abstract: In a heat storage air conditioning apparatus, a power demand time-sequence data collecting unit collects time-sequence data on demand for power; a power demand curve estimating unit estimates a power demand curve obtained as a result of analysis of the power demand time-sequence data collected by the power demand time-sequence data collecting unit; a thermal energy load demand estimating unit estimates thermal energy load demand from the power demand curve estimated by the power demand curve estimating unit; an operation unit of a thermal-energy source feeds cooling/heating energy; a heat accumulating unit stores the cooling/heating energy supplied from the operation unit therein; a cold/hot air discharging unit discharges the thermal energy stored in the heat accumulating unit; a cooling/heating energy quantity recognizing unit recognizes the quantity of cooling or heating energy dissipated from the cold/hot air discharging unit; and a converting unit converts the quantity of cooling/heating energy into the

Abstract: There is disclosed an electric heating unit having a housing with air circulation apertures, a heating element, and a passive heat storage member adjacent the heating element. The heat storage member is preferably a sealed chamber containing a heat storage material such as silica or oil. Heat transfer fins surround both the heating element and the heat storage member to facilitate heat transfer to the atmosphere. The heat transfer fins engage the heating element and the heat storage member with gripping collars which may be loosely fitted for installation, and a portion of the collars frictionally engaged with the respective element and storage member to secure the fins into an aligned position. The heat storage member continues to disburse heat to the surrounding atmosphere while the heating element is de-energized, thereby providing a uniform heating source to the room such that fewer energizing and de-energizing cycles of the heating element are required.

Abstract: Low-cost off-peak electric energy or electric energy from natural energy sources is used for heating of cooling of system air, which is moved in a closed circuit to heat or cool the energy storage medium of permeable concrete and sized gravel in the exterior walls of the structures. The heated or cooled system air is pressurized by a blower, and is moved horizontally outward through the energy storage medium, to store energy therein, as heat or cold. When stored heat or cold is required inside the structure, system air is moved horizontally, inward, through the energy storage medium, and is heated or cooled thereby, thus moving heat or cold to the material forming the interior surfaces of the exterior walls. Those surfaces then provide radiant heat transfer and convection heat transfer, with materials of the interiors of the structure, and with contents and occupants thereof. The energy storage walls are constructed of large energy storage blocks, lapped for added strength.

Abstract: A heat releasing chemical bag including a flexible water-tight bag, sodium acetate solution contained in the flexible bag, a triggering element mounted in the flexible bag and dipped in sodium acetate solution to activate sodium acetate solution, causing it to crystallize and to release heat during its crystallization, an electric heating element mounted in an electrically insulative container inside the poly bag and controlled to heat crystallized sodium acetate, causing it to be reduced to liquid state. Furthermore, a ceramic paste is contained in the electrically insulative container and completedly surrounds the electric heating element and activated to produce far-infrared rays when the electric heating element is to a source of electric power.

Abstract: A method of combining electric heating with a wood-heated masonry furnace is provided. The masonry furnace has an outer jacket (1) and at least one fire chest (5, 6) arranged therewithin for burning the wood. Cheek conduits (8) between the outer surface of the fire chest and the inner surface of the outer jacket, are provided. The conduits are connected to the fire chest (5, 6) at one end and to a flue (9) at the opposite end. At least one electric resistor element (13) is installed inside the furnace. In order that electrical heating could be easily combined with any existing masonry furnace, holes (14) are drilled in the fire cover (10) of the furnace and the at least one resistor element (13) is arranged to hang from the fire cover (10) in the air space (8, 16) inside the furnace.