Abstract: A spa heater includes a heater element having a single outer wall with indentations near each end for receiving clips for positioning the heater element. The indentations are preferably stamped or formed by some other method which does not weaken the outer wall and the heater element is retained by use of the clips in the indentations. Incorporation of the indentations and the clips allows use of a single thin outer wall thereby reducing cost. The heater element is held and sealed by a combination of O-rings, stepped washers, snap rings clips, and caps. An electrical connection may be made using ring type wire ends residing under the caps or by connecting to posts extending from the ends of the heater element. The heater element is preferably a spiral heater element and a titanium outer wall may be used to resist corrosion and increases heater element life.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus to quickly raise the temperature of an internal combustion engine and the temperature of the ambient air in a passenger compartment of a vehicle. The apparatus comprises a heating element that quickly realizes a temperature of approximately 300 degrees F. Heating system fluid flows across this heating element which raises the temperature of the heating system fluid. This now heated heating system fluid flows through heater core tubes which are connected to heater core fins, thus raising the ambient temperature air which is blown over the heater core fins and into the passenger compartment. The heated heating system fluid also flows over the engine thus helping to raise the operating temperature of the engine.

Abstract: A heater system is provided for a respiratory system having a PID feedback control in which the coefficients are adjusted, such as in a warm-up process, to correspond to a likely flow rate of gas through a chamber of heated water based on the difference between heat input and heat output in relation to a temperature set point without the need to directly monitor flow rate or humidity level. A steady-state adjustment of the coefficients based on the behavior of the measured temperature in relation to the set point is also disclosed.

Abstract: A hanging water heater includes a machine body installed inside with plural quartz heating tubes respectively composed of a quartz external tube having its opposite ends sealed, and a quartz internal tube positioned in the quartz external tube, installed therein with a remote-infrared-ray heating member and having one end connected with an electrode terminal. Each quartz external tube has its lower sidewall bored with water intakes and its upper wall bored with a vapor vent. The machine body is further provided with a water inlet and a water outlet communicating with a circulating tube. The circulating tube communicates with the vapor vent of the quartz external tube, having its wall bored with lots of through holes. The hanging water heater performs heat conduction by vapor, and light and heat radiation, impossible to produce water stains and able to economize energy.

Abstract: A multi-pass parallel tube heat exchanger is disclosed. The multi-pass parallel tubes heat exchanger provides a compact, light and inexpensive heat exchanger that may be oriented in any direction. These features and others make the disclosed exchanger ideal for use in a restricted area such as that available when providing localized cooling systems. This design is more efficient than the prior art and allows for a versatile operation with multiple circuiting options for the flow path and enhanced performance with multiple fluid and heat transfer operations.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device for the heating of a liquid in a beverage machine comprising at least one set of at least two resistors, wherein said resistors are electrically linked together so as to use one resistor of each set individually or in serial with one or more of the resistors of the same set, at least one individual resistor and at least one set of two resistors, wherein said resistors are electrically linked together so as to use the first resistor of a set individually or in serial with one or more of the following resistors of the same set, said resistors transferring the maximum of energy to the flow of liquid and allowing a finer control of the liquid temperature.

Abstract: A heating device for heating an air stream in a motor vehicle has at least one heating layer, preferably consisting of electrically heatable material, and at least one air-throughflow layer through which the air stream can pass. The air-throughflow layer has a structure by which the air stream can be converted into a turbulent or diffuse flow. For this purpose, the structure of the air-throughflow layer preferably has a multiplicity of spacer threads, webs and wires, or the like.

Abstract: A flow detection sensor has a manifold with an inlet on a bottom surface and an outlet on a side surface. A movable partial blockage rests near the bottom surface of the manifold and is movable upward in response to a flow of liquid from the inlet to the outlet. A sensor detects the position of the movable partial blockage within the manifold.

Abstract: A piping structure of a tube for heating or heat-retaining of fluid such as gas and liquid includes a conduit through which fluid is transported and a plurality of heater lines inserted into the conduit, in which the heater lines are connected in parallel. The piping structure is capable of transporting fluid over a long distance while heating the fluid or keeping the temperature of the heated fluid constant even when the total piping length is long.

Abstract: There is provided a tankless water heater for heating water passing therethrough. The tankless water heater includes a control module with a controller and a heating system, each of which are configured in a modular/separate arrangement. The heating system includes an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a modular heater interconnected therebetween. The modular heater comprises a plurality of heating units, each heating unit comprising a heating tube and a coupler, wherein each heating tube defines an interior region and each heating tube includes a helical structure whereby the helical structure imparts a swirling motion on water passing through the interior region of the tube. A heating element is also disposed within the interior region of the heating tube, and electric power applied to the heating element acts to heat the water passing through the tube.

Abstract: A heat trace system (10) is used for heating water to prevent freezing in a conduit (20) while servicing an aircraft positioned at a passenger loading bridge (52). An upstream fitting (26) is attached onto the conduit adjacent to a building structure and a downstream fitting (48) is attached onto the conduit adjacent to the cab of the passenger loading bridge. A coated retractable coiled wire disposed within the conduit and cold lead wires (46) enter through the upstream fitting and leave through the downstream fitting. A low voltage solid state power control box (56) is in communication with the cold lead attached to the coiled wire inside providing regulated electrical energy for heating the coiled wire thus preventing freezing the water within in the conduit.

Abstract: A heat storage medium has a solid heat storage area and a plurality of channels extending through the heat storage area between an inlet and an outlet. In one embodiment, there are electric heaters embedded in the heat storage area. A fluid flows through the channels to add or remove heat from the heat storage medium. A method of operating the heat storage medium is described.

Abstract: An arrangement for influencing the temperature of flowable media, especially of lubricants found in a lubricant system, has a line through which the medium flow. At least one element (11) is assigned to the line section (1, 5) for influencing the temperature, and can be activated by supplying energy. At least one element (11) is located within the line section (1, 5) in the flow path of the medium. The wall in the line section (1,5) has a connection means (9) for supplying energy to the element (11) located in the line section (1, 5).

Abstract: A member for an electrical heating apparatus, the member comprising coupling means for structurally and electrically coupling one or more elements to the member. The invention further provides a cooperating element and an apparatus including one or more of the members and/or one or more of the elements. An electrical heater is also provided, the heater having a plurality of points for connecting to an electrical power supply.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating device for diesel fuel comprising at least one PTC heating element (8), at least two contact sheets (7) each comprising a front face (10) by means of which they contact the PTC heating element (8) electrically, wherein the PTC heating element (8) is provided between the front faces (10) of the two contact sheets (7); a plastic housing (2) enclosing an interior space through which the diesel fuel to be heated can flow and in which the PTC heating element (8) and the contact sheets (7) are provided.

Abstract: A tankless water heater includes a sensitive flow sensor that has a magnetic sensor and a plunger with an imbedded magnet. The plunger is configured to lift in a direction of the magnetic sensor in response to the flow of water thereby changing the state of an output of the sensitive flow sensor. There are electric water heating elements situated within water heating chambers. The sensitive flow sensor and the water heating chambers are fluidly connected in series between a supply of water and at least one hot water spigot. In response to the flow of water, a change of the output of the sensitive flow sensor energizes the electric water heating elements, thereby heating the water.

Abstract: The invention provides a heat-transfer-medium heating apparatus using a PTC heater and a vehicular air-conditioning apparatus using such a heating apparatus, which have superior heat-conducting properties and ease of assembly, which can improve the heating capacity, and which can ensure sufficient electrical insulation. Included are a PTC heater having a stacked construction in which an electrode plate, an incompressible insulating layer, and a compressible heat-conducting layer are sequentially provided on each side of a PTC element so as to sandwich the PTC element; and heat-transfer-medium circulating boxes, respectively disposed in close contact with the two surfaces of the PTC heater and having circulating channels for the heat-transfer-medium formed therein. The heat transfer medium circulating inside the heat-transfer-medium circulating boxes is heated by radiant heat from the two surfaces of the PTC heater.

Abstract: PTC electrical heating devices are disclosed which are suitable to vaporize air treatment chemicals from an impregnated slab, such as insect repellents. In one form an electrical contact to a PTC heater element is provided with a bowl-shaped contact head to reduce the risk of edges of the contact cracking the heater element. In other forms peg and recess structures interact with apertures on a heat transfer plate to facilitate assembly of the parts of the structure.

Abstract: A vacuum heater assembly for heating fluids flowing within; the assembly comprises an inner member having a heating surface with an average cross-sectional area with an aspect ratio of at least 2. The inner member is disposed within an outer member and with a vacuum drawn in the space between the inner member and the outer member, the heat transfers toward the center of the inner member, heating the fluids flowing within.

Abstract: Electric heating device comprising an electric radiator (10) for heating the air passing through it, said radiator comprising a casing (12), at least one resistive element mounted in the casing and constituted by at least one zigzag metal strip (22) which is disposed so as to be directly exposed to the air passing through the casing, and a circuit (30) for controlling the electrical supply of the resistive element or elements connected to a power supply. The electric radiator (10) comprises a set of individual heating modules (20) disposed parallel to one another in the casing (12) and so as to be directly exposed to the air passing through the casing, each heating module (20) comprising a pleated or corrugated metal strip (22) and an electronic switch controlled by the control circuit (30) intended to selectively inhibit the electrical supply of the metal strip (22).

Abstract: This invention relates to an electric water heater comprising one or more heating resistors and the means for supplying and controlling electric power supplied to the resistors. The heaters of the present invention are capable of heating incoming water to a desired temperature in the time period required for the input water to flow from the heater water inlet to the heater water outlet, thus requiring no storage capacity. Further, high electrical power consumption, normally associated with on demand or instantaneous electric water heaters is reduced by powering only such of the heating elements as may be required to meet demand. In addition, the heaters of the present invention utilize innovative cartridge heating elements which drastically reduce maintenance time and expense by allowing for the removal and replacement of the spent or defective heating elements from the air side of the flange, as opposed to the wet side, thereby eliminating the need for draining or disassembling of the unit during servicing.

Abstract: A fluid heater apparatus and method of making same includes a low porosity material, thermally conductive mass. A heat source is disposed in the thermally conductive mass for imparting heat to the mass. Fluid in a flow path through the mass absorbs heat from the mass. The thermally conductive mass is molded, cast or extruded from a material which, with the selected forming process, provides a low porosity mass. The mass may be formed of ceramic, aluminum and poltruded carbon. The mass can be cast from a material which is introduced into the casting mold in a semi-solid temperature state.

Abstract: A water sprayer and heater assembly for windshield wiper is disclosed to include a controller; a water container connected between a water supply pipe and a water spray tube at the windshield wiper, a water pressure switch electrically connected to the controller and set in communication between the water supply pipe and the water inlet of the water container, and an electric heater mounted in the water container and electrically connected to the controller and controllable by the controller to heat water in the water container when a flow of water passes from the water supply pipe through the water pressure switch into the water container.

Abstract: It is not possible to store heat of a domestic hot water supply level at a high density. If thermal storage temperature is T, variation in enthalpy in a chemical reaction is ?H, variation in entropy is ?S, and variation in free energy is ?G, a thermal storage material satisfying a relationship of T?S??G is used under a condition of ?H>0 so as to promote a reaction for putting the thermal storage material in a thermal storage reaction portion in an energy storing state by having supplemental energy added by an electrode portion when putting the thermal storage material in the energy storing state by decomposing or separating it.

Abstract: A manifold for a liquid material dispenser has a unitary manifold body with process air and liquid material passages formed therethrough. Heaters for heating the process air and liquid material are both coupled directly to the manifold body and cooperate to simultaneously heat both the air and liquid material. The air and liquid material heaters may be arranged in either a generally vertical orientation, or a horizontal orientation with respect to the manifold body. In one embodiment, the process air heater includes a cylindrical member which is substantially exposed to the process air to optimize heat transfer from the cylindrical member to the process air.

Abstract: An improved water heater for use in spas, hot tubs, pools, hydrotherapy pools, bath tubs, and similar bodies of water used indoors, outdoors, or both indoors and outdoors are used for both therapeutic and recreational purposes. The water heater uses heating element technology know as thick film on substrate comprising resistive elements bonded to the outer dry surface of a substrate to heat the substrate which in turn heats the water flowing through the heating chamber. The heater is highly efficient due to the direct contact of the wet heating surface with the water and provides a smooth seamless inner heating surface by eliminating the need to pass electrical leads into the wet region of the heater. This virtually eliminates the risk of leaks in the water heater due to bulkhead fittings. The invention further eliminates the need for a heating element to be contained in the inner wet region of a spa heater, thereby reducing the risk of corrosion.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is the application of simple production methods for electrical resistance heating elements with a honeycomb body and use total capacity with regard to the specific electrical power per volume unit. Said aim is achieved for an electrical resistance heating element with a honeycomb body of resistance material with positive temperature coefficients for the resistance (PTC resistance), in which the channels, for throughflow of a medium for heating, comprise metallised walls and are electrically alternately contacted after the fashion of a chess-board on the front faces of the honeycomb body by means of a front face metallisation, whereby an insulation region (1) is alternately let into the metallisation (3) on the walls of the channels running from the front faces, whilst the front face metallisation (2) completely covers the front faces.

Abstract: A fuel filter housing and fuel heater combination for a fuel-water separator includes, as part of the fuel filter housing, a heater-receiving bore and a protrusion adjacent the heater-receiving bore. The fuel heater is constructed and arranged for inserting into the bore and includes a flange that is attached to the housing for securing the fuel heater in position. The fuel heater includes a notch that is constructed and arranged with a ramp portion. With the fuel heater properly seated, the protrusion inserts into the notch and is seated against the ramp portion. O-ring seal swelling may cause the fuel heater to be difficult to remove and the protrusion cooperates with the ramp portion by way of a camming action to facilitate removal of the fuel heater from the bore under such conditions.

Abstract: Electric heating apparatus and manufacturing method for an electric heating apparatus, wherein prefabricated constructional units are used. The prefabricated constructional units consist of PTC heating elements fastened to contact sheets by means of a lacquer. This simplifies production and enhances protection against corrosion.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating comprises a plurality of heat transfer plate members (34) arranged in parallel with each other at predetermined intervals; and connecting portions (35, 36) for integrally connecting the plurality of heat transfer plate members (34) to each other, wherein air passages (37) are formed between the plurality of heat transfer plate members (34), inner fluid passages (31) are formed in the heat transfer plate members (34), fluid, for heating air which passes in the air passages (37), flows in the inner fluid passages (31), and an electric heat generating film (40), for heating the air which passes in the air passages (37), is formed on surfaces of the plurality of heat transfer plate members (34).

Abstract: A fluid heat exchanger for use in a fluid heating system is disclosed that includes a rapidly heatable inside tube surrounded by a hollow outside tube for heating a fluid flowing between the inside tube and the outside tube for circulation through the fluid heating system. When the inside tube is rapidly heated, the circulated fluid is rapidly heated to a predetermined temperature for use in the fluid heating system.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the invention provides a system for heating a liquid, such as, for example, water, comprising a plurality of liquid heaters, the inlets and outlets of which are respectively connected in a parallel flow relationship by respective manifolds, and configured to provide liquid having a temperature of greater than about 90 degrees Fahrenheit at a flow rate of greater than about 10 gallons per minute. In various embodiments, the present invention provides an electric tankless liquid heater system capable of delivering hot liquids, and in particular water, at even higher flow rates and or temperatures, including, but not limited to, flow rates greater than about: (1) 12 gpm; (2) 18 gpm; (3) 20 gpm; and (5) 20 gpm; and/or temperatures of greater than about: (1) 100° F.; (2) 120° F.; (3) 140° F.; and (4) 180° F.

Abstract: A system for heating a flow path including at least a solid or vapor source vessel connected by a conduit to a valve. The system includes at least one tubular adapter of heat conductive material for receipt along at least a portion of the flow path. The adapter has inner dimensions substantially corresponding to outer dimensions of the portion of the flow path and an outer dimension which is substantially constant along a length of the adapter. The system also includes at least one tubular heater apparatus received over the adapter and having an inner dimension that is substantially constant along a length of the heater apparatus and substantial corresponds to the outer dimension of the adapter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device of inserting a coated electric heating wire (6) into a hot water tube (2) and to an apparatus for a sealing plug mounted at an end (1a) of said hot water tube (2). An end of a hot water tube (2), normally laid out in a zig-zag form under the floor of a room to be heated, is pipe-fitted to an outlet tube (3a) of a pump (3c) through a guide tube (2A). Said coated electric heating wire (6) is inserted through a guide hole (2h) with a 20˜30 degree slant to the guide tube (2A) and is connected to a ball-type guide member (5).

Abstract: A fluid heater apparatus and method of making same includes a low porosity material, thermally conductive mass. A heat source is disposed in the thermally conductive mass for imparting heat to the mass. Fluid in a flow path through the mass absorbs heat from the mass. The thermally conductive mass is molded, cast or extruded from a material which, with the selected forming process, provides a low porosity mass. The mass may be formed of ceramic, aluminum and poltruded carbon. The mass can be cast from a material which is introduced into the casting mold in a semi-solid temperature state.

Abstract: The tubular water device comprises an inner conduit, an outer conduit, substantially surrounding said inner conduit, an electro-resistive heating element, disposed adjacently to an outer surface of said inner conduit for transferring thermal energy to fluid contained in inner chamber and in outer chamber; a continuous metal sheath, substantially covering and sealing said electro-resistive heating element, forming monolithic tight heating tube. As heating material a crystalline metal foil is used. It is shown different applications.

Abstract: An electrical heater includes plural heating body plates arranged in parallel with each other to define an air passage between adjacent two thereof, a positive electrode member joined to one end side of each heating body plate, and a negative electrode member joined to the other end side of each heating body plate. In the electrical heater, the heating body plates are arranged to directly heat air passing through the air passage when electrical power is supplied to the heating body plates through the electrode members. Accordingly, the electrical heater can effectively heat air with a simple structure.

Abstract: A vehicle or stationary liquid, water or oil tank heater teaches that a hot fluid may be passed through a metal body placed in the water piping or in the vacuum piping, thereby melting any ice in the system and preventing further freezing. The system may be advantageously used with manifolds, valves, scrubbers, pipes or the water tank itself. The coolant flow path may be optimized for ease of production and/or efficient heat transfer. The invention may be used with an external source of hot liquid, or it may be used with a cuff which may slipped over any of a variety of devices in need of de-icing.

Abstract: A self-cleaning system for delivering sanitized water to a workstation has a boiler which produces heat-sanitized water and steam. A diverter valve permits a fluid delivery line of the system to convey either sanitized water or steam to a workstation. The steam serves to sanitize the delivery line and workstation and removes biofilms therefrom.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of medium temperature plasma production device with a novelty where the plasma is created and transferred convectively to a part.

Abstract: A power management system comprises a microprocessor and a current flow sensor in electrical communication therewith. The current flow sensor measures the amount of electrical current available to the building as well as the actual current flowing through the building. A load sensor is in electrical communication with the microprocessor and measures the load requirements of the appliance. One or more switches are electrical communication with the microprocessor and control the power flowing to the appliance. The microprocessor maintains a record of the information from the load sensor and the current sensor and further has a electrical maximum limit and a continuous load limit for the building. The microprocessor uses the one or more switches to average a continuous load over a preset period of time which is less than the continuous load limit for said building while never exceeding the electrical maximum limit for said building.

Abstract: A fuel filter housing and fuel heater combination for a fuel-water separator includes, as part of the fuel filter housing, a heater-receiving bore and a notch, opening into the heater-receiving bore. The notch is constructed and arranged with a ramp portion extending axially into the fuel filter housing. The fuel heater is constructed and arranged for inserting into the bore and includes a flange that is attached to the housing for securing the fuel heater in position. The fuel heater includes a protrusion that inserts into the notch and is seated against the ramp portion when the fuel heater is fully installed. O-ring seal swelling may cause the fuel heater to be locked into the bore and the protrusion cooperates with the ramp portion by way of a camming action to facilitate removal of the fuel heater from the bore under such conditions.

Abstract: A fluid heat transfer system including a motor and a tank located in adjacent compartments. The motor includes a rotatable shaft extending into the tank having an opposed end connected to an impeller for circulating a heated working fluid through the system. A hollow tube surrounding the rotatable shaft extends from the motor into the tank and forms a leak proof seal between the tube and the tank so that the fluid will not leak outside of the tank. The fluid circulates through numerous tubes positioned within the tank having respective inside surfaces which are each provided with a heating unit therein for collectively heating fluid as the fluid passes between each respective inside surface and heating unit. The tubes have dimples formed therein for more efficiently heating the fluid.

Abstract: A pump, particularly for washing machines, dishwashing machines or the like, having a housing and a heating device for the continuous heating of a liquid, particularly water, is proposed, in which the heating device is constructed as the circumferential wall of the housing and on one face of the heating device is arranged in sealing manner a base and on another face of the heating device is sealingly arranged a cover of the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for heat generation includes a vessel having a working chamber with a flow of working fluid passing therethrough. A source of pulsed light and a light-reflecting surface wettable by the working fluid are situated within the working chamber. A thermal energy is released into the working polar fluid by the pulsed light irradiation of the working fluid in the vicinity of the light-reflecting surface. The released thermal energy is continuously removed from the vessel by the flow of working fluid.

Abstract: A device (10) for isolating a surface for welding in an underwater location or in high fire risk areas. The device comprises a housing (27) which is arranged to be mounted on the surface and a sealing means (30) to provide a seal between the housing and the surface. The housing (27) is provided with a sealed inlet (50) for receiving a welding apparatus, a fluid inlet (32) for the passage of gas into the housing, and a fluid outlet (34) for the passage of gas and/or liquid out of the housing. A heating means FIG. 3 is not figure) for providing heated gas to the fluid inlet is also provided. In use, an ingress of heated gas through the fluid inlet (32) facilitates an egress of gas and/or liquid, contained in a space defined by the housing and the surface, through the fluid outlet (34) in the housing. In this way an in situ dry gaseous environment is provided for welding the surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric heating device especially for fluids such as liquid fuel (48), comprising a heat element with an electrical resistance (32). Said heat element can be connected to an electrical power source (44), and also comprises a carrier element (12) to which an electrically conductive heat layer (32) made out of a PTC material with positive temperature resistance co-efficients is applied. The heat layer (32) can, at least in two interspaced positions, be connected to the electrical power source (44).

Abstract: A heater comprising a substantially vertical heatpipe in contact or fluid communication with at least one additional heatpipe that is extendable in a substantially horizontal direction therefrom, at least one of the heatpipes being at least partially evacuated and having an internal cavity for receiving a working fluid and at least one of the heatpipes being adapted to receive heat from an internal or external heat source.

Abstract: A vehicle or stationary liquid, water or oil tank heater teaches that a hot fluid may be passed through a metal body placed in the water piping or in the vacuum piping, thereby melting any ice in the system and preventing further freezing. The system may be advantageously used with manifolds, valves, scrubbers, pipes or the water tank itself. The coolant flow path may be optimized for ease of production and/or efficient heat transfer. The invention may be used with an external source of hot liquid, or it may be used with a cuff which may slipped over any of a variety of devices in need of de-icing.

Abstract: A temperature maintenance heater assembly for maintaining the temperature of a heated fluid circulating through piping of a bath, including a pipe section, a base plate, a control assembly, a heater assembly cover, and a heating element. The heater element is mounted within the pipe section. The control device assembly is electrically connected to the heater element and to a source of power. The control assembly includes a flow switch operable to interrupt the supply of power to the heater element under certain operating conditions, such as when the fluid flow through the pipe section is less than a pre-selected threshold value. By interrupting the supply of power to the heating element under certain operating conditions, the temperature maintenance heater assembly provides operational safety measures to the user.