Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication technique, which is a convergence of IoT technology and 5G communication system for supporting higher data transmission rate beyond 4G system, and a system for same. The present invention can be applied to smart services (e.g. smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, health care, digital education, retail businesses, security- and safety-related services and the like) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology.

Abstract: A photography device includes a light transmitter, a light receiver, a processor, an adjustable focusing lens, and a driving module. The light transmitter is configured to transmit light to an object. The light receiver is configured to receive the reflected light. The processor is configured to generate a driving value according to transmission and reception of the light. The adjustable focusing lens has a focal length. The driving module is configured to adjust the focal length by driving the adjustable focusing lens according to the driving value.

Abstract: A method for calibrating an image capture device comprises mounting at least one sample device from a batch for movement through a plurality of orientations relative to a horizontal plane. For a given orientation, the sample device is focused at a sequence of positions, each position being at a respective focus distance from the device. A lens actuator setting is recorded for the sample device at each position. This is repeated at a plurality of distinct orientations of the sample device. Respective relationships are determined between lens actuator settings at any given position for distinct orientations from the plurality of distinct orientations and actuator settings at a selected orientation of the plurality of distinct orientations. Lens actuator settings for the image capture device to be calibrated are recorded at least at two points of interest (POI), each a specified focus distance from the device with the image capture device positioned at the selected orientation.

Abstract: An electronic device can utilize one or more sensors and/or imaging elements to determine the relative position of at least one light source relative to the device. In various embodiments, occlusions can be used to cause shadows to be cast on certain sensors. By determining the relative position of each occlusion relative to the sensor, the device can determine an approximate direction of the light source. Utilizing the relative position of a light source, the electronic device can properly light or shade a graphical object to be rendered by the device or otherwise process image information captured by the device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for using tracking data to control the functions of an automated fixture. Examples of automated fixtures include light fixtures and camera fixtures. A method includes obtaining a first position of a tracking unit. The tracking unit includes an inertial measurement unit and a visual indicator configured to be tracked by a camera. A first distance is computed between the automated fixture and the first position and it is used to set a function of the automated fixture to a first setting. A second position of the tracking unit is obtained. A second distance between the automated fixture and the second position is computed, and the second distance is used to set the function of the automated fixture to a second setting.

Abstract: The ranging apparatus of the present invention measures the distance to an object to be imaged by an imaging apparatus using the principle of triangulation ranging, and has a measurement unit in which a maximum distance that can be ranged to an object is not less than ½ of a maximum value of the hyper focal length of the imaging apparatus.

Abstract: A lens position detecting device 200 has a position detecting magnet 202, a magnetic force detecting sensor 204, a positional information generating means 206, etc. The position detecting magnet 202 is mounted on a rear surface of a lens holder frame 1460. The magnetic force detecting sensor 204 serves to generate a detected signal having a magnitude depending on the intensity of a magnetic force generated from the magnetic poles of the position detecting magnet 202. The magnetic force detecting sensor 204 is disposed on a straight line that passes through the position detecting magnet 202 parallel to the optical axis. The magnetic force detecting sensor 204 outputs a detected signal having a voltage corresponding (proportional) to the intensity of the magnetic force. An amplifying circuit 208 of a positional information generating means 206 amplifies the detected signal Ss from the magnetic force detecting sensor 204.

Abstract: An SLR camera having a focus detecting apparatus and a photographing method thereof are disclosed. The SLR camera may include an AF sensor, the pixels of which may be disposed in various arrangements, for example, in different sizes, in different gaps between the pixels and/or in different numbers, depending on the location of pixels and a control unit which controls the focusing operation based on the sampling levels output by the pixels.

Abstract: Systems and methods for use with an optical communication beam are disclosed. The system allows the beam of light to operate at an adequate power level that provides a robust optical link while minimizing any safety risk to humans. The system calibrates and controls the gain for an avalanche photodiode detector (APD). A detector circuit is used to calibrate the APD. Once calibrated, the detector circuit further provides an electrical bias to the APD to process or condition the electrical signal to produce a detector output. The systems and methods disclosed herein attenuate the power level of an incoming communication beam to prevent oversaturation of an APD. The system further provides an alignment signal, which is effective over a wide dynamic range of incoming power levels.

Abstract: An image projecting apparatus has an integrator for generating plural secondary-light-source images for generating illumination light with a uniform intensity; and a variable stop mechanism arranged at or near a position conjugate with the secondary-light-source images. The variable stop mechanism has a base plate having a fixed aperture; and a stop blade which moves across the aperture for changing a quantity of light. The change in the quantity of light passing through said variable stop caused by the movement of said stop blade is greater than a change in a size of an effective region of a stop aperture.

Abstract: A method of distance estimation is to be implemented using a digital camera, and includes: selecting a pre-established reference dimension corresponding to a target whose distance is to be estimated; enabling operation of the digital camera to capture a clear image containing the target; obtaining a focal length corresponding to the captured clear image; calculating an image dimension for each of predetermined distance values with reference to the selected reference dimension and the focal length; and showing the distance values on a display unit at positions based on proportions of the calculated image dimensions. The distance of the target can be estimated as one of the distance values corresponding to a dimension of the target image contained in the clear image and shown on the display unit.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes a zoom lens including at least two movable lens groups; an image pickup element that converts an optical image formed with the zoom lens into an electric signal; and an image processor that electrically corrects a lateral chromatic aberration to be generated at the zoom lens. The zoom lens satisfies Conditional Expressions (1) and (2) as follows, ?5.0<W_ate(X)/T_ate(X)<?0.2??(1) 0.003<|Max_ate(10)/Himg |<0.03??(2) where W_ate(X) is an aberration amount of the lateral chromatic aberration from the C-line to the g-line, at a wide-angle end, corresponding to a (X×10) % image height, T_ate(X) is an aberration amount of the lateral chromatic aberration from the C-line to the g-line, at a telephoto end, corresponding to a (X×10) % image height, Max_ate(X) is one of W_ate(10) and T_ate(10), the one having a larger absolute value, and Himg is a diagonal length of the image pickup element.

Abstract: A distance measuring device includes light a projector for projecting a beam of light onto an object at a distance to be measured, a light detector for detecting the part of the beam of light reflected from the object and outputting an output signal, an integrator for discharging or charging an integration capacitor corresponding to the output signal to integrate the output signal, an analog-to-digital converter for converting the voltage of the integration capacitor after a predetermined number of repetitions of a distance measuring routine, and a detector for detecting the distance to the object based on the converted signal, wherein the number of repetitions of the distance measuring routine is set to saturate the integration capacitor through the repetition, when the object is located at a short range alarm position.

Abstract: A camera includes a light emitter, a light detector, a clamp circuit, a calculator for outputting an output ratio signal, a converter for converting the output ratio signal into a distance signal corresponding to the distance or a predetermined fixed value, a light meter for measuring the luminance of outside light, and an exposure control that, when the luminance of the outside light measured by the light meter is lower than a predetermined switchover luminance, controls the aperture of the camera lens to a released aperture value, and when higher than the predetermined switchover luminance, controls the aperture of the camera lens to increase corresponding to the luminance. A first auto-focus (AF) signal value corresponds to an infinity determination distance and a second AF signal value corresponds to the switchover luminance. The AF signal value, which corresponds to the shorter range, is set as an infinity determination threshold value.

Abstract: A distance-measuring apparatus includes a diode projecting pulses of light toward an object at a distance to be measured, a photoreceptor for receiving reflected pulses of light reflected from the object, an arithmetic unit outputting a ratio signal according to the distance, an integrator integrating the ratio signal by discharging an integrating capacitor to produce a first integral, charging the integrating capacitor with constant current to produce a second integral, a maximum second integral time selector for selecting a maximum of the second integration times, and a detector for determining the distance based on the signal output by the integrator after the lapse of the maximum second integration time.

Abstract: In a rangefinder apparatus for projecting a light beam toward a target object a number of times; detecting light of the light beam reflected from the target object, and successively integrating output signals corresponding to the distance to the target object to carry out rangefinding; a voltage of an integrating capacitor in a rangefinding routine is detected, and the rangefinding routine is forcibly terminated if the voltage of the integrating capacitor is out of a preset range. Since the rangefinding routine is forcibly terminated if the voltage of the integrating capacitor in the rangefinding routine is outside of the preset range, malfunctions of a signal processing IC can be detected.

Abstract: There is disclosed a distance measuring equipment capable of performing efficiently a greater accuracy of focusing without troubling an operator, and a camera incorporating thereinto such a distance measuring equipment. By the use of the first focusing algorithm switches 61, 62 and 63 set up to the turn-off state, the turn-off state and the contact 62a side, respectively, so that AF-dedicated photo detector circuit 40 performs once a ratio arithmetic processing in accordance with photo-currents I1 and I2 from the PSD 30. In case of the short distance area, they are dealt with as the focusing data. In case of the middle distance area, the ratio arithmetic processing is performed by n times.

Abstract: A distance-measuring apparatus is arranged to project light toward an object at a distance to be measured, receive reflected light from the object, and detect the distance to the measured object through arithmetic operation and integration. In the distance-measuring apparatus, an integrating capacitor discharge/charge to a maximum when a time necessary for a first integration is longer a minimum. In the detection of the distance to the object, when the time necessary for the first integration is longer than the minimum time, a first integration and a second integration by the integrating capacitor are carried out repeatedly.

Abstract: A distance-measuring apparatus is arranged to project light toward an object at a distance to be measured, receive reflected light from the object, and detect the distance to the measured object through arithmetic operation and integration. In the distance-measuring apparatus, an integrating capacitor discharge/charge to a maximum when a time necessary for a first integration is longer a minimum. In the detection of the distance to the object, when the time necessary for the first integration is longer than the minimum time, a first integration and a second integration by the integrating capacitor are carried out repeatedly.

Abstract: A rangefinder apparatus includes an infrared emitting diode projecting a light beam toward a target object several times; a position sensing device (PSD) for detecting light of the light beam reflected from the target object and outputting a signal corresponding to a distance to the target object; an auto-focus integrated circuit (AFIC) for processing the output signal of the PSD; and a CPU for outputting a control signal for the signal processing and a clamp setting signal for setting a clamp level to the AFIC, and a reset signal for resetting the AFIC to an initial state at an input terminal identical to that for the clamp setting signal. Since the clamp setting signal and the reset signal are fed to the same terminal, the cost of the signal processor can be reduced.

Abstract: Distance measurement operations are executed by carrying out projection of light from IRED 4, reception of light by PSD 5, arithmetic operation by an arithmetic unit, and integral operation by an integrator plural times, and thereafter a detector detects the distance to a measured object, based on results of the respective distance measurement operations. Precharge of integrating capacitor 6 is carried out prior to the first distance measurement operation, but the precharge is not carried out prior to the second and subsequent distance measurement operations.

Abstract: A rangefinder apparatus includes an infrared emitting device (IRED) for projecting a light beam toward a target object; a position sensitive detector (PSD) for detecting light of the light beam reflected from the target object and outputting an output signal corresponding to a distance to the target object; an output circuit for charging an integrating capacitor according to the output signal of the PSD and an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter for converting a voltage of the integrating capacitor after an end of a rangefinding operation including a number of light-projecting actions by the IRED, light-detecting actions by the PSD, and integrating actions by the output circuit are repeated. Multiple rangefinding operations are carried out with a different number of repetitions, and the distance is determined according to respective values obtained by A/D conversions after the rangefinding operations. Consequently, conversion errors in A/D conversions are reduced, whereby the rangefinding accuracy is improved.

Abstract: When the reflectance of an object at a distance to be measured is low and when the distance to the object is far, these conditions are discriminated and the distance is measured with a clamp signal set at a low level, thereby enhancing distance measurement accuracy. First a distance measurement is carried out with the clamp signal set at a high level. When the first distance value is larger than a predetermined distance, a second distance measurement is carried out with the clamp signal set at the low level. Then it is determined whether the second distance value is larger than a set value. When the second distance value is larger than the set value, the clamp signal is set to the high level and third a distance measurement is carried out. When the second distance value is not larger than the set value, on the other hand, the clamp signal is set to the low level under certain conditions and the third distance measurement is carried out.

Abstract: A distance-measuring apparatus is arranged to project light toward an object at a distance to be measured, receive reflected light from the object, and detect the distance to the measured object through arithmetic operation and integration. In the distance-measuring apparatus, an integrating capacitor discharges/charges to a maximum voltage when a time necessary for a first integral is a minimum. In the detection of the distance to the object, when the time necessary for the first integration is longer than the minimum time, a first integration and a second integration by the integrating capacitor are carried out repeatedly.

Abstract: A compact and high-performance photometry/distance measuring unit in which a chip can be used in common optimally, and the characteristics of the devices can be optimized. The photometry/distance measuring unit comprises a distance measuring PSD, a spot sensor and an average metering sensor. The spot sensor, the average metering sensor, a photometry circuit and a distance measuring circuit are formed on an IC chip independent of the PSD.

Abstract: There are disclosed a distance measuring equipment capable of performing a distance measurement with greater accuracy suppressing cost up, and a camera. In case of the short distance area and the middle distance area, switches 61 and 62 are set up to the turn-off state, and switch 63 is set up to take the contact 63a side, so that photo-current signals I1 and I2 from PSD 30 are fed to input terminals 41 and 42 to perform a usual ratio arithmetic processing. In case of the long distance area, the switches 61 and 62 are set up to the turn-off state and the turn-on state, respectively, and the switch 63 is set up to take the contact 63b side, so that photo-current signal the I1 and fixed current signal Ir are fed to the input terminals 41 and 42 to perform a ratio arithmetic processing based on the fixed current signal.

Abstract: A film scanner for scanning an image formed on a film, is provided with a line sensor unit that scans the image in a main scanning direction, and a table supporting the film. The table is slidable in an auxiliary scanning direction. A geared transmission is provided to receives the driving force of a driving source and outputs, to a table driving mechanism, one of a first and a second driving force. The first driving force is a force with which the table driving mechanism drives the table in a forward direction at a first speed, and the second driving force is a force with which the table driving mechanism drives the table in a reverse direction at a second speed that is different from the first speed.

Abstract: A distance measurement system for measuring a distance with high accuracy and decreasing the number of terminals and lines. The system includes a charging device for detecting whether a supply of power has started and for overcharging an integrating capacitor for a definite period of time after the starting of the power supply. When the power supply to an automatic focussing integrated circuit starts, the charging device detects the start and outputs a signal to command overcharging of the integrating capacitor for the definite period of time after the detection. After the overcharging for the definite period of time, the integrating capacitor is charged to the reference voltage and an infrared-emitting diode emits pulsed radiation. The distance measurement results for each pulse are integrated by the discharging of the integrating capacitor.

Abstract: A distance measuring apparatus projects light toward an object at a distance to be measured, detects reflected light at a position according to the distance to the object to output a position signal, generates a distance computation value based on the position signal, integrates the distance computation value with an integrating capacitor, detects the distance, based on distance data corresponding to the integrated result, charges the integrating capacitor with a constant current for a time, and calculates a voltage for the integrating capacitor. In the distance measuring apparatus, the distance to the object is determined, based on a correction voltage calculated in a ranging routine, a reference voltage of the integrating capacitor calculated before the ranging routine, and the distance data. The apparatus reduces ranging error due to a change in the capacitance of the integrating capacitor.

Abstract: In a distance measuring system in a camera including an integrating unit having an integrating capacitor, if the period of a second integration exceeds a maximum period, a CPU stops the second integration. Furthermore, the CPU informs a photographer that the distance measurement has not performed successfully by issuing an alarm, urging the photographer to take proper action. As the CPU determines the distance to the object to be measured based on the maximum period of the second integration, error in the distance measurement may be minimized.

Abstract: A camera having a function of detecting the direction and intensity of a light source such as the sun is arranged to prevent a shadow from appearing by emitting a flash light when the result of detection indicates a condition under which a shadow is expected to appear at an object of shooting.

Abstract: In a distance measurement system, an integrating capacitor is preliminarily charged to at least a reference voltage VREF upon main power source power-on (a first predetermined period). When a shutter release button is half depressed to start a distance measurement (second predetermined period), the integrating capacitor is also preliminarily charged. At the end of the preliminarily charging in the first predetermined period, a drop in voltage occurs in the integrating capacitor due to dielectric absorption. However, by subsequently preliminarily charging at the start of the distance measurement (second predetermined period), a voltage drop in the integrating capacitor due to the dielectric absorption can be prevented. This second charging contributes to the prevention of error. Especially, if the first predetermined period is longer than the second one, the time required for the preliminarily charging at the start of the distance measurement can be further reduced.

Abstract: A distance measurement system for measuring a distance with a little time difference while maintaining high accuracy. An infrared emitting diode (IRED) emits a beam of light toward an object at a distance to be measured and a position sensitive detector (PSD) receives reflected light. Outputs from the PSD are processed by signal processing circuits, and an arithmetic circuit, which issues an output as distance information. An integrating circuit integrates the signal outputted by the arithmetic circuit and outputs a signal corresponding to the results of the integration. A CPU determines the distance to the object based on the signal outputted from the integrating circuit. In this distance measurement system, the integrating circuit starts integrating the signal outputted from the arithmetic circuit, immediately after the output, i.e., distance signal, from the arithmetic circuit is stabilized.

Abstract: In a distance measurement mode, an autofocus integrated circuit is furnished with a power supply voltage and an integrating capacitor is preliminarily charged to a reference voltage VREF. During the preliminary charging, an external luminance measured by a photometer is input into a CPU, together with a temperature measured by a temperature sensor. The CPU also checks power supply voltage. After the completion of the preliminary charging, an infrared emitting diode emits infrared pulses under the control of the CPU and an integrating capacitor is discharged by a voltage corresponding to distance to an object, a distance that is to be measured.

Abstract: A camera is provided with an SPD and a PSD suitable for implementing a camera capable of enhancing an accuracy of focusing and/or reducing a cost with a small scale of circuit. In the event that a photography is performed at a relatively short distance, a switch is switched by an MPU to offer a low impedance state. An AF-dedicated photo detector circuit determines a distance I1 and I2 obtained through a pair of signal electrodes of the PSD. On the other hand, in case of a relatively long distance, the MPU switches the switch to offer a high impedance state in accordance with distance data representative of the determined distance, so that an AF-dedicated photo detector circuit determines a distance up to the camera subject in accordance with photo-current I3 obtained from one of the signal electrodes of the PSD.

Abstract: In a rangefinder apparatus, a clamp signal is set to Ic1, the number of accumulating operations of an output ratio signal in an integrating circuit is set to N1, and a first distance measurement value D1 is detected. If the first distance measurement value D1 is larger than a reference distance L1, then the clamp signal is further set to Ic2, which is lower than CI1, the number of accumulating operations is set to N2, and a second distance measurement value D2 is detected. If the difference obtained by subtracting the first distance measurement value D1 from the second distance measurement value D2 is larger than a threshold value DD, then the clamp signal is set to Ic2, the number of accumulating operations is set to N3, and a third distance measurement value D3 is detected. A weighted average of the second distance measurement value D2 and the third distance measurement value D3 is obtained according to the number of accumulating operations N2 and N3, whereby the distance to the object is determined.

Abstract: In an active type rangefinder apparatus for measuring the distance to a range-finding object, an infrared emitting device (IRED) terminates its light projection earlier by a signal error time when the stationary light component outputted from the IRED starts to accumulate in a stationary-light-eliminating capacitor. As a consequence, the emission time of the IRED can be shortened, whereby the time parallax can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for determining the alignment of an object, whose image is to be recorded, with a coupling eyepiece and an image capture apparatus that defines an image plane (Pi), comprising: an image capture apparatus (2) equipped with the ability for adjusting its own position; a light source (1) that emits at least two non-focused luminous dots (1a, 1b); eyepiece coupling lens(es) or element(s) (3) that focus on an object plane (Po); an opaque mask (4) that is perforated with at least two holes (5a, 5b) and that is positioned in front of light source (1) such that it transmits at least part of the light emitted by the light source; and calculating mechanism for determining whether alignment exists and, in the case of non-alignment, for quantifying the non-alignment.

Abstract: A rangefinder apparatus includes an infrared emitting diode (IRED) for projecting a luminous flux toward an object at a distance to be measured; a light detector for detecting reflected light of the luminous flux projected to the object, at a light-detecting position on a position sensitive detector corresponding to the distance to the object, and outputting a signal corresponding to the light-detecting position; an arithmetic unit for carrying out an arithmetic operation according to the signal output from the light detector, and outputting a distance signal corresponding to the distance to the object; an integrating capacitor, for carrying out a first integration by discharging or charging according to the signal output from the arithmetic unit, carrying out a second integration of a constant current, and comparing the resulting voltage to a reference voltage and outputting a comparison result signal, detecting the distance to the object according to the integrated signal; and a control for causing the IRED

Abstract: In a rangefinder apparatus, a luminous flux is projected from an infrared emitting diode (IRED) toward an object at a distance to be measured and the reflected light of the projected luminous flux is detected by a position sensitive detector (PSD). The signal output from the PSD is arithmetically processed by signal processing circuits and an arithmetic circuit and output as a distance signal. An integrating circuit integrates the distance signal output from the arithmetic circuit as an integration result and a reference voltage, compares the two integration results, and outputs a comparison result signal corresponding to the comparison. According to the signal output from the integrating circuit, a CPU measures the time required for the second integration and detects the distance to the objected according to the time measured.

Abstract: In a rangefinder apparatus, a clamping circuit receives a far-side signal I2 output from a first signal processing circuit and outputs a signal I2c having a greater value than a clamp signal Ic and the far-side signal I2. An arithmetic circuit receives a near-side signal I1 output from a second signal processing circuit and the signal I2c output from the clamping circuit, calculates an output ratio (I1/(I1+I2c)), and outputs an output ratio signal. An integrating circuit receives the output ratio signal and, together with an integrating capacitor, integrates the output ratio signal several times. When switching the level of the clamp signal Ic before subsequent distance measuring operations in a continuous distance measurement, a clamp level switching circuit adds a value to the clamp signal, setting a new level.

Abstract: A rangefinder apparatus includes an infrared light-emitting diode for projecting light toward a range-finding object; a position sensitive device for detecting projected light reflected from the range-finding object and outputting a signal according to a position at which the reflected light is detected; and arithmetic circuit for carrying out an arithmetic operation according to the signal from the photosensitive device and outputting a signal corresponding to a distance to the range-finding object; an integrating circuit for integrating the signal from the arithmetic circuit by repeatedly discharging an integrating capacitor with an integrating period in response to the signal from the arithmetic circuit, to output a signal corresponding to a result of the integration produced by charging the integrating capacitor; a CPU for detecting the distance to the range-finding object according to the signal from the integrating circuit; a battery for supplying a power source voltage; and a step-up regulator for rais

Abstract: A far-side signal (I.sub.2) output from a PSD which has received reflected light from an object to be subjected to distance measurement is input to a clamp circuit through a second signal processing circuit, and the far-side signal (I.sub.2) or a clamp signal (Ic) at a predetermined level, i.e., a signal (I.sub.2 c) at a higher level is output from the clamp circuit. An arithmetic circuit and an integration circuit receive a near-side signal (I.sub.1) output from the PSD and the signal (I.sub.2 c) output from the clamp circuit and calculate an output ratio signal (I.sub.1 /(I.sub.1 +I.sub.2 c)). A CPU obtains a distance signal from the output ratio signal in accordance with a transformation formula which changes depending on the threshold value for determining whether to clamp the signal.

Abstract: A distance measuring apparatus in a lens-shutter type camera is provided with a photographic lens having variable focal length. The device includes a pair of image forming lenses each forming a subject image, a pair of line sensors on which the subject images are respectively formed through the pair of image forming lenses, the pair of line sensors each having a plurality of light receiving elements. The unit also includes a plurality of light receiving areas formed correspondingly on each of the pair of line sensors, the plurality of light receiving areas each including a predetermined number of the plurality of light receiving elements. The plurality of light receiving areas respectively receive different areas of a corresponding one of the subject images formed by the pair of image forming lenses, and each adjacent pair of light receiving areas of the plurality of light receiving areas overlap each other.

Abstract: A laser diode 11 irradiates an object 3 with beam light modulated in an appropriate cycle. A position detection element 21 outputs a pair of position signals responsive to the position of a light reception spot and a processing section finds a distance to the object 3 based on the position signals. The processing section comprises a modulation control circuit 34 for irradiating the object 3 with beam light as many times as appropriate for performing distance measurement operation, then stopping the distance measurement operation and generating modulation control output indicating the operation stop, and upon reception of modulation control input indicating the operation start from the outside, again starting the distance measurement operation. Therefore, if the modulation control output of one of the two optical displacement measurement devices is directed to the modulation control input of the other, both the optical displacement measurement devices operate alternately, thus do not interfere with each other.

Abstract: An optical displacement measuring system using a triangulation comprises a light projecting unit for emitting to an object a light beam which is amplitude-modulated by a reference signal having a predetermined period, a light receiving unit for receiving light reflected back from the object and providing a pair of position signals, and a control signal generator for providing first and second control signals in synchronism with the reference signal. The position signals are processed by a switching unit in a time sharing manner according to the first control signal to obtain a first composite signal, in which the position signals occur alternately every integral number of the period of the reference signal.

Abstract: This invention has as its object to provide a distance measurement apparatus which can relatively easily control the clock generation timing and can prevent dark currents generated by accumulation units from being unbalanced between the ON and OFF states of a light-projection operation even when the accumulation apparatus for temporarily holding charges are arranged between a sensor array and a charge transfer apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus that measures the distance to an object by projecting light, receiving reflected light of the projected light through at least two light receiving devices disposed at different positions, and combining information from the two light receiving device to cancel, the influence of a change in the centroid position of the reflected light at the same distance. The apparatus has a signal processor performs a first processing operation for determining the distance to the object by combining information from the two light receiving devices, and a second processing operation for determining the distance to the object using information from only one of the two light receiving devices.

Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of a distance measurement device of the light-projecting type, the device is provided with a reference voltage generator for generating a reference voltage having a level dependent upon whether or not a light is being projected.

Abstract: An object distance detecting apparatus having a light projecting device for projecting a pulse light toward an object to be photographed and a primary semiconductor position detecting device for receiving the reflected light from the object by this light projecting device and outputting a first current value and second current value corresponding to the object distance, comprising: a first integrating circuit for integrating a predetermined number of times the added value of the above-mentioned first current value and second current value, a second integrating circuit for integrating a predetermined number of times the ratio operating value of the above-mentioned both current values, a first calculating device for calculating the object distance on the basis of the square of the output of the above-mentioned first integrating circuit and a second calculating device for calculating the object distance on the basis of the output of the above-mentioned second integrating circuit so that, when the output of the f