Abstract: An apparatus for dissipating braking energy generated by the operation of a vehicle brake. The apparatus includes a heating element configured to receive electric current generated by operation of the vehicle brake, the heating element arranged in a chamber for containing liquid. The apparatus is configured such that liquid contained in the chamber is heated in response to operation of the vehicle brake.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are provided of combined heater and accumulator assemblies. In an exemplary embodiment, an assembly generally includes an enclosure including a first portion, a second portion, and a divider between the first and second portions. The assembly also includes an inlet through which coolant may enter an interior of the second portion, and an outlet through which the coolant may exit the interior of the second portion. The assembly further includes a heat source operable for supplying heat for heating the coolant within the interior of the second portion.

Abstract: The present invention includes: a laminated structure of an insulation substrate; a resistance pattern laminated on one side of the insulation substrate with a pure metal or an alloy which is a mixture of two or more metals at a predetermined ratio and having a resistance value which is set by a pattern having a length and a cross-sectional area; a first insulator layer coated on an upper surface of the resistance pattern by a predetermined method to protect and insulate the resistance pattern; a conductor layer in which a metal material is deposited on the upper surface of the first insulator layer by a predetermined method; and a thin film protective layer deposited on the upper surface of the conductor layer to provide insulation from the conductor layer, waterproofing, corrosion resistance, and chemical resistance.

Abstract: A solar mirror panel (10) has a first sheet-like stiffening member (12) having a reflective surface, a second sheet-like stiffening member (18), and a spacer member (16) of resin bonded wood composite located between the first and second members (12, 16).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for processing leaking carbon dioxide, which is provided to a transfer line composed of pipes connected from a carbon dioxide generation facility to a carbon dioxide reservoir to process the leakage of carbon dioxide, including: a box-shaped shield case provided to cover a connection part of the pipes constituting the transfer line to prevent carbon dioxide leaking from the connection part from diffusing; and a bypasser bypassing the carbon dioxide into the shield case to the outside of the shield and storing this carbon dioxide. The apparatus is advantageous in that the diffusion of the carbon dioxide leaking from the connection part of the transfer line is blocked by the shield case, and simultaneously is supplied to the collection tank and stored therein by the bypasser, thereby preventing the leaking carbon dioxide from diffusing.

Abstract: A water delivery system is provided, comprising at least one faucet device with a cold water faucet part and a hot water faucet part, a cold water line to the at least one faucet device, a tankless heater device for heating water, a hot water line having a first portion running from an outlet of the tankless heater device to the at least one faucet device and having a second portion running from the at least one faucet device to an inlet of the tankless heater device, and a circulatory pump arranged in the second portion of the hot water line, wherein the circulatory pump has a prefixed first performance level and a prefixed second performance level, wherein the first performance level causes a finite water flow in the hot water line which is below an operation threshold value of the tankless heater device.

Abstract: A heating cable for a heat tracing system. The heating cable includes a cover, at least one RFID device, and a heating element located inside the cover. The RFID device can be positioned on or inside the cover, or within the body of the heating cable. Each RFID device can provide a single function such as identification of the heating cable, location information of the heating cable, temperature sensing, moisture detection or a data logging/export function. Alternatively, a combined RFID device may be used that provides identification, location, temperature sensing, moisture detection, current detection and data logging/export functions in a single RFID device. Information transmitted by the RFID device can be processed to provide temperature sensing, leak detection, monitoring of operational parameters and conditions, and other functions. Operators of the heat tracing system can use the RFID device information to monitor the system status and take corrective action if needed.

Abstract: A rapid preparation method of high-quality hot water and a preparation device thereof include steps of: a) calculating a heating variable T according to T=Tcm?TR+x, wherein the TR and the x are predetermined constants, then determining a flow rate Lj according to a series of heating curves of a pipeline heater (4), wherein the Lj satisfies T?THj, the THj is a highest heating value when the flow rate is Lj; b) inputting water with the flow rate Lj into the pipeline heater (4), then obtaining the heating variable T according to a heating curve pair of the pipeline heater (4), wherein the heating curve pair is corresponding to the Lj, determining an adjacent heating power pair from heating curves of the pipeline heater (4), wherein the heating power pair is corresponding to one of time points in a slow nonlinear heating area K, then heating with one heating power of the heating power pair; and c) detecting a water temperature Tc in the step b) from a water outlet (GB) of the pipeline heater (4); calculating a te

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for delivering a heated fluid. The apparatus includes at least a preheat zone, an expansion zone, and an expanded zone comprising a plurality of trim heaters, at least one fluid flow-distribution sheet, and an outlet. The apparatus may be used for delivering the heated fluid onto a moving fluid-permeable substrate.

Abstract: A method includes delivering current in parallel to a first resistive heating element, a second resistive heating element and a third resistive heating element during a first operating mode of a hot melt dispensing system, and delivering current in parallel to the first resistive heating element, the second resistive heating element and third and fourth resistive heating elements during a second operating mode of a hot melt dispensing system where the third and fourth resistive heating elements are arranged in series.

Abstract: A water heating system is provided. The water heating system includes an inlet connectable to a supply of untreated water, supply and return lines connectable to a point-of-use water treatment system, and an output for dispensing a supply of treated and optionally heated water. An internal heating element is adapted to heat the treated water to one of a plurality of pre-selected temperature settings. Temperature control can be achieved by cycling the power applied to the heating element and/or controlling the flow rate of treated water through the heating element. The water heating system includes additional improvements in electrical compatibility, energy consumption, and remote failure detection.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for heating fluidic materials.

Abstract: A fluid warmer (10) for temperature control of a medical fluid (14) guided in a fluid tube (12) and a method for operation thereof have a sensor (38), which determines a leakage current (40) via a functional grounding conductor (FE). Two supply connection conductors (22a; 22b) for a resistance heating element (18) as well as the functional grounding conductor (FE) are each equipped with a switch (30a; 30b; 30c) which can be controlled by a control device (32). The switches (30a; 30b; 30c) can be put into their open switching state jointly within a defined time interval by means of a control device (32) on occurrence of a leakage current (40) that is greater than or equal to a defined maximum threshold current magnitude (ITon, IToff).

Abstract: A liquid heating method and apparatus including a heat device 7 having a flow passage member forming a tubular flow passage for passing a sulfuric acid solution, a heater arranged on an outside of at least one of opposing flow passage surfaces of the tubular flow passage, a liquid draining line 10, an atmosphere opening line 12, valves 11 and 13, a liquid draining mechanism for draining the sulfuric acid solution heated at least in a heat receiving area between the opposing liquid flow passage surfaces of the tubular flow passage, a flow meter 6 for measuring a flow rate of the sulfuric acid solution, and a control unit 14 responsive to the flow meter 6 for determining a defective liquid flow in the tubular flow passage and for draining the sulfuric acid solution using the liquid draining mechanism.

Abstract: A fluid heating system may be installed for residential and commercial use, and may deliver fluid at consistent high temperatures for cooking, sterilizing tools or utensils, hot beverages and the like, without a limit on the number of consecutive discharges of fluid. The fluid heating system is installed with a tankless fluid heating that includes an inlet port, an outlet port, a drain port, at least one heat source connected with the inlet port, and a valve manifold connected to the at least one heat source, the drain port, and the outlet port. A temperature sensor is downstream of the at least one heat source and connected to the valve manifold. The valve manifold is operated so that an entire volume of a fluid discharge from the fluid heating system is delivered at a user-specified temperature (including near boiling fluid) on demand, for every demand occurring over a short period of time.

Abstract: A water delivery system is provided, comprising at least one faucet device with a cold water faucet part and a hot water faucet part, a cold water line to the at least one faucet device, a tankless heater device for heating water, a hot water line having a first portion running from an outlet of the tankless heater device to the at least one faucet device and having a second portion running from the at least one faucet device to an inlet of the tankless heater device, and a circulatory pump arranged in the second portion of the hot water line, wherein the circulatory pump has a prefixed first performance level and a prefixed second performance level, wherein the first performance level causes a finite water flow in the hot water line which is below an operation threshold value of the tankless heater device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of heating a fluid (9) containing dipolar particles, such as molecules or clusters of molecules, whereby the fluid (9) is subjected to an electric field in a heat generator (1) causing its particles to be oriented according to their charge. Voltage pulses are applied to the particles, as a result of which their short-range order is destroyed, after which the short-range order can be re-combined during pulse pauses or externally to the heat generator (1), thereby releasing or generating thermal energy.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for heating a dialysis liquid includes a receiving section for receiving a heating bag through which dialysis liquid to be heated can flow, and a sensor system for determining or monitoring the deformation or the position of the heating bag in the receiving section of the heating apparatus or both. A dialysis liquid tube set, a set, a medical apparatus and a method are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing drinks by supplying hot water for a hot drinks dispenser by means of a liquid transport circuit (2) comprising a heating element (8) provided with a heating resistance, and a pump (14). According to the invention, once a control means (7) has been actuated by a user, a liquid is heated by feeding the heating resistance at a pre-defined average electrical power, the heating of the liquid is maintained, and as soon as the measured temperature is higher than a first pre-determined temperature threshold, the liquid is circulated in the heating element (8), at a constant nominal rate of between 0.5 and 1.5 cl/second, and the average electrical power of the heating resistance (12) is such that the ratio of said power expressed in Watts divided by the nominal rate in centiliters per second is higher than 2000.

Abstract: A water boiling device includes a heat tank unit received in a machine body, a high frequency induction heater, and a heat pipe unit. The heat tank unit includes first and second heating tanks in communication with each other. Outside water can flow into the first and second heating tanks. The high frequency induction heater includes a heat pipe induction coil and first and second induction coils. The heat pipe unit includes first and second heating pipes. An upper section of each heating pipe is received in one of the heating tanks, and a lower section of each heating pipe extends out of the heating tanks and is inserted into the heat pipe induction coil. The first and second heating tanks will heat up to heat the water in the first and second heating tanks when a high frequency current is passed through the heat pipe induction coil and first and second induction coils.

Abstract: A flow-through heating system (1) is described, comprising: a flow tube (11); a plurality of at least two heating elements (12A, 12B, 12C), each heating element being connected in series with a corresponding controllable switch (23 A, 23B, 23C); a control unit (30) having control outputs (33A, 33B, 33C) coupled to said controllable switches; the control unit (30) being designed to generate control signals (Sa, Sb, Sc) for opening and closing the controllable switches such that said heating system is operated at a required power (Pr) less than the power capacity (Ptot) of said heating system by operating precisely one of said heating elements at reduced power while the remaining heating elements are either operated at full power or at zero power.

Abstract: A device for deflecting acoustic waves for an object in a liquid environment includes a heating grid and a cooling grid. The heating grid is positioned about the object and increases the temperature in the liquid environment. The cooling grid is positioned about the object to cool the liquid environment outside the heating grid. Jointly, these grids establish a temperature gradient in the liquid environment that is capable of bending acoustic waves in the environment. The cooling grid and heating grid can be established through mechanical, electrical or chemical methods. Alternatively, the required temperature gradient can be established by a heating grid alone in a moving vehicle wherein the heating grid is continuously in contact with undisturbed water at the ambient temperature.

Abstract: A flexible pipe of multilayer structure which comprises the following layers, from the inside to the outside: an interior lining; an inner reinforcement layer; a layer of molded electrically conductive plastic; an outer reinforcement layer; and an exterior sheath. The electrically conductive plastic layer is in electrical contact with the two reinforcement layers, and the two reinforcement layers can be connected to a source of electrical current. It is thus possible to achieve efficient heating of the pipe, and it can therefore be used for conveying oil in cold regions.

Abstract: There is provided a warm water supply device for controlling the number of voltage pulses applied to heaters, including: a first heater configured to have a first pre-set capacity, provided at a water inlet, and heating water introduced through the water inlet; a second heater configured to have a second pre-set capacity greater than that of the first pre-set capacity, provided at a water outlet, and heating water introduced through the water outlet; and a controller calculating a first heater driving period and calculating a second heater driving period according to a water temperature introduced through the water inlet and a set heating water temperature discharged through the water outlet by using a zero crossing control scheme, and driving the first and second heaters by controlling the number of voltage pulses applied to the first and second heater according to the heater driving periods, respectively.

Abstract: A multiple-in-one heating unit is provided with a means to set a power capacity level from one of multiple choices at which a circuit board draws input power thereby establishing an output power level from the circuit board to generate a prescribed heat capacity. For example, for a 3-in-1 heating unit, the power capacity level is set by a 3-in-1 DIP Switch which can furnish one of three different signals (e.g., PA0, PA1, and PA2) to a control chip. The control chip will manage a relay group or another type component signaling for generating one of three different capacity outputs.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid heating apparatus capable of heating fluid such as peroxosulfuric acid solution to high temperature in a short time. The heating apparatus includes: a flow channel member forming a flow channel 4 allowing liquid to flow and having flow channel thickness of 10 mm or smaller, the flow channel member composed of material transmitting near-infrared rays; and a near-infrared heaters 7, 8 placed over the outside of at least one of opposite flow channel surfaces of the flow channel and heating the liquid in the flow channel. The liquid flowing through the flow channel is instantaneously and evenly heated using near-infrared rays. It is preferable that spacers 6 be further provided within the flow channel 4 in order to limit the volume of the flow channel.

Abstract: A spa heater includes a heater element having a single outer wall with indentations near each end for receiving clips for positioning the heater element. The indentations are preferably stamped or formed by some other method which does not weaken the outer wall and the heater element is retained by use of the clips in the indentations. Incorporation of the indentations and the clips allows use of a single thin outer wall thereby reducing cost. The heater element is held and sealed by a combination of O-rings, stepped washers, snap rings clips, and caps. An electrical connection may be made using ring type wire ends residing under the caps or by connecting to posts extending from the ends of the heater element. The heater element is preferably a spiral heater element and a titanium outer wall may be used to resist corrosion and increases heater element life.

Abstract: Provided is an air conditioner including: a heater control section (54) for carrying out duty control on a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater (55); and a current detecting section (53) for detecting a current value of the PTC heater (55). The PTC heater (55) starts to be driven at a predetermined duty ratio. When the current value detected by the current detecting section (53) takes a peak (P), a duty ratio increasing process of increasing the duty ratio of the PTC heater (55) by a predetermined amount is repeated until the duty ratio reaches to 100%.

Abstract: A tankless hot water heater includes a pipe, at least one heating element, sensors, an input means and a microprocessor. The pipe has an inlet and an outlet. The at least one heating element is configured to heat water flowing through the pipe. At least one sensor is configured to measure a temperature of water flowing through the pipe prior to heating by the at least one heating element. At least one sensor is configured to measure a flow rate of water flowing through the pipe. The input means is configured for entering a set point for a temperature of water heated by the at least one heating element. The microprocessor is configured to receive as input the temperature of water flowing through the pipe prior to heating, the flow rate of water flowing through the pipe, and the set point for a temperature of heated water, and the microprocessor is configured to provide as output a power setting to the one or more heating elements.

Abstract: A fluid heating apparatus has a fluid flow path from an inlet to an outlet, with multiple heating sections positioned along the flow path. Each heating section is at least one pair of electrodes between which an electric current is passed through the fluid to resistively heat the fluid during its passage along the flow path. At least one of the heating sections has a segmented electrode made up of a plurality of electrically separable segments. This allows an effective active area of the segmented electrode to be controlled by selectively activating the segments. A controller determines a required voltage and current to be delivered to the fluid by each heating section, and allows for input conductivity as well as variations in fluid conductivity with temperature. The controller activates selected segments of the segmented electrode to effect delivery of desired current and voltage by the segmented electrode to the fluid.

Abstract: A water heating system for use in a hot beverage dispensing machine. The water heating system comprises a water reservoir enabled to store a volume of water suitable for use in the hot beverage dispenser, a water pump enabled to receive water from the water reservoir and pump the water through the system, and a water heater enabled to receive water from the water pump, the water heater being configured to heat water passing therethrough. The water heating system also provides a water directing device enabled to receive water from the water heater, the water directing device being capable of selecting between a recirculation mode, and a dispensing mode. During the recirculation mode, the water heater is activated, and the water directing device directs water back to the water reservoir, so as to heat and maintain the water in the water reservoir at a predetermined set temperature intermediate that of room temperature and a predetermined brew temperature.

Abstract: A dialysis fluid heating system includes a dialysis fluid heater; a heating portion of a dialysis fluid carrying set, the heating portion configured to be placed in contact with a surface of the dialysis fluid heater to heat a dialysis fluid; a pneumatic source connected to the dialysis fluid heater; and a logic implementer configured to cause the pneumatic source to apply a negative pressure between the heating portion and the surface of the dialysis fluid heater.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing drinks by supplying hot water for a hot drinks dispenser by means of a liquid transport circuit (2) comprising a heating element (8) provided with a heating resistance, and a pump (14). According to the invention, once a control means (7) has been actuated by a user, a liquid is heated by feeding the heating resistance at a pre-defined average electrical power, the heating of the liquid is maintained, and as soon as the measured temperature is higher than a first pre-determined temperature threshold, the liquid is circulated in the heating element (8), at a constant nominal rate of between 0.5 and 1.5 cl/second, and the average electrical power of the heating resistance (12) is such that the ratio of said power expressed in Watts divided by the nominal rate in centilitres per second is higher than 2000.

Abstract: A new and improved hot melt adhesive hose assembly has a hot melt adhesive hose core, a pair of heater circuits wrapped around the external peripheral surface of the hose core, and a pair of temperature sensors also disposed in contact with the external peripheral surface of the hose core. A first one of the heater circuits is initially electrically connected to the hot melt adhesive hose assembly electrical circuitry, and in a similar manner, a first one of the temperature sensors is electrically connected to the hot melt adhesive hose assembly electrical circuitry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the supply of a gas or a gas mixture at a predetermined temperature to a processing station in a filling machine in which gas or gas mixture pressurised to above atmospheric is passed through an electrically heated heating unit (2, 3; 6, 7). This includes a sensor sensing the temperature of the gas whose output signal is fed back to a gas temperature regulator unit (not shown) which in its turn is coupled to the heating unit with a view to regulating the temperature of the gas flowing out from the heating unit (2, 3; 6, 7). The heating unit (7) is formed to an electrically conductive shell or a cavity (6) through which the gas or gas mixture is passed positively and regulated.

Abstract: A spa heater includes a heater element having a single outer wall with indentations near each end for receiving clips for positioning the heater element. The indentations are preferably stamped or formed by some other method which does not weaken the outer wall and the heater element is retained by use of the clips in the indentations. Incorporation of the indentations and the clips allows use of a single thin outer wall thereby reducing cost. The heater element is held and sealed by a combination of O-rings, stepped washers, snap rings clips, and caps. An electrical connection may be made using ring type wire ends residing under the caps or by connecting to posts extending from the ends of the heater element. The heater element is preferably a spiral heater element and a titanium outer wall may be used to resist corrosion and increases heater element life.

Abstract: A fluid line with a pipe provided with a sleeve of a woven or braided fabric, wherein the pipe, in turn, includes at least one conductor. In the finished state of the fluid line, the sleeve immediately surrounds the pipe and each conductor is loosely arranged in the sleeve. In accordance with another embodiment, the at least one conductor forms the sleeve.

Abstract: A flow-through heating system (1) is described, comprising: a flow tube (11); a plurality of at least two heating elements (12A, 12B, 12C), each heating element being connected in series with a corresponding controllable switch (23 A, 23B, 23C); a control unit (30) having control outputs (33A, 33B, 33C) coupled to said controllable switches; the control unit (30) being designed to generate control signals (Sa, Sb, Sc) for opening and closing the controllable switches such that said heating system is operated at a required power (Pr) less than the power capacity (Ptot) of said heating system by operating precisely one of said heating elements at reduced power while the remaining heating elements are either operated at full power or at zero power.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for providing a heated cleaning fluid to a vehicle surface. The apparatus has an inlet port for receiving an amount of fluid; an outlet port for dispensing an amount of heated fluid; a heating element that heats up fluid passing from the inlet to the outlet; and a control circuit for energizing at least a portion of the heating element with a voltage to heat the fluid passing from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: The invention is directed generally to a method and system for controlling the temperature of a fluid, i.e., warming or cooling a fluid, and more particularly, to a method and system for warming a fluid to be delivered to the body of a patient. In a preferred embodiment, a method and system for warming a fluid to be delivered into the body of a patient is provided and may include a controller and a fluid delivery-line.

Abstract: A heat trace assembly for heating a conduit is provided that comprises at least one preformed heat trace section adapted to be placed around at least a portion of the conduit and a connector secured to the heat trace section. The connector is adapted for coupling the heat trace section to an adjacent heat trace section, and the heat trace section and the connector have mating mechanical features to allow the heat trace section to be quickly connected to and disconnected from the conduit. Additionally, a heat trace junction is provided that preferably defines a cross configuration and comprises a plurality of arms extending from a central portion of the heat trace junction. The plurality of arms are deformable to conform to a junction within a conduit system. Thermal insulation jacket configurations are also provided in accordance with several embodiments of the present invention.

Abstract: A multi-function heat exchanger for use with a dispensing gun for dispensing hybrid plastisol hot melt material, the heat exchanger having an elongated tubular high temperature heater assembly having a front end hydraulically connected to an inlet port of a dispensing gun and a rear end connected to a heat dissipating assembly which in turn is connected to the outlet end of a supply hose for providing hybrid plastisol material which is liquid at room temperature and under sufficient hydraulic pressure to move the plastisol material through the heat dissipating assembly and the high temperature heater assembly into the dispensing gun when the gun is operated. The heater assembly has a heat source providing sufficient heat to turn the plastisol into a molten liquid as it passes into the dispensing gun. The heat dissipating assembly prevents heat from the high temperature heater assembly from migrating back into the plastisol supply hose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of heating a fluid (9) containing dipolar particles, such as molecules or clusters of molecules, whereby the fluid (9) is subjected to an electric field in a heat generator (1) causing its particles to be oriented according to their charge. Voltage pulses are applied to the particles, as a result of which their short-range order is destroyed, after which the short-range order can be re-combined during pulse pauses or externally to the heat generator (1), thereby releasing or generating thermal energy.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a main body defining a storage space therein and a door for opening and closing the storage space. The refrigerator comprises a water conduit for directing water supplied from an external water source to the main body of the refrigerator. An inlet valve distributes the water supplied from the water conduit into a hot water conduit and a separate cold water conduit. A cold water tank is mounted to one of the main body and the door for cooling the water supplied through the cold water conduit and then storing the cooled water therein. A hot water tube is mounted to one of the main body and the door for receiving the water supplied through the hot water conduit. The hot water tube includes a heater operably installed within the hot water tube and in direct contact with the water therein. The heater generates heat through the application of electric power thereto to heat the water within the hot water tube to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A fluid heater is configured by passing a cartridge heater H covered by a fluororesin, through a casing 1. The casing 1 has: a fluororesin-made case body 4 which incorporates the cartridge heater H; fluororesin-made lid bodies 5 which are attached to both ends of the case body involving sealing portions S, respectively; fluid supplying/discharging portions 31 which are formed in the lid bodies 5, and through which a fluid is introduced and discharged; and fluororesin-made union nuts 6 which are externally fitted to both ends of the case body 4 and screwed to the lid bodies 5. Sealing portions S formed between the case body 4 and the lid bodies 5 are closely contacted by fastening the union nuts 6 to the lid bodies 5. A lead-out portion 34 for the cartridge heater H is formed in at least one of the paired lid bodies 5.

Abstract: A tankless hot water heater includes a pipe, at least one heating element, sensors, an input means and a microprocessor. The pipe has an inlet and an outlet. The at least one heating element is configured to heat water flowing through the pipe. At least one sensor is configured to measure a temperature of water flowing through the pipe prior to heating by the at least one heating element. At least one sensor is configured to measure a flow rate of water flowing through the pipe. The input means is configured for entering a set point for a temperature of water heated by the at least one heating element. The microprocessor is configured to receive as input the temperature of water flowing through the pipe prior to heating, the flow rate of water flowing through the pipe, and the set point for a temperature of heated water, and the microprocessor is configured to provide as output a power setting to the one or more heating elements.

Abstract: A spa heater includes a heater element having a single outer wall with indentations near each end for receiving clips for positioning the heater element. The indentations are preferably stamped or formed by some other method which does not weaken the outer wall and the heater element is retained by use of the clips in the indentations. Incorporation of the indentations and the clips allows use of a single thin outer wall thereby reducing cost. The heater element is held and sealed by a combination of O-rings, stepped washers, snap rings clips, and caps. An electrical connection may be made using ring type wire ends residing under the caps or by connecting to posts extending from the ends of the heater element. The heater element is preferably a spiral heater element and a titanium outer wall may be used to resist corrosion and increases heater element life.

Abstract: A tankless water heater comprising a pipe, at least one coil around the pipe, at least one heating element located within the pipe and responsive to an electromagnetic field generated by the coil, and a controller to apply an alternating current (AC) signal to the at least one coil, the AC signal applied at a predetermined frequency and magnitude to cause the heating element to heat water flowing in the pipe to a predetermined temperature through induction heating.

Abstract: A dialysis fluid heating system includes a dialysis fluid heater; a heating portion of a dialysis fluid carrying set, the heating portion configured to be placed in contact with a surface of the dialysis fluid heater to heat a dialysis fluid; a pneumatic source connected to the dialysis fluid heater; and a logic implementer configured to cause the pneumatic source to apply a negative pressure between the heating portion and the surface of the dialysis fluid heater.

Abstract: A microfluidic system and method for employing it to control fluid temperatures of fluids residing within microchannels of a microfluidic device. The microfluidic device is provided with a top layer and a bottom layer and microchannels configured therebetween. Temperature of the fluid within the microchannels is controlled in various ways including the use of electrical resistive heating elements and by providing zones located in contact with the top and bottom layers of the microfluidic device for circulating heat transfer of fluid therein.