Abstract: A water heater insert device positioned within an electrical showerhead or as a standalone liquids heating device. The water heater insert optimizes heat transfer by channeling water through a channel of a spiral or zigzag form where a deployed heating element supplies thermal energy. The channel maximizes water contact while minimizing the space. A temperature limiter adds protection against scalding.

Abstract: An air conditioner and a control method thereof perform cooling through an outlet if room temperature or room humidity is high to reduce the room temperature or the room humidity, and closing the outlet to perform cooling at low velocity through an outlet hole if room temperature or room humidity reaches a predetermined value so that a user can little feel the wind velocity of cooling of the air conditioner, while maintaining indoor space at pleasant temperature or humidity. By performing cooling at low velocity through the outlet hole formed in the lower portion of the air conditioner, it is possible to cool the lower area of indoor space at pleasant temperature when a user is asleep.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The HVAC system includes a sensor that detects a temperature of a heater of a heating component and emits a signal indicative of the temperature. A flow management device controls a flow of electricity or fuel from a power source to the heating component. A controller receives the signal from the sensor and operates the flow management device to block the flow of electricity or fuel to the heating component when the signal is indicative of the temperature being above a set point.

Abstract: An inter-axial inline fluid heater is presented. The inter-axial inline fluid heater includes an outer retaining sheath defining a first area, and an interior flow tube disposed within the outer sheath and capable of having fluid flow therethrough. Further, the interaxial inline fluid heater includes a resistance wire disposed between the interior flow tube and the outer retaining sheath, the resistance wire capable of producing heat for heating a fluid passing through the interior flow tube when power is applied to the resistance wire. Also includes is a dielectric heat transfer material disposed between the interior flow tube and the outer retaining sheath and surrounding at least a portion of the resistance wire.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an instantaneous heater, comprising a heating assembly, wherein the heating assembly includes a heating element, a first shell, a first inlet tube, a first water outlet, a hot water cavity, a cold water cavity and a capillary tube, the hot water cavity is in the first shell, the heating element is in the hot water cavity, the hot water cavity communicates with the cold water cavity, the first inlet tube communicates with the cold water cavity, the first water outlet is on the top of the first shell and communicates with the hot water cavity, the capillary tube is in the cold water cavity, one end of the capillary tube communicates with the hot water cavity and the other end communicates with the outside of the first shell. The instantaneous heater boasts simple structure, low cost and effective prevention of vapor from rapidly erupting.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a water dispensing device including a water tank and at least one heating module. Each heating module includes a body and a heating plate, the body includes a groove, an input terminal located one end of the groove and connected the water tank, an output terminal located other end of the groove, and a plurality of ribs. The ribs formed on the bottom surface of the groove and the height is less than a depth of the groove, two arms of the ribs connect the sidewalls of the groove, and the density of the arrangement is decremented from the input terminal to the output terminal. The heating plate is covered the groove and doesn't contact the ribs, and the surface of the heating plate which is deviated from the groove has a plurality of heating units, be used to convert the power into the heat energy.

Abstract: A method for testing a leak detector by using a leak detection device having a test leak and which is provided with a cavity that can be filled with gas, including the following steps: a) filling the cavity with ambient air up to an interior pressure in the interior of cavity that corresponds to ambient atmospheric pressure, b) establishing an exterior pressure in the area surrounding the leak detection device that is lower than the interior pressure, c) measuring the leakage rate of the air flowing through the test leak from the interior to the exterior of the leak detection device, and d) establishing an atmosphere consisting of ambient air with ambient atmospheric pressure as exterior pressure in the area surrounding the leak detection device.

Abstract: A burner includes a tube, which includes a pre-mixing chamber that generates an air-fuel mixture containing fuel and a combustion chamber that burns the fuel. A first pipe supplies fuel, which is heated by an electric heater to the pre-mixing chamber. A second pipe includes a heat exchange unit that converts combustion heat of the fuel to vaporization heat of the fuel and supplies fuel heated by the heat exchange unit to the pre-mixing chamber. The second pipe is branched from the first pipe at a branched point, and the electric heater and the heat exchange unit are connected in parallel to the pre-mixing chamber.

Abstract: A water delivery system is provided, comprising at least one faucet device with a cold water faucet part and a hot water faucet part, a cold water line to the at least one faucet device, a tankless heater device for heating water, a hot water line having a first portion running from an outlet of the tankless heater device to the at least one faucet device and having a second portion running from the at least one faucet device to an inlet of the tankless heater device, and a circulatory pump arranged in the second portion of the hot water line, wherein the circulatory pump has a prefixed first performance level and a prefixed second performance level, wherein the first performance level causes a finite water flow in the hot water line which is below an operation threshold value of the tankless heater device.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for a nozzle of an injection machine includes a helical-spring shaped heating portion, a first sleeve, and a second sleeve. The first sleeve includes a first blocking portion and forms internal threads. The second sleeve includes a second blocking portion and forms external threads. The heating portion is received in the second sleeve. The internal threads are screwed into the external threads. The first blocking portion and the second blocking portion sandwich the heating portion.

Abstract: Die cast nozzle for use in a die casting hot chamber system for molten metal with at least melting channel (4) in a channel carrier (3) that can be connected to a melt distributor (21), wherein the melting channel (4) passes over into a heating zone (6) and a nozzle tip (8), to which a sprue area (10) is attached, in which a plug of solidified melting can be formed that interrupts the melting flow, wherein the heating zone (6) comprises a heating cartridge (2) and/or a heatable nozzle shaft (33?) and/or the nozzle tip (8) is comprised as heatable nozzle tip (8?) and comprises at least one heating cartridge (2), the heatable nozzle shaft (33), or the heatable nozzle tip (8?) as heating element with electric heating, which comprises high power density in at least one section and low thermal inertia, comprised in a way that a temperature change gradient of 20 to 250 K/s, preferably 150 K/s, can be achieved on the surface of the heating element.

Abstract: A refrigerant heating apparatus is provided. The refrigerant heating apparatus includes a refrigerant pipe in which a refrigerant flows and a heating unit that is provided on an outer surface of the refrigerant pipe. The heating unit includes a plurality of electrodes that are provided at an outer surface of the refrigerant pipe and are spaced from each other and a plurality of carbon nanotube heating elements that are electrically connected to the plurality of electrodes. The plurality of carbon nanotube heating elements are heated by an applied power, and are disposed to be spaced from each other.

Abstract: An exhaust apparatus includes a lower side exhaust duct and an upper side exhaust duct which are branched vertically, and in that the lower side exhaust duct is extended toward the lower side of the vehicle from an exhaust outlet portion of the air-cooled fuel cell stack, and the downstream end portion of the lower side exhaust duct is opened at a lower portion of the front compartment, while the upper side exhaust duct is extended toward the upper side of the vehicle from an upper portion of an outer wall of the lower side exhaust duct, the outer wall extending toward the lower side of the vehicle, and the downstream end portion of the upper side exhaust duct is opened between the rear end portion of the front hood and the front end portion of the front window.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for delivering a heated fluid. The apparatus includes at least a preheat zone, an expansion zone, and an expanded zone comprising a plurality of trim heaters, at least one fluid flow-distribution sheet, and an outlet. The apparatus may be used for delivering the heated fluid onto a moving fluid-permeable substrate.

Abstract: A water boiling device includes a heat tank unit received in a machine body, a high frequency induction heater, and a heat pipe unit. The heat tank unit includes first and second heating tanks in communication with each other. Outside water can flow into the first and second heating tanks. The high frequency induction heater includes a heat pipe induction coil and first and second induction coils. The heat pipe unit includes first and second heating pipes. An upper section of each heating pipe is received in one of the heating tanks, and a lower section of each heating pipe extends out of the heating tanks and is inserted into the heat pipe induction coil. The first and second heating tanks will heat up to heat the water in the first and second heating tanks when a high frequency current is passed through the heat pipe induction coil and first and second induction coils.

Abstract: An instrumented heater sleeve is provided that has a plurality of zones, a dielectric layer disposed over an outer surface of the sleeve, a resistive element layer disposed over the first dielectric layer, and a plurality of pairs of lead wires secured to a portion of the resistive element layer. Each pair of lead wires is connected to and corresponds with each of the zones and a protective layer is disposed over the dielectric layer. An amount of power is supplied to each of the zones and adjusted during a test run, or multiple test runs, to achieve a desired temperature profile along a heating target such as a hot runner nozzle. Methods of designing a hot runner nozzle heater using the instrumented heater sleeve are also provided.

Abstract: An electric shower water heater unit for connection to a water supply and a mains electricity supply comprises a housing having a shower water outlet to which a shower hose is connectable; an electric water heater housed in the housing and fluidly connectable to a water supply outlet of the water supply and electrically connectable to the mains electricity supply, the electric water heater supplying water to the shower water outlet of the housing; a user-operable controller (20) for controlling a temperature and a flow rate of water supplied to the shower water outlet of the housing, and a control circuit which is housed in the housing and which controls the electric water heater based on inputs received from the user-operable controller (20). The user-operable controller includes a touch-pressure sensitive element (40, 49) for pressing by a user and which is in communication with the control circuit.

Abstract: A wash system for window glasses and/or headlamps of a vehicle, with a fluid line through which a fluid is conducted from a fluid reservoir into a nozzle and with a heating cable which is laid in the fluid line is disclosed. The heating cable is laid so as to enter the nozzle or to pass through the nozzle and to heat not only the fluid line but also the nozzle. One obtains a wash system that can be manufactured at low cost and ensures freeze protection at reduced energy expense by the fact that the heating cable is laid in a meander pattern in the nozzle.

Abstract: A multi-function heat exchanger for use with a dispensing gun for dispensing hybrid plastisol hot melt material, the heat exchanger having an elongated tubular high temperature heater assembly having a front end hydraulically connected to an inlet port of a dispensing gun and a rear end connected to a heat dissipating assembly which in turn is connected to the outlet end of a supply hose for providing hybrid plastisol material which is liquid at room temperature and under sufficient hydraulic pressure to move the plastisol material through the heat dissipating assembly and the high temperature heater assembly into the dispensing gun when the gun is operated. The heater assembly has a heat source providing sufficient heat to turn the plastisol into a molten liquid as it passes into the dispensing gun. The heat dissipating assembly prevents heat from the high temperature heater assembly from migrating back into the plastisol supply hose.

Abstract: A hot runner nozzle heater system is provided with a layered heater in communication with a two-wire controller, wherein a resistive layer of the layered heater is both a heater element and a temperature sensor. The two-wire controller thus determines temperature of the layered heater using the resistance of the resistive layer and controls heater temperature through a power source.

Abstract: Liquid-heating device (11) for an electric household appliance, the device comprising a main body (1) and a complementary element (3) disposed opposite a face of the main body (1), a liquid circulation channel (4) existing between the complementary element (3) and main body (1), said channel having two ends forming an inlet (5) designed to be connected to a liquid reservoir and an outlet (6) designed for discharging the heated liquid, said complementary element (3) having a heating resistor (2) disposed in order to enable the heating of liquid travelling along the channel (4). Said channel (4) has a minimum cross-sectional liquid flow area (5 min) situated distant from said outlet (6) and within closer proximity to the outlet (6) of the channel than to the inlet (5) thereof.

Abstract: An instrumented heater sleeve is provided that has a plurality of zones, a dielectric layer disposed over an outer surface of the sleeve, a resistive element layer disposed over the first dielectric layer, and a plurality of pairs of lead wires secured to a portion of the resistive element layer. Each pair of lead wires is connected to and corresponds with each of the zones and a protective layer is disposed over the dielectric layer. An amount of power is supplied to each of the zones and adjusted during a test run, or multiple test runs, to achieve a desired temperature profile along a heating target such as a hot runner nozzle. Methods of designing a hot runner nozzle heater using the instrumented heater sleeve are also provided.

Abstract: A hot runner nozzle heater is provided that includes a sleeve defining a slot extending along a length of the sleeve. A first dielectric layer is disposed over an outer surface of the sleeve, and a resistive element layer is disposed over the first dielectric layer, wherein the resistive element layer defines a resistive circuit pattern that is preferably formed by a laser trimming process. A pair of terminal leads are secured to a portion of the resistive element layer thus defining a termination area, and the termination area is positioned proximate the slot and away from the proximal end and the distal end of the sleeve. A second dielectric layer is disposed over the resistive element layer but not over the termination area, a third dielectric layer is disposed over the termination area, and a protective layer disposed over the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer.

Abstract: A multi-function heat exchanger for use with a dispensing gun for dispensing hybrid plastisol hot melt material, the heat exchanger having an elongated tubular high temperature heater assembly having a front end hydraulically connected to an inlet port of a dispensing gun and a rear end connected to a heat dissipating assembly which in turn is connected to the outlet end of a supply hose for providing hybrid plastisol material which is liquid at room temperature and under sufficient hydraulic pressure to move the plastisol material through the heat dissipating assembly and the high temperature heater assembly into the dispensing gun when the gun is operated. The heater assembly has a heat source providing sufficient heat to turn the plastisol into a molten liquid as it passes into the dispensing gun. The heat dissipating assembly prevents heat from the high temperature heater assembly from migrating back into the plastisol supply hose.

Abstract: A portable fluid heating tool capable of heating a flow of water under mains pressure to about 107 degrees Celsius and has a connection to a water supply via a hose. Water flows through an electrical heater within the tool, then to a thermally controlled pressure regulating valve (80) and then to the outlet nozzle. This valve (80) has a moveable member such as a diaphragm (83) sealing off a pressure chamber (88). Movement of the diaphragm (83) causes a valve (85) to open or at least partly close. When closed the valve (85) impedes, or restricts the flow of water from an inlet (86) to an outlet (87) through the valve. On the other side of the diaphragm a small quantity of water is trapped within the pressure chamber (88), so that as the valve (80) heats up, pressure within the pressure chamber (88) rises as the water turns to water vapor and the air within the chamber also expands.

Abstract: The invention provides a fluid heater in which the efficiency of heat transfer to a fluid is improved, downsizing of the heater itself can be achieved, and the rise time until warm water heated to a necessary temperature is supplied is shortened, which results in reduction of the power consumption. The heater includes a flat ceramic substrate (1) and a beating element formed on one surface of or in the interior of the ceramic substrate (1). The ceramic substrate (1) is made of AlN, etc. or silicon nitride, whose thermal conductivity is 50 W/m·K or more. A zigzag water channel is formed by walls 6, etc., on the fluid-heating surface of the ceramic substrate (1). A plurality of fins 5 are fixed in the water channel. A heat insulating material 8 can be mounted so as to cover a surface excluding the fluid-heating surface of the ceramic substrate (1).

Abstract: A combination capable of providing all of the functions of a ground heater and a pressure washer in a more economical, convenient and effective manner by employing and engine, as pump, a generator, a burner, a boiler, a water tank, a float tank, a ground heater hose and reel, and a pressure washer hose and reel all mounted on a skid or trailer.

Abstract: A hose for carrying liquid, such as hot met adhesive, within a predetermined elevated temperature range. The hose includes a tube for carrying liquid therethrough. The tube is encased in a reinforcing layer with an outer surface. A heater wire, which has an inner core encased in a protective casing, is wound around the reinforcing layer such that the protective casing is in direct contact with the outer surface of the reinforcing layer. Preferably, the protective casing is made from polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE). A thermal insulation layer is disposed around the heater wire and the reinforcing layer to act as a barrier to heat loss from the hose.

Abstract: A heated fluid dispensing system including a heated dispenser and a docking element. The heated dispenser includes a housing with a docking interface, a channel heat exchanger disposed in the housing and an electrical heater associated with the channel heat exchanger. The channel heat exchanger has a channel in fluid communication with a valve on an aerosol can. The docking element includes a flange and a housing interface, the flange attachable to a cap ring on an aerosol can, the housing interface is both releasably attachable to and actuatable with the docking interface.

Abstract: A hose for carrying liquid, such as hot met adhesive, within a predetermined elevated temperature range. The hose includes a tube for carrying liquid therethrough. The tube is encased in a reinforcing layer with an outer surface. A heater wire, which has an inner core encased in a protective casing, is wound around the reinforcing layer such that the protective casing is in direct contact with the outer surface of the reinforcing layer. Preferably, the protective casing is made from polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE). A thermal insulation layer is disposed around the heater wire and the reinforcing layer to act as a barrier to heat loss from the hose.

Abstract: In a heating facility (6) for a motor vehicle component to be heated, a heating element (12) is held within a receptacle (11) by a sealing compound (13). The receptacle (11) is manufactured from aluminum and can be introduced into a correspondingly formed heating well of the component. As a result, the heating facility (6) can be mounted in a very simple way and used for heating highly diverse components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the continuous heating of a liquid, such as water, to a constant temperature, particularly for domestic applications and more specifically for preparing coffee. The device includes a reservoir of water at ambient temperature, a pump, a heating unit whose electrical power supply is controlled by a switch, and a user outlet for delivering liquid at the desired temperature. The device also includes a component for regulating the flow rate of cold water delivered by the pump to the heating unit controlled by the temperature of the liquid leaving the heating unit and a component for recirculating water leaving the heating unit to the reservoir or to the inlet side of the pump for as long as this water has not reached a the constant operating temperature. The recirculation unit is controlled by the temperature of the water leaving the heating unit. The control is achieved by the use of a rated valve on the heated liquid outlet.

Abstract: In a fluid swivel with at least an outer housing and an inner housing, the temperature of both inner and outer housings are measured. When the temperature of the inner housing is greater than the temperature of the outer housing, a heating element elevates the temperature of the outer housing.

Abstract: A hand held dispenser of hot water intended for weed control purposes has a handle containing a hose connection, a flow regulator, a heating tube, an exit tube, a nozzle and a power switch. The handle is connected to a tube which contains a main electric water heating element surrounded by a tube through which water can flow form the bottom of the wand towards the handle before being piped through an exit tube to the nozzle. A temperature sensor is positioned adjacent the handle to regulate the power supplied to the heating element.

Abstract: An electrically operated fluid dispenser for dispensing a pattern of viscous fluid onto a substrate during a run mode. The dispenser is turned off and does not dispense the viscous fluid during a standby mode of operation. The dispenser includes a dispenser body having an outlet and an armature disposed in the dispenser body for movement between an opened position allowing a fluid flow from the outlet and a closed position preventing the fluid flow from the outlet. A coil is mounted adjacent the armature and selectively generates an electromagnetic field for moving the armature between the opened and closed positions. A controller includes different apparatus and methods for using the coil as a heater as well as providing other heat transfer devices on the dispensing valve to maintain a constant temperature either, during only the run mode or, during both, the run and the standby modes.

Abstract: A hot water heater of a low profile, box-shaped design, with the height and width remaining generally constant, and the length being dependent on the volumetric capacity desired for the water heater. The water heater is configured for horizontal configuration or vertical mounting and includes a cold water inlet for allowing input of cold water into a lower compartment. A baffle plate divides the lower compartment from an upper compartment, and water from the cold water inlet flows through a baffle opening, or delivery outlet, into the upper compartment. While in the lower compartment, the water is subjected to heating by at least one heating element, which serves to pre-heat the water. As the water flows to the upper compartment, it is heated further by at least one additional heating element located in the upper compartment.

Abstract: A machine for circulating cooling water through manufacturing process equipment includes a combination pump and heat exchanger assembly. The machine has a cast metal pump case with two upwardly opening sockets receiving the lower ends of two tanks, one of them "the suction tank" communicating through the case with the pump impeller intake, and the other "the discharge tank" communicating with the impeller discharge. The tanks are constructed to function as heat exchangers, and they are readily and removably secured to the pump case by threaded fasteners and are sealed therein by compression seals. The discharge tank has electrical heating elements. The suction tank has a motor-operated modulator valve precisely fixed thereon, so as to enable discharging excessively warm water from the process to drain while cool make-up water from city water supply is admitted through the suction tank to the pump.

Abstract: A steam cleaning appliance comprising a head element hingedly connected at one end to a handle. Said head element comprise a housing provided with a base member, accomodating a boiler. Said boiler is provided with a dome portion communicating through a conduit with a manifold housed in a cavity formed in the outer side of the base member, said manifold being provided with a plurality of steam dispensing holes. A cloth is removably attached to the outer side of said base member by means of attachment means.

Abstract: A hot air torch for the welding of plastic featuring an air flow around and about the inner portions of tubular members which entrains unwanted internally generated heat prior to the welding tip to provide a torch body which is safe to the touch while at the same time providing suitably heated air at the welding tip. Excess accumulated heat is vented overboard in the vicinity of the welding tip.

Abstract: A fuel control and preheating module for use with an oil-burning furnace including a fuel line providing a passageway section through which oil is routed from a reservoir to the furnace for burning includes an electrically-powered positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating element mounted in heat transfer relationship with oil contained with the passageway section. During the operation of the PTC element, the PTC element heats the oil contained within the passageway section to a preselected temperature and maintains the oil contained within the passageway section at the preselected temperature. Also associated with the module is a movable diaphragm and shutoff plate which is responsive to the internal pressure changes in the air passageway of the furnace upon shutdown and start-up of the furnace to withdraw oil from and shut off delivery of oil to the nozzle upon furnace shutdown and to push oil toward the nozzle upon start-up of the furnace.

Abstract: A ground heating system is provided comprising an internal combustion engine which has a shaft output and an exhaust gas stream. An electric alternator/generator is driven by the shaft output of the engine. A working fluid is provided for transferring heat to the ground. A heat exchanger receives the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine and transfers waste heat from the exhaust gas to the working fluid. An electric heating element is provided for converting some of the electric output of the generator into heat and transferring this heat to the working fluid. A pump circulates the working fluid through a ground-engaging heat exchanger.

Abstract: A dew preventing mechanism prevents the formation of dew on the grilles of an air discharge port of a room air conditioner by activating a heater which heats the grilles in response to the sensing of certain dew-forming conditions. The air conditioner includes thermistors for sensing the temperatures of incoming room air and outgoing cooled air, respectively, and a hygrometer for sensing the humidity of incoming room air. Signals proportional to those temperatures and humidity are sent to a control device which calculates the dew point of the incoming room air and compares the humidity of the incoming air with a reference humidity. When the outgoing air temperature is less than the dew point, and/or the incoming air humidity exceeds the reference humidity, the heater is actuated.

Abstract: A humidifier reduces the noise generated by the dropping of water droplets and can also vent bacteria-destroyed mist. An auxiliary water tank is installed under a water supply tank for receiving the water supplied from the water supply tank. An ultrasonic humidifying vessel is connected to the auxiliary water tank. A heating-type humidifying apparatus is provided at the upper portion of the ultrasonic humidifying vessel. A heating coil is wound around a driving pulley of the heating-type humidifying apparatus. First and second idle pulleys are immersed in the water contained in the ultrasonic humidifying vessel. A humidifying endless belt trains around the driving, the first idle, and the second idle pulleys.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cup vendor delivery nozzle comprising a nozzle body of resin etc. having a substantially cylindrical shape, a PTC element for heating an inner surface of the nozzle body, and a metal body for transferring heat from the PTC element to the interior of the nozzle body.

Abstract: An electrically heated metal spray apparatus is provided with a supersonic nozzle. Molten metal is injected into a gas stream flowing through the nozzle under pressure. By varying the pressure of the injected metal, the droplet can be made in various selected sizes with each selected size having a high degree of size uniformity. A unique one piece graphite heater provides easily controlled uniformity of temperature in the nozzle and an attached tundish which holds the pressurized molten metal. A unique U-shaped gas heater provides extremely hot inlet gas temperatures to the nozzle. A particularly useful application of the spray apparatus is coating of threads of a fastener with a shape memory alloy. This permits a fastener to be easily inserted and removed but provides for a secure locking of the fastener in high temperature environments.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for causing fracture of a brittle material such as a glass. The invention employs at least two fluid streams directed against the surface of the material to be cut. One stream is a heated fluid such as air whereas a second flow of colder fluid such as ambient temperature air is also directed against the surface to be fractured at a displaced location. The combined effect of heating and rapid cooling causes thermal stress and fracture to occur in the material to be cut. The manner of applying the fluid according to this invention produces a highly controllable propagating fracture.

Abstract: A forced gas electric heater has a serpentine heating element disposed within a cylindrical glass tube. Infrared radiation emanating from the heating element enters the glass tube whereby part of the infrared radiation is directed within the wall of the glass tube to the edge of the glass tube. An infrared sensor is in line of sight with the edge of the glass tube. The infrared sensor senses the hot spot temperature of the heating element and, together with a controller, limits the maximum hot spot temperature of the heating element.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for heating thermoplastic packaging materials to allow the materials to be heat-sealed, formed, or reformed includes two nozzles which supply heated air to the packaging materials, a suction box which sucks the heated air away from the packaging materials after the air has heated the materials, and a recirculation duct which recirculates the heated air from the suction box back to an intake of the nozzles.

Abstract: An electric air or gas heater includes a plurality of equal diameter elongated linear serpentine resistive wire heating elements circularly arranged in parallel about a common axis and disposed within a cylindrical chamber having separable air or gas entrance and exit sections at its opposite ends. Each heating element is disposed in a close-fitting ceramic or quartz tube. The tubes are supported by discs at the opposite ends of the chamber which block air or gas flow outside the cross-sectional area of the tubes. Each heating element has a ceramic cylinder extending through the center thereof through which a wire for electrically connecting adjacent pairs of heating elements extends.

Abstract: A fluid heater utilizing a porous ceramic, for example silicon carbide, electrically conductive body as an electrically energized heating element to heat a fluid passing through the pores thereof is provided. A plurality of interconnected annular fluid flow passageways are positioned in the fluid heater so that fluid exiting therefrom surrounds the porous body, further improving the efficiency of the porous fluid heater body. An electrical disc rear contactor is positioned within one end of the cylindrical sleeve to peripherally engage the sleeve and axially electrically engage the body. An electrically conductive disc front contactor is positioned concentrically at an opposite end of the sleeve to peripherally engage the housing in electrical contact relationship and axially engage the body in electrical contact relationship.