Abstract: The present invention relates to a water heating system (part number lacubucci HF Aerospace AS0012480) for beverage dispensing machines. The heater has a double system: a pre-chamber, preferably of the spirally wound type, for pre-heating the water along a predefined path, and a chamber which is always full of water heated with resistors making direct contact with the water (or in some cases with a protection jacket) for maximizing the efficiency.

Abstract: An electric heater for fuel of endothermal engines, in particular for fuel systems called “common rail” and the like, includes a heating part and a terminal adapted to be associated with one end of the hollow body of a fuel feeding duct; advantageously, the terminal is at least partly made of plastic material. A fuel feeding duct to which the heater is applied, as well as to a fuel warm-up device, are also provided.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an energy-saving silencer assembly, which includes: a silencer connected to a discharge side of a pump section, which pumps reaction by-product gas into a vacuum pump, so as to pass the pumped reaction by-product gas from a rear end portion to a front end portion; an outer pipe surrounding the outer peripheral surface of the silencer at an interval so as to provide a heating space between the silencer and the outer pipe; a nitrogen gas supply section for supplying nitrogen gas to the heating space; and a nitrogen gas injection section for injecting heated nitrogen gas to the inside of the silencer by the contact with the outer peripheral surface of the silencer in the heating space.

Abstract: A control system and method for a thermal circuit that includes a control unit (1) and a valvular device which regulate the passage of a heat transfer fluid (6) through the inside of a thermal circuit, and a thermoelectric element (3) powering the control unit (1) from the heat of the heat transfer fluid (6). The control unit (1) and/or the valvular device are configured to regulate the circulation of the heat transfer fluid (6) through the inside of the thermal circuit, in order to always maintain a sufficient minimum flow to assure, at all times, the electric power supply of the control unit (1). The method includes using a control system to carry out regulation of the circulation of the heat transfer fluid which assures the electric power supply of part or the entire control system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating device (10) for a vehicle, comprising:—a flow path (14, 16, 20, 22, 24) for a fluid heat transport means and—an electrical heating arrangement (25) for heating the heat transport means on a heating section of the flow path. According to the invention, the heating section has at least two channels (20) running in a serpentine pattern, through which the heat transport means can flow in parallel. The invention further relates to a method for operating a heating device (10).

Abstract: A heating system to heat a main heating circulation comprises an electric heater, a control head, a heat exchanger, a pump, and a plurality of tubes. The electric heater is adapted to heat a primary heating liquid by applying an electric current directly to the primary heating liquid. The control head is adapted to determine a temperature and a pressure of the primary heating liquid. The heat exchanger comprises a first liquid passage for the primary heating liquid and a second liquid passage for a secondary heating liquid in the main heating circulation. The second liquid passage is in thermal contact with the first liquid passage to heat the secondary heating liquid while cooling the primary heating liquid. The tubes connect the electric heater, the control bead, the heat exchanger and the pump to define a circulation for the primary heating liquid. The pump is adapted to pump the primary heating liquid such that heat is transferred from the heater via the heat exchanger into said the heating circulation.

Abstract: A heat sink is disclosed including a cold plate, a plurality of heat pipes, a plurality of fins, and a heating unit. The cold plate has a first surface adapted to thermally couple to a heat source. Each of the heat pipes has an evaporator section thermally coupled to the cold plate and a condenser section coupled to the evaporator section. The plurality of fins are thermally coupled to the condenser sections of the plurality of heat pipes. The heating unit is adapted to heat condenser sections of a subset of the plurality of heat pipes.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a towel drying radiator comprising two vertical uprights between which heating bars are fitted. Said radiator is equipped with an additional device for heating an air flow. Said device comprises a telescopic rail supporting a heating apparatus heating the air flow, said telescopic rail being provided with fixing means to the two vertical uprights of said radiator, said fixing means forming means for blanking off two apertures arranged through a respective wall of said vertical uprights.

Abstract: A highly-efficient, hot-water generating, car-mounted heater with an internal liquid flow path includes a heater unit and a case. The heater unit includes a PTC element, an electrode plates, an insulating sheet, a tube body, a seal, and a radiator. The radiator is provided on the radiation faces of the tube body. The radiator has a plurality of fins, and a plurality of flow paths that are partitioned by the plurality of fins and extend in a direction that intersects with the longitudinal direction of the tube body. The heater unit is housed in the case with one ends of the flow paths of the radiator made to oppose the flow inlet and the other ends of the flow paths made to oppose the flow outlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating device having a heating arrangement in a housing through which a fluid medium can flow in a longitudinal direction, wherein the at least one heating arrangement comprises at least two grid elements as heat exchanger plates with openings through which the medium flows, the grid planes of which are embodied for the exchange of heat energy between the plate and the fluid medium, at least one heating element, in particular a PTC element, arranged between the grid elements, wherein the at least one heating arrangement is arranged in the housing in such a way that the grid planes of the grid elements are arranged substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction, so that the flow of medium is oriented substantially perpendicularly to the grid planes, wherein the grid elements and the at least one heating element are arranged braced relative to one another by means of at least one tensioning element so that they touch, and wherein the grid elements each have at least one

Abstract: A heated beverage, such as hot chocolate milk is dispensed by providing a refrigerated insulated cabinet having a plurality of beverage storage bags therein for storing refrigerated chocolate milk. Compressed CO2 draws the milk through a pump and pushes it through a flat plate heat exchanger and out to a spigot. The CO2 regulates the flow rate of the milk being dispensed. A heat exchange fluid, e.g., glycol is heated by a heating element and circulated through the flat plate heat exchanger to heat the milk as it passes through the flat plate heat exchanger. A thermostat maintains the heat exchange fluid and heated beverage at a desired temperature.

Abstract: A cogeneration system of the present invention includes: a fuel cell (1) configured to generate electricity and heat; a hot water tank (2) configured to store hot water having recovered the heat generated by the fuel cell (1); a heat exchanger (7) configured to transfer the heat generated by the fuel cell (1) to the hot water; a hot water passage (8) that is a first heat medium passage configured such that the heat is transferred to the hot water by the heat exchanger (7) and the hot water flows into the hot water tank (2); a heat medium supplier (9) configured to cause the heat medium to flow through the first heat medium passage (8); a hot water supplying passage (11) through which the hot water stored in the hot water tank (2) is supplied to the heat load; an electric power consuming heater (12) configured to heat the hot water flowing through the hot water supplying passage (11) toward the heat load by consuming surplus electric power of the fuel cell (1) and commercial electric power; and a second heat m

Abstract: An energy accumulator system for accumulating heat from a heat source for subsequent supply to a heat demand, comprises an energy accumulator having a storage material in a heat-exchange relation with the heat source so as to store heat produced by the heat source. A controller is connected to the energy accumulator to obtain temperature data with respect to the storage material, and to the heat source so as to selectively actuate the heat source. An energy level calculator is associated with the controller to determine a storage capacity in the energy accumulator as a function of temperature data of the storage material. An operation identifier determines when to store energy in the energy accumulator as a function of the storage capacity and of condition data pertaining to the heat source. The controller actuates the energy accumulator and the heat source to store heat in the energy accumulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating assembly (1) comprising at least one PCT element, in particular for a motor vehicle, said PCT element (2) being located between two contact sheets (3, 4), which are used to make electrical contact. According to the invention, the heating assembly (1) comprises a frame (7) and at least one of the two contact sheets (3)comprises a staggered section outside the frame (7), said staggered section of the projecting part (10) of the contact sheet (3) running parallel with the remaining part (11) of said sheet (3).

Abstract: An active thermal energy storage system is disclosed which uses an energy storage material that is stable at atmospheric pressure and temperature and has a melting point higher than 32 degrees F. This energy storage material is held within a storage tank and used as an energy storage source, from which a heat transfer system (e.g., a heat pump) can draw to provide heating of residential or commercial buildings and associated hot water. The energy storage material may also accept waste heat from a conventional air conditioning loop, and may store such heat until needed. The system may be supplemented by a solar panel system that can be used to collect energy during daylight hours, storing the collected energy in the energy storage material. The stored energy may then be used during the evening hours to heat recirculation air for a building in which the system is installed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a PTC heating element with at least one PTC resistance element which is arranged between two electrically conductive plates in a housing opening of a housing and, with at least one of the electrically conductive plates as an intermediate layer, which is pressed with an initial tension against a heat-emitting element which is held at the housing. With the present invention, a PTC heating element of the type mentioned at the beginning that can be manufactured easily and economically is to be specified. To solve this problem, the present invention further develops the PTC heating element mentioned at the beginning in such a way that attachment tabs arranged on the edge of the housing opening protrude beyond the housing opening and in such a way that the heat-emitting element has tab cuts, behind which the tabs engage.

Abstract: The present application relates to a structural sandwich plate member comprising first and second outer metal plates and a core of plastics or polymer material bonded to the outer metal plates and arranged to transfer shear forces there between, wherein the member further comprises: a conduit for a temperature control medium, the conduit being embedded in the core and in thermal contact with at least one of the outer metal plates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating device having a heating arrangement in a housing through which a fluid medium can flow in a longitudinal direction, wherein the at least one heating arrangement comprises at least two grid elements as heat exchanger plates with openings through which the medium flows, the grid planes of which are embodied for the exchange of heat energy between the plate and the fluid medium, at least one heating element, in particular a PTC element, arranged between the grid elements, wherein the at least one heating arrangement is arranged in the housing in such a way that the grid planes of the grid elements are arranged substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction, so that the flow of medium is oriented substantially perpendicularly to the grid planes, wherein the grid elements and the at least one heating element are arranged braced relative to one another by means of at least one tensioning element so that they touch, and wherein the grid elements each have at least one

Abstract: An in-line heating device for a liquid food or beverage preparation machine in which liquid is circulated through the heating device and then guided into a brewing chamber. This heating device includes a thermoblock with a metal mass that incorporates an inlet, an outlet and a heating chamber extending therebetween to form a passage for guiding the liquid circulating through the mass, with the mass arranged to accumulate heat and to supply heat to the liquid; and one or more electric components that are rigidly secured onto or into the thermoblock and that are connected to a printed circuit board or a flex-print arranged to control the thermoblock. The electric components are rigidly connected to the printed circuit board or flex-print, in particular via rigid connector pins or blades or rigid plug and socket members.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a towel drying radiator comprising two vertical uprights between which heating bars are fitted. Said radiator is equipped with an additional device for heating an air flow. Said device comprises a telescopic rail supporting a heating apparatus heating the air flow, said telescopic rail being provided with fixing means to the two vertical uprights of said radiator, said fixing means forming means for blanking off two apertures arranged through a respective wall of said vertical uprights.

Abstract: A cogeneration system of the present invention includes: a fuel cell (1) configured to generate electricity and heat; a hot water tank (2) configured to store hot water having recovered the heat generated by the fuel cell (1); a heat exchanger (7) configured to transfer the heat generated by the fuel cell (1) to the hot water; a hot water passage (8) that is a first heat medium passage configured such that the heat is transferred to the hot water by the heat exchanger (7) and the hot water flows into the hot water tank (2); a heat medium supplier (9) configured to cause the heat medium to flow through the first heat medium passage (8); a hot water supplying passage (11) through which the hot water stored in the hot water tank (2) is supplied to the heat load; an electric power consuming heater (12) configured to heat the hot water flowing through the hot water supplying passage (11) toward the heat load by consuming surplus electric power of the fuel cell (1) and commercial electric power; and a second heat m

Abstract: The heating plate (1) has cavities (2), in which electrically heatable heating bodies (3) are disposed. A heat exchange medium circulated by a pump (4) transmits the heat emitted by the heating bodies (3). The heating plate is designed to obtain a uniform temperature distribution using as low a volume of heat exchange medium as possible. To this end, the cavities (2) are elongate and the heating bodies (3) are bar-shaped.

Abstract: The invention is directed generally to a method and system for controlling the temperature of a fluid, i.e., warming or cooling a fluid, and more particularly, to a method and system for warming a fluid to be delivered to the body of a patient. In a preferred embodiment, a method and system for warming a fluid to be delivered into the body of a patient is provided and may include a controller and a fluid delivery-line.

Abstract: Apparatus for evaporating calciferous water by means of electrical heating includes an injection nozzle connected to a spray hose arranged in the upper third of an evaporator immediately above a thermostat that is disposed on the bottom side of the evaporator, the distance between the injection nozzle and the thermostat being less than 15 mm, the steam hose being connected to the evaporator via a steam connector, the steam connector having an inside diameter of at least 5 mm, and the evaporator at an angle of inclination of 5° to 10°.

Abstract: A method of drying clothes in a clothes dryer comprising a clothes chamber for receiving clothes, an air supply system for directing air through the clothes chamber, and a heater for heating the air supplied by the air supply system. The method comprises cycling the heater between an ON state by energizing the heater until a heater trip condition is met and an OFF state by deenergizing the heater until a heater reset condition is met, determining a heater off time by determining the time between the heater trip condition and the heater reset condition, and determining a drying time based on the heater off time.

Abstract: An instantaneous water heater includes a heating tube, a heating device over a lower end of the heating tube, a spiral pipe held in the heating tube, water inlet and outlet pipes connected to two ends of the spiral pipe, a water-discharge switch installed on the other end of the water outlet pipe; the heating tube is made of metal, and emptied of air, and it contains heat media, which will vaporize into gas rapidly when heated by means of the heating device; the heating device isn't powered usually, yet it will be activated to heat the heat media in the heating tube, which in turn transform into gas to heat water in the spiral pipe, as soon as the water-discharge switch is turned on to discharge hot water through the water outlet pipe.

Abstract: An active thermal energy storage system is disclosed which uses an energy storage material that is stable at atmospheric pressure and temperature and has a melting point higher than 32 degrees F. This energy storage material is held within a storage tank and used as an energy storage source, from which a heat transfer system (e.g., a heat pump) can draw to provide heating of residential or commercial buildings and associated hot water. The energy storage material may also accept waste heat from a conventional air conditioning loop, and may store such heat until needed. The system may be supplemented by a solar panel system that can be used to collect energy during daylight hours, storing the collected energy in the energy storage material. The stored energy may then be used during the evening hours to heat recirculation air for a building in which the system is installed.

Abstract: An active thermal energy storage system is disclosed which uses an energy storage material that is stable at atmospheric pressure and temperature and has a melting point higher than 32 degrees F. This energy storage material is held within a storage tank and used as an energy storage source, from which a heat transfer system (e.g., a heat pump) can draw to provide heating of residential or commercial buildings and associated hot water. The energy storage material may also accept waste heat from a conventional air conditioning loop, and may store such heat until needed. The system may be supplemented by a solar panel system that can be used to collect energy during daylight hours, storing the collected energy in the energy storage material. The stored energy may then be used during the evening hours to heat recirculation air for a building in which the system is installed.

Abstract: A system and a method of operating that system are used to quickly adjust the temperature of an electric stove-heating element, such as those used with a flat-top cooking surface. A heat transfer or moderating fluid is pumped into a cooking unit containing an electric heating element. The moderating fluid is heated or cooled to an appropriate temperature, and inserted into the cooking unit under the control of a microprocessor to more quickly modify the temperature of the cooking unit. The system allows rapid temperature changes in normally sluggish electric heating elements. Also, accurate temperature adjustment is permitted through the use of microprocessor control.

Abstract: The central position of each heating body 1 in the fluid flow direction is referred to as a heating body central position, the central position of a heat radiating section 33a located between the neighboring heating bodies 1 in the fluid flow direction is referred to as a heat radiating section central position, the end of a heat radiating section 33b connected to a pump 6 on the opposite side of a heat absorbing section is referred to as a heat radiating section front, the distances along the fluid flow from the heating body central position to the heat radiating section central position are referred to as heat transport distances and the distances from the heating body central position to the heat radiating section front are referred to as heat transport distances. S>=the maximum heat transport distance Lmax holds. Lmax is the longest of the heat transport distances.

Abstract: A system and a method of operating that system are used to quickly adjust the temperature of an electric stove heating element. A heat transfer or moderating fluid is pumped through a hollow portion of an electric stove heating element. The moderating fluid is heated or cooled to an appropriate temperature, and inserted under the control of a microprocessor to more quickly modify the temperature of the stove heating element. The system allows rapid temperature changes in normally sluggish electric stove heating elements. Also, accurate temperature adjustment is permitted by the microprocessor controlled.

Abstract: Heat exchanger transfers heat from a fluid transfer device to the environment, to another object, or to another heat transfer device, and includes one or more insulating segments disposed along the fluid path. The insulated segments thermally interrupt adjacent sections of the fluid transfer device for preventing heat transfer along the length of the fluid transfer device; rather, heat is transferred outwardly away from each thermally interrupted or isolated section of the fluid transfer device. In the case where the thermally isolated section fluid transfer pipe is used for waste heat recovery, a further fluid transfer device may be provided adjacent the fluid transfer device. Each fluid transfer device may have respective thermally isolated sections for maximizing the temperature gradient and, hence, the heat transfer between adjacent fluid transfer devices, and devices for enhancing such maximization.

Abstract: A vehicle or stationary liquid, water or oil tank heater teaches that a hot fluid may be passed through a metal body placed in the water piping or in the vacuum piping, thereby melting any ice in the system and preventing further freezing. The system may be advantageously used with manifolds, valves, scrubbers, pipes or the water tank itself. The coolant flow path may be optimized for ease of production and/or efficient heat transfer. The invention may be used with an external source of hot liquid, or it may be used with a cuff which may slipped over any of a variety of devices in need of de-icing.

Abstract: Heat exchanger particularly suited for transferring heat from a fluid transfer device to the environment, to another object, or to another heat transfer device, includes one or more insulating segments disposed along the fluid path. The insulated segments thermally interrupt adjacent sections of the fluid transfer device for preventing heat transfer along the length of the fluid transfer device; rather, heat is transferred outwardly away from each thermally interrupted or isolated section of the fluid transfer device. In the case where the thermally isolated section fluid transfer pipe is used for waste heat recovery, a further fluid transfer device may be provided adjacent the fluid transfer device. Each fluid transfer device may have respective thermally isolated sections for maximizing the temperature gradient and, hence, the heat transfer between adjacent fluid transfer devices.

Abstract: A vehicle or stationary liquid, water or oil tank heater teaches that a hot fluid may be passed through a metal body placed in the water piping or in the vacuum piping, thereby melting any ice in the system and preventing further freezing. The system may be advantageously used with manifolds, valves, scrubbers, pipes or the water tank itself. The coolant flow path may be optimized for ease of production and/or efficient heat transfer. The invention may be used with an external source of hot liquid, or it may be used with a cuff which may slipped over any of a variety of devices in need of de-icing.

Abstract: An integral heating and cooling unit is disclosed. The integral heating and cooling unit controls the temperature of a working fluid by heating or cooling the fluid either independently or in tandem. The integral heating and cooling unit includes a casing or outer housing, which defines a plenum. A heat exchanger pipe is attached to the outer housing and passes through the plenum. A plurality of heating elements connects to the outer housing and extends into the plenum. The heating elements heat the working fluid when they are powered and the working fluid passes through the plenum. The heat exchanger pipe extracts heat from the working fluid when a cooling fluid passes through the pipe and in heat transfer relation with the working fluid.

Abstract: A supplemental heating system for heating a first fluid such as potable water. The supplemental heating system is configured for use in a recreational vehicle having a primary heating system that also heats the first fluid. The supplemental heating system includes a heating element that heats a second fluid and a heat exchanging component removably fitted into the recreational vehicle and having a first fluid conduit for permitting the first fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanging component, and a second fluid conduit for permitting the second fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanging component. Heat from the second fluid is transferred to the first fluid within the heat exchanging component and thereby provides a heating operation of the first fluid independent of the heating system of the recreational vehicle.

Abstract: A pressureless electric water heater for domestic use having a cylindrical double-walled tank for holding a quantity of a heat transfer liquid such as water. Cold water enters a copper coil immersed in the heat transfer liquid. The heat transfer liquid is heated by an electric heating element that extends down a double-walled top. The inner walls and the outer walls of the tank and the upper and lower walls of the top may be spaced apart using any convenient spacing distance, in order to accommodate an amount of thermal insulation, such as fiberglass, foam, cellulose or cardboard, preferably includes open air spaces between the linings of insulation or between a lining of insulation and a wall or surface.

Abstract: A container (2) adapted to avoid peak temperatures of water delivered from a heat exchanger (1) is provided with interior reinforcing means (9-11, FIG. 1; 13-13′″, FIGS. 5-18) connecting opposite parts of the wall (2′) of the container (2). Even with a thin container wall this makes it possible to use a box shaped container design without risk of deformations due to variations in the water pressure. The reinforcing means may consist of stacked interconnected plates (13-13′″)—e.g. having the same form and size as plates (12-12″) used in a plate heat exchanger connected to the container (2).

Abstract: A pressureless electric water heater for domestic use having a cylindrical double-walled tank for holding a quantity of a heat transfer liquid such as water. Cold water enters a copper coil immersed in the heat transfer liquid. The heat transfer liquid is heated by an electric heating element that extends down a double-walled top. The inner walls and the outer walls of the tank and the upper and lower walls of the top may be spaced apart using any convenient spacing distance, in order to accommodate an amount of thermal insulation, such as fiberglass, foam, cellulose or cardboard, preferably includes open air spaces between the linings of insulation or between a lining of insulation and a wall or surface.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system for delivering a process fluid to a vacuum processing system includes a secondary containment line surrounding a process fluid line. A purge gas flows through the secondary containment line and around the process fluid line in order to flow away any leaked process fluid. Alternatively, a heated fluid flows through the secondary containment line forming a heat trace around the process fluid line to heat the process fluid line and the process fluid by means of convection, which provides for precise uniformity of temperature throughout the length of the secondary containment line. The heated fluid loses heat to the ambient environment creating a temperature gradient through which the process fluid flows. The secondary containment line may have a heating element along its length for adding heat to the heated fluid to change the temperature gradient.

Abstract: An integral heating and cooling unit is disclosed. The integral heating and cooling unit controls the temperature of a working fluid by heating or cooling the fluid either independently or in tandem. The integral heating and cooling unit includes a casing or outer housing, which defines a plenum. A heat exchanger pipe is attached to the outer housing and passes through the plenum. A plurality of heating elements connects to the outer housing and extends into the plenum. The heating elements heat the working fluid when they are powered and the working fluid passes through the plenum. The heat exchanger pipe extracts heat from the working fluid when a cooling fluid passes through the pipe and in heat transfer relation with the working fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating system for heating the interior of a motor vehicle, there being a combustion heater (10) for burning fuel in order to heat the air supplied to the vehicle interior and/or liquid in the vehicle in the cooling circuit of the engine. An electrical heating device (20) is integrated into the combustion heater (10) in order to supply heat to the air or liquid to be heated.

Abstract: A supplemental heating system for heating a first fluid such as potable water. The supplemental heating system is configured for use in a recreational vehicle having a primary heating system that also heats the first fluid. The supplemental heating system includes a heating element that heats a second fluid and a heat exchanging component removably fitted into the recreational vehicle and having a first fluid conduit for permitting the first fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanging component, and a second fluid conduit for permitting the second fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanging component. Heat from the second fluid is transferred to the first fluid within the heat exchanging component and thereby provides a heating operation of the first fluid independent of the heating system of the recreational vehicle.

Abstract: A supplemental heating system for heating a first fluid such as potable water. The supplemental heating system is configured for use in a recreational vehicle having a primary heating system that also heats the first fluid. The supplemental heating system includes a heating element that heats a second fluid and a heat exchanging component removably fitted into the recreational vehicle and having a first fluid conduit for permitting the first fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanging component, and a second fluid conduit for permitting the second fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanging component. Heat from the second fluid is transferred to the first fluid within the heat exchanging component and thereby provides a heating operation of the first fluid independent of the heating system of the recreational vehicle.

Abstract: A supplemental heating system for heating a first fluid such as potable water. The supplemental heating system is configured for use in a recreational vehicle having a primary heating system that also heats the first fluid. The supplemental heating system includes a heating element that heats a second fluid and a heat exchanging component removably fitted into the recreational vehicle and having a first fluid conduit for permitting the first fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanging component, and a second fluid conduit for permitting the second fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanging component. Heat from the second fluid is transferred to the first fluid within the heat exchanging component and thereby provides a heating operation of the first fluid independent of the heating system of the recreational vehicle.

Abstract: In a method for improving heat transfer in a heat exchanger, in which a heating medium passes through heat exchange elements 1,8 which transfer their heat to a liquid with which they are in contact and which is located in the jacket region 3 of the heat exchanger, the liquid between the heat exchange elements in the jacket region 3 is heated locally to such a high temperature by means of additional heating elements 2,9 that nucleate boiling occurs in the liquid on the surface of these additional heating elements 2,9 and the resulting vapour bubbles ascend between the normal heating exchange elements 1,8 in the jacket region 3.

Abstract: A pressureless electric water heater for domestic use has a cylindrical double-walled tank for holding a quantity of a heat transfer liquid such as water. Cold water enters a copper coil immersed in the heat transfer liquid. The heat transfer liquid is heated by an electric heating element which extends down from a hinged tank top. Cold water flowing through the immersed coil is heated by the heat transfer liquid and exits the coil as hot water. The hinged top allows easy access to the interior of the tank and to the heating element, further easing access and replacement thereof. Sedimentation in the tank is minimized because the tank water is rarely replaced. Sedimentation in the coil is reduced because pressurized water flows through the coil when hot water is required and continuously cleanses the tubing. A sensor block is used to activate the heating element whenever water is introduced into the coils. An automatic fill valve maintains the tank level.

Abstract: Inflammable cleaning fluid heating apparatus are disclosed. The disclosed apparatus safely heat a cleaning fluid such as an inflammable solvent to a predetermined temperature. One of the disclosed inflammable cleaning fluid heating apparatus includes a main body for storing a heat transfer oil; a heater mounted inside the main body for heating the heat transfer oil; a cleaning fluid path mounted inside the main body having an inlet and an outlet; a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the heat transfer oil; and a controller for selectively switching the heater between anon state and an off state.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus includes a heating heat exchanger for heating air blown toward a passenger compartment using hot water as a heating source. A plurality of electric heating members are formed integrally with the heating heat exchanger, and electric power supplied to the electric heating members is controlled according a temperature of the hot water. Therefore, a number of the electric heating members to be operated is finely controlled according to the temperature of water flowing through the heating heat exchanger. Further, when a water temperature of the heating heat exchanger is lower than a predetermined temperature (e.g., 35.degree. C.), a water valve is closed to interrupt the flow of water to the heating heat exchanger, and a blower is operated. Therefore, a quantity of heat transmitted from the electric heating members to the water in the heating heat exchanger can be greatly decreased.