Abstract: The present invention relates to a delivery system based on a film of an imine forming liquid crystalline phase, mixed with at least with one biologically active substance, to which a constant or variable electric field can be applied. The delivery system can be used as a delivery system for biologically active substances such as flavors, fragrances, bactericides, fungicides, insecticides, insect attractants or repellents, agrochemicals or pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A chemical sample gas tube that is capable of being rapidly heated and cooled allows rapid purging of condensed chemical vapor from its inside surface. The tube may include a thin foil with an electrically conducting surface, a rigidly separated pair of clamps to shape the thin foil into a cylinder shape, and a temperature-controlled source of electricity that can flow sequentially through the clamps and thin foil for heating. The temperature of the cylindrical thin foil may be increased at a rate of at least 25 degrees Celsius per second, and may be cooled at a rate of at least 10 degrees Celsius per second. A temperature control sequence may be provided that includes at least one temperature that performs at least one of: condensing the chemical vapor, transmitting the chemical vapor, desorbing the condensed chemical vapor, and decomposing the condensed chemical vapor.

Abstract: An apparatus for utilizing water such as, for example, an atomizer or vaporizer, having at least one container for water. Here, two ceramic electrodes that can be used to treat the water are arranged for the purpose of improving the water quality in the container.

Abstract: A nanoparticle generator includes a heating unit directly heating material for generating nanoparticles. Due to the structure of the heating unit directly heating the material, a space between the heating unit and the material is eliminated such that a volume of the nanoparticle generator is remarkably reduced and the nanoparticle generator is easily minimized.

Abstract: A method and system for delivering iodine gas is presented. The pure iodine gas flow can be at a controlled, known flow rate, and furthermore be held at a positive pressure in relation to a process chamber. In an exemplary embodiment, pure iodine gas is transported without the use of an inert carrier gas. This is facilitated in part by maintaining the iodine gas chamber at a higher pressure than the processing chamber. In one exemplary embodiment, an iodine vessel receives solid iodine supplied by an iodine fill source and is heated to produce pure iodine gas. In addition, a control system monitors and controls the operating conditions in the iodine vessel and maintains a positive pressure in the iodine vessel. The iodine delivery system may include a valve system configured to control the flow of iodine gas through the iodine delivery system and into a process chamber.

Abstract: A volatile liquid emitting device, comprising an electrical heating element and a reservoir of volatile liquid, liquid and heating element being disposed in a heating relationship to each other and the heating element receiving electricity from an integral USB connector, the volatilised liquid passing into the atmosphere through a membrane that is impermeable to the liquid but permeable to the vapour thereof. The device is simple, easy to produce and use, and the contents cannot spill or leak.

Abstract: An initial wetting auxiliary material is for applying to a vaporiser surface of an electrically heatable ceramic vaporiser body. The vaporiser body is used for operation in a physical vapour deposition (PVD) metallisation installation for vaporising aluminium. The vaporiser body contains nitrogen as a material component. The auxiliary material comprises a powder mixture which comprises (a) aluminium in powder form having a particle size which is at most 0.6 mm. The aluminium in powder form melts on the vaporiser surface after initiating the operation of the vaporiser body and reacted with the nitrogen of the vaporiser body to form an aluminium nitride layer on the vaporiser surface. The powder mixture further comprises (b) a wetting agent in powder form promoting an even and large-surface distribution of the molten aluminium on the vaporiser surface.

Abstract: A simulated smoke generator method and apparatus is provided for generating a consistent smoke plume. By using a closed loop controller to maintain at least one property, affecting one or more characteristics of the oil, at a desired level, a consistent type of simulated smoke is generated.

Abstract: A liquid material vaporizer comprises a gas-liquid mixing section (1) for mixing a liquid material (LM) and a carrier gas (CG) to generate a gas-liquid mixture (GL); a heating type vaporizing section (2) for vaporizing the gas-liquid mixture (GL) from the gas-liquid mixing section (1) and exhausting outside with an assistance of the carrier gas (CG) a gas generated by the vaporization; a connecting section (3) for making a connection between the gas-liquid mixing section (1) and the vaporizing section (2), the connecting section (3) having inside a flow path for the gas-liquid mixture (GL); and a connecting section cooling section (4) for cooling the connecting section (3). Thus, the liquid material vaporizer which performs suitable vaporization by preventing residue from being generated even in the case of vaporizing a liquid material composed of a plurality of materials having different boiling points.

Abstract: A fumigation apparatus (1) includes a sulfur evaporator (3) including a heat source (28) and a container (9). The heat source (28) includes an electrically operated heating coil (15). The container (9) includes a wall (11) and an inner space (13). The inner space (13) is designed and arranged to store sulfur (14) to be evaporated therein. The container (9) substantially is made of ceramic material. The heat source (28) and the container (9) are designed as one common structural unit. The heating coil (15) at least partly is arranged in the wall (11) of the container (9) such that it is embedded in the ceramic material.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for detecting the occurrence and extent of waterlogging in steam heating coils which consists of a series of two or more sensors disposed to measure temperature at strategic locations on the heating coils of a steam heat coil panel, a recording device which logs and stores the temperature measurement data at pre-defined incremental intervals over a significant length of the steam heating cycle, and a method for displaying and interpreting the data to accurately identify the existence and extent of waterlogging within the steam heating system. The temperature sensors preferably are attached to the outside wall of the steam heating coils and transmit data to an electronic recording device. In a preferred embodiment the data is displayed as a series of line graphs which can be analyzed by the use of described techniques to identify the occurrence and location of waterlogging within a steam heating coil.

Abstract: A device for emanating an active agent to the atmosphere comprising a first container holding a first liquid, a second container holding a second liquid, a collector, and an active agent, wherein an outlet from each container deposits the first liquid and the second liquid onto the collector whereby the liquids mix and react to generate heat and thereby volatilise the active agent

Abstract: An apparatus for generating an aerosol of a therapeutic agent and methods of using the same are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a heating element having a surface and a composition coating at least a portion of the heating element surface. The composition comprises a carrier and a therapeutic agent, wherein when the heating element surface is heated to at least the vaporization point of the carrier, the carrier vaporizes and releases the therapeutic agent from the composition as an aerosol. The heating element can be a coiled filament. The therapeutic agent can be a small molecule, a polynucleotide, a polypeptide, or a recombinant virus. The apparatus can be incorporated into a delivery device, such as a metered dose inhaler or an exposure chamber.

Abstract: A device for humidifying air with water vapor is provided, in which water is brought to boil by means of electrical current and evaporates. Minerals or dry residue contained in the water (4), in particular, lime, become separated, and fresh water containing minerals and dry residue is also refilled approximately according to the amount of evaporated water. The minerals or dry residue, in particular, lime, are removed from the container (2) that holds the water (4) to be evaporated immediately after its formation or during the evaporation. For this purpose, the water from the container (2) is circulated in a closed external circuit, for example, with a small pump (9). The circuit has a line (6), the filter (7), and a return line (8), as well as a mixing container (11), in which the fresh water enters via a line (12), so that it is led together with the cleaned water via a common line (13) back into the container (2).

Abstract: An effusion source comprises a vitreous C filament and a heater to increase the temperature of the filament to produce a C vapor. Also described is a deposition method comprising (a) depositing a layer of material on a substrate, and (b) during step (a), heating a body of material that includes vitreous carbon so that carbon from the body is vaporized and incorporated into the deposited layer.

Abstract: A method and a device to evaporate volatile substances such as aromatic substances and/or insecticides, in which the volatile substances are evaporated using electrical heating devices that heat a wick impregnated with the substance to be evaporated. The method and device permits the evaporation of the volatile substance efficiently by optimizing the use of heat energy generated by electrical heating devices. The device comprises a rotating pipe with at least one opening with a portion of wick inserted in this pipe and depending on the position of this pipe relative to the heating elements, the amount of heat flow transmitted to the wick is regulated as well as, consequently, the degree of evaporation of the volatile substance.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a device for releasing a controlled amount of a volatile substance into an environment while isolating the non-released amount of such a substance from the environment. The device includes a housing having an interior region, a volatile substance cartridge associated with the housing, wherein the cartridge can be replaced, or, alternatively, refilled with a desired fluid. A mechanism is provided for releasing a pre-determined amount of fluid from the housing, which is activated, as desired, by a user of the device.

Abstract: A humidification system and method particularly well adapted for use in commercial aircraft to provide substantially micro-organism free humidified air within a passenger cabin of the aircraft. The system employs a vessel for holding a quantity of water therein. The vessel is disposed within a microwave oven which is used to heat the water within the vessel to the boiling point such that steam is generated therefrom. This steam is directed into an airflow duct and used to humidify an airflow being supplied into a cabin area of the aircraft. The steam is substantially micro-organism free. A controller is used to cycle the filling and draining of the vessel to achieve a desired humidity level for the airflow. Optimally, a vacuum accumulator is employed to assist in rapid draining of the water from the vessel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for depositing a dielectric material at a rate of at least 3000 Angstroms per minute on a large area substrate that has a surface area of at least about 0.35 square meters is provided. In one embodiment, the dielectric material is silicon oxide. Also provided is a large area substrate having a layer of dielectric material deposited by a process yielding a deposition rate in excess of about 3000 Angstroms per minute and a processing chamber for fabricating the same.

Abstract: In order to provide a vapor deposition method for forming an organic thin film, which is advantageous in that a deposition rate can be easily controlled and deposition can be conducted with stable high controllability, there is prepared a crucible which is provided with an opening portion at an upper portion of the body, and a projection in a cone shape on an inner bottom surface of the crucible so as to be opposite to the opening portion. When the crucible is irradiated with an infrared light from the bottom side of the crucible, the light in one region among the infrared light transmits the bottom of the crucible and is then radiated to an organic material contained in the crucible. Therefore, the organic material is heated and vaporized at a desired temperature in the range of about 100 to 400° C. by controlling the irradiation dose of the infrared light.

Abstract: A method and heating device for heating a liquid, particularly useful for removing liquid condensate from cooling devices, by wetting a heating plate with the liquid and controlling the electrical power supply to maintain the heating plate at a the predetermined temperature above the boiling point of the liquid, such that when the heating plate is not wetted by the liquid, the electrical power supply to the heating plate is automatically maintained at a relatively low value, but as soon as the heating plate is wetted by the liquid, the electrical power supplied to the heating plate is automatically increased until the liquid is completely evaporated. The heating plate is heated by one or more PTC thermistors in which the electrical resistance increases with temperature to automatically maintain the predetermined temperature. Besides evaporating liquid condensate, the heating device is described for use in many other applications including steam generation, space heating and plastic molding.

Abstract: Disclosed are dual chambered bubbler designs for use with solid organometallic source material for chemical vapor phase deposition systems, and a method for transporting a carrier gas saturated with source material for delivery into such systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for vaporizing and cracking chemical elements for use in a deposition process. The apparatus includes a vaporization cell integrally connected with a thermal cracker cell. The vaporization cell has an inlet section in communication with a valve section defining a heating chamber capable of holding a liquid or solid chemical material to be vaporized. A heat source is positioned in the heating chamber and is capable of providing sufficient thermal energy to evaporate or sublimate the chemical material. The thermal cracker cell is communicatively connected to an outlet of the vaporization cell, and includes an elongated tapered tube with a heating element associated therewith. The heating element is capable of providing sufficient thermal energy to dissociate molecular clusters of vaporized chemical material. This provides monomeric or dimeric chemical elements for use in a deposition process such as during semiconductor device fabrication.

Abstract: A vaporizer system for vaporizing solid and/or liquid chemical source materials under uniform heating conditions within the vaporizer system, with reduced condensation of vaporized source materials and minimization of “cold spots” within the vaporizer, to provide a substantially continuous flow of vapor to a downstream implantation or deposition (e.g., MOCVD) system. The vaporizer includes a thermally conductive block having a multiplicity of elongated wells formed therein for holding a vapor source material. Within the thermally conductive block is an interior volume communicating with the elongated wells. The thermally conductive block is sealed to form a closed vessel and heat is applied thereto to evenly heat all the elongated wells simultaneously and vaporize the source material therein.

Abstract: A dual chambered bubbler vessel for use with solid organometallic source material for chemical vapor phase deposition systems, and a method for transporting a carrier gas saturated with source material for delivery into such systems. The bubbler vessel is designed so that carrier gas enters through an inlet in the top thereof into an inlet chamber and after it has been saturated with the organometallic vapors exits through a first porous frit located in the floor of the inlet chamber into an outlet chamber and is withdrawn from the bubbler after passing through a second porous frit element located at the outlet of the bubbler.

Abstract: A vaporizer that adjusts to the conductivity of the water used in the vaporizer, and that also adjusts to changes in the conductivity of the water while in operation, thereby decreasing warm-up time and maintaining a relatively constant boiling rate and rate of steam production. The vaporizer includes hardware circuitry or other logic that maintains constant power supplied to the electrodes of the vaporizer to decrease warm-up time, and adjusts the current supplied to the electrodes while the vaporizer is in operation and after the warm-up period to maintain a relatively constant boiling rate and rate of steam production.

Abstract: A liquid delivery system (10) for vaporization of a liquid pecursor to form precursor vapor for transport to a deposition zone (36).

Abstract: A vapor generating apparatus comprises: a convergent-divergent nozzle 50 having an inlet port 50a and an outlet port 50a for a gas for a vapor medium, the convergent-divergent nozzle 50 comprising a convergent nozzle portion 51a, which is formed so as to be tapered and narrowed from the inlet port 50a toward the outlet port 50b, and a divergent nozzle portion 51c, which is formed so as to be expanded from the convergent nozzle portion 51a toward the outlet port 50b; and a supply port 54 for a liquid to be evaporated, the supply port 54 being open to the divergent nozzle portion 51c of the convergent-divergent nozzle 50. Thus, it is possible to easily produce a gas using a smaller number of control factors, and it is possible to increase the amount of produced gas and decrease the vapor generating time.

Abstract: An electrically heated chemical delivery system which is connectable with an electrical receptacle includes a housing with at least one opening therein. A heat actuated chemical pouch is disposed within the housing adjacent to at least one of the openings. A printed circuit board is disposed within and carried by the housing. The board carries a plurality of electrical components thereon, including at least one heater and a light. The board has at least two electrical contacts connected with the electrical components and positioned on an edge thereof. A base is attached with the housing. At least two electrical conductors are carried by the base. Each electrical conductor includes a first terminal end extending from an exterior of the base and a second terminal end engaged with a respective one of the electrical contacts. The first terminal ends are connectable with the electrical receptacle.

Abstract: Apparatus (12, 12a) and a method for depositing a semiconductor material on a glass sheet substrate (G) utilizes a distributor (22) including a heated permeable member (24) through which a carrier gas and a semiconductor material are passed to provide a vapor that is deposited as a semiconductor layer on the conveyed glass sheet substrate. The permeable member (24) is tubular and has an electrical voltage applied along its length to provide the heating, and the carrier gas and the semiconductor as a powder are introduced into the tubular permeable member for flow outwardly therefrom as the vapor. A shroud (34) extending around the tubular permeable member (24) has an opening (36) through which the vapor flows for the semiconductor layer deposition.

Abstract: A cyclone evaporator includes an evaporator body with an evaporation chamber therein. The evaporation chamber preferably includes a thermally conductive sidewall having a generally cylindrical upper portion and a downwardly tapered lower portion. The evaporator body further includes a cover having a vapor outlet opening into the evaporation chamber and an outlet tube. The outlet tube circumscribes the vapor outlet and extends into a lower portion of the evaporation chamber. A liquid precursor passage and a carrier gas passage extend through the evaporator body and open into the evaporation chamber. In one embodiment, the carrier gas passage is positioned to direct carrier gas parallel to liquid precursor flow and intersect the liquid precursor at a liquid precursor passage outlet within the evaporation chamber. In another embodiment, the carrier gas passage is positioned to direct carrier gas across an outlet of liquid precursor passage.

Abstract: A humidor and method for high humidity, ambient temperature storage of items includes a water reservoir with a relatively large surface area which is gradually and uniformly heated in response to a humidity sensor. The temperature in the reservoir is raised at a rate of less than 1 degree Fahrenheit per 4 minutes to a maintained temperature of less than 5 degrees F. above ambient temperature until a desired humidity level is reached. The humidor enclosure includes convection heating elements which create a convection current between air inlets and outlets to draw fresh air into the humidor. A water level sensor in the water reservoir deactivates the reservoir heater and convection heating elements when the water level drops below a minimum level and simultaneously actives a water level low warning signal.

Abstract: Hair rollers are heated and moistened by being exposed to steam. The invention involves incorporating a scent creating substance such as perfume in the liquid which is heated to create the steam so that the steam incorporates a scent which is thereby applied to the rollers.

Abstract: Improved steam generating apparatus in the form of a thin, compact generally self-contained wall-mountable fixture. The fixture includes an upright front face section of porcelain or the like for being mounted in the wall of a shower or other enclosed steam room. The fixture further includes a frame that is fixed to the rear of the face section and supports a closed steam tank or boiler. A steam line delivers live steam from the boiler into the steam room. An improved steam head delivers the steam safely and with minimum noise. The fixture may also include a mirror and be mounted so that the mirror is face height of a standing user. The mirror is positioned adjacent to the boiler so that heat radiated from the boiler warms the mirror and inhibits it becoming fogged over by the steam in the room. The fixture also includes an electrical control system that is operable by the user from inside the steam room.

Abstract: Mineral salts formed during steam generation are preferentially deposited on one or more non-woven, porous mats made of fiber-forming synthetic resin.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controllably generating simulated smoke from a simulated smoke-generating fluid which has a vaporizing chamber with an inlet, an outlet, and walls extending therebetween so as to substantially enclose the chamber and define a chamber cross section which is substantially the same as an annular space between the walls. The chamber has a center line between an inlet wall and an outlet wall such that the center line is declined from the horizontal from the inlet wall to the outlet wall. A lower surface in the chamber is substantially co-extensive with a major portion of inside surfaces of lowermost portions of the walls and terminates at one end thereof near the inlet in a surface terminus of defined width. Smoke fluid is distributed along the terminus so that the smoke fluid is flowable by gravity downwardly across the surface as a thin film.

Abstract: A method of producing finely divided particles or powder, vapor or fine droplets comprises the steps of heating and melting the starting raw material in a vessel having opposed reflecting surfaces, and ejecting the melted raw material from the vessel as heated finely divided particles or powder, vapor or fine droplets, by introducing a carrier gas into the vessel.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the production of vapors of a liquid iron compound. The apparatus contains a vertical evaporator element which has an internal heating unit and an apparatus for introducing a regulated amount of the liquid iron compound onto the surface of the evaporator element. The evaporator element being enclosed in a gas tight housing into which a purge gas may be introduced to carry the resultant vapors out of the housing to a reactor chamber.Also disclosed is a method for evaporating a liquid iron compound comprising placing the liquid iron compound onto the surface of the heated evaporator element, thereby causing the iron compound to vaporize and then carrying the vaporized iron compound out of the evaporator with a purge gas.Further disclosed is a method for forming iron oxide using the evaporator.