Abstract: An imaging apparatus is provided with a power source, a power supply circuit connected to the power source and having power supply lines for supplying a positive voltage and a negative voltage, an image pickup element, plural drivers for generating multi-phase driving signals and applying the generated multi-phase driving signals to the image pickup element, a discharging circuit connected in parallel with the plural drivers, and a conducting circuit for allowing unnecessary charge accumulated in the power source to discharge through the power supply circuit for a negative voltage to the discharging circuit at the time when the power source is turned off, wherein the power supply circuit for a negative voltage is connected to the plural drivers.

Abstract: There is provided an image taking device with removable optical unit, with which it is possible to operate the power supply of the image taking device body without operating a power switch, and operation of the power supply of the image taking device body is made easy. The image taking device with removable optical element is provided with an image taking device body, a lens unit (optical unit) that is removable with respect to the image taking device body, an attachment detection unit for detecting attachment of the lens unit to the image taking device body, and a system controller (control unit) for turning a power supply of the image taking device body on upon detection of attachment of the lens unit to the image taking device body by the attachment detection unit. The system controller is configured to turn off the power supply of the image taking device body in a state where attachment of the lens unit to the image taking device body is not detected by the attachment detection unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for maintaining a maximum sustained flash current over the whole length of a flash using a programmable current drive in a handheld portable device powered by a battery. The method involves measuring the battery voltage before and after a flash is initiated and calculating the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the battery. The calculated ESR is then used to adjust the flash current. The process may be repeated to correct for errors in the flash current.

Abstract: A method for predicting the quantity of pictures that can be taken is applied to a picture-taking function of a digital still camera. Firstly, a lookup table is individually built for different power using operations of a battery according to the operational modes of the picture-taking function. Next, the method looks up the corresponding lookup table according to an obtained battery voltage value of the digital still camera and the operational mode. Finally, a quantity of pictures that can be taken is obtained from the lookup table, and is displayed on a display unit of the digital still camera and is provided to the user. Thereby, the user can change the operational mode to reduce power consumption and take more pictures.

Abstract: A method and system for determining camera positioning information from an accelerometer mounted on a camera. The accelerometer measures the orientation of the camera with respect to gravity. Orientation measurement allows user interface information to be displayed in a “right side up” orientation on a viewfinder for any camera orientation. Alternatively, an artificial horizon indicator may be displayed in the viewfinder. The accelerometer may also measure camera movement. Camera movement information together with camera orientation can be used to determine camera usage. Additionally, camera movement information can be used to determine a minimum shutter speed for a sharp picture.

Abstract: An object detecting system includes a plurality of photographing mechanisms that are used to detect information about objects inside and outside a vehicle. An object detecting system is installed in a vehicle and comprises a first camera and a second camera to obtain information about objects inside and outside the vehicle. They system further includes a controller for conducting controls to detect information about an object and an electrical power unit to supply electrical power from a vehicle battery to the respective cameras. At least one of the controller and the electrical power unit is shared by the first camera and the second camera.

Abstract: In a main body of a camera, a recording unit is disposed which is capable of recording specific information of a photographing lens or an accessory. When the specific information of the presently attached photographing lens or accessory has been already registered in the recording unit, the main body of the camera does not acquire all the specific information from the attached photographing lens or accessory by data communication. In a case where the specific information of the attached photographing lens or accessory has been registered in the recording unit, the only identification information of the interchangeable lens or accessory can be enough, even if the data communication is necessary. In consequence, a communication time with respect to the interchangeable lenses or various types of accessories can be reduced as a whole.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to enable reliable supply of oxygen which is necessary for a fuel cell to generate electric power, to the fuel cell. In a camera, air orifices for linking the space inside a cell compartment with the outside of a casing are disposed in a position other than the portion (grip portion) which is held by a user, in the vicinity of the center of the front surface of the casing, that is, in the vicinity of a lens-barrel, and a concave-convex portion serving as an air orifice guard is formed at the side opposite to that where the lens-barrel is disposed with respect to the air orifices. As a result, even when the user takes a picture of an object by holding the camera with his/her own hand, the air orifices are prevented from being closed by the user's hand, oxygen (air) can be constantly supplied to the fuel cell accommodated inside the cell compartment, and the fuel cell can continuously generate a sufficient quantity of electricity.

Abstract: An electronic device and method for power management in an electronic device is provided. In an embodiment, the electronic device includes the functionality of a personal digital assistant, wireless email paging and a camera with a flash that is operated via self-contained power supply in the form of a battery. The device also includes a supervisor circuit which causes the device to enter sleep mode, or disables the device, or certain features of the device, if the battery level falls below a certain threshold. A method in accordance with an embodiment performs, in response to a request to fire the flash, a pre-flash test which is selected so as to not trip the supervisor circuit. The battery level is examined after the pre-flash test. If the battery level meets certain criteria, the full flash is permitted to proceed, else the full flash is not permitted to proceed.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes an imaging unit configured to convert an object image formed by an imaging optical system into an electrical signal, a power supply unit capable of being supplied with power from first and second power supply systems, and a control unit configured to cause the imaging unit to operate in different control modes according to whether power is supplied from the first power supply system or the second power supply system.

Abstract: A dual power switch system and the related control method thereof. The dual power switch system includes: a power supply module for supplying power to the dual power switch system; a first power switch circuit, electrically connected to the power supply module, for generating a first control voltage to trigger the power supply module to supply the power; and a second power switch circuit, electrically connected to the power supply module, for generating a second control voltage through magnetic induction to trigger the power supply module to supply the power.

Abstract: An image capturing device includes a first controller operable to control image capturing; an operation section including a switch; a detector operable to detect a change to an image capturing mode and to send a signal representing the change; a second controller operable to monitor and process the sent signal, the second controller having a power consumption less than that of the first controller; and a power supply operable to supply power to the first controller, the second controller, and a functional section of the device. When the second controller receives the signal sent from the detecting section in a power saving state in which power is supplied from the power supply to the second controller, the power saving state is changed to a power supplying state capable of image capturing by supplying power from the power supply to portions of the device including the first controller.

Abstract: An image display apparatus comprising: a first storage device which stores an image file including an image and the photographing date and time information of the image; an operation device which performs a predetermined operation; a timing determination device which makes a determination whether or not it is the timing at which no operation occurs on the operation device; a photographing date and time information acquisition device which acquires the photographing date and time information from the image file stored in the first storage device when a determination is made that it is the timing at which no operation occurs on the operation device; a second storage device which stores the photographing date and time information acquired by the photographing date and time information acquisition device associated with the image file; a display device which displays the image within the image file; and a display control device which controls the display on the display device by sorting the images within the i

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes an imaging unit configured to convert an object image formed by an imaging optical system into an electrical signal, a power supply unit capable of being supplied with power from first and second power supply systems, and a control unit configured to cause the imaging unit to operate in different control modes according to whether power is supplied from the first power supply system or the second power supply system.

Abstract: A battery pack for mounting to a camera and camera stand is described. The battery pack has attachment means on opposite sides. The attachment means are of complementary design so that the battery pack can be mounted between the camera and the stand. Each attachment means permits linear adjustment of the camera. The two means provide parallel linear adjustment of the camera with respect to the battery pack and of the battery pack with respect to the stand.

Abstract: An image capturing device includes a first controller operable to control image capturing; an operation section including a switch; a detector operable to detect a change to an image capturing mode and to send a signal representing the change; a second controller operable to monitor and process the sent signal, the second controller having a power consumption less than that of the first controller; and a power supply operable to supply power to the first controller, the second controller, and a functional section of the device. When the second controller receives the signal sent from the detecting section in a power saving state in which power is supplied from the power supply to the second controller, the power saving state is changed to a power supplying state capable of image capturing by supplying power from the power supply to portions of the device including the first controller.

Abstract: A lightweight, small, high-voltage power supply for a xenon flash lamp or strobe permits rapid and reliable strobing for retinal imaging. In one embodiment the power supply can develop 500 volts at 720 watt seconds to permit firing the xenon strobe at full power one pulse per second. The power supply, rather than using heavy, bulky transformers, uses a hybrid high-voltage multiplier that involves an AC coupling circuit and a half-wave rectifier, the outputs of which are coupled in series to a capacitor bank to achieve a 500-volt charging source for the capacitor bank. This permits the capacitor bank to be charged with a continuous high voltage so that it can deliver a controlled, reliable high voltage to the xenon strobe.

Abstract: Disclosed is an information processing apparatus, wherein an operation mode at power-on is set to an optimal operation mode for a user in accordance with a state of a display panel unit. According to an embodiment of the present invention, an information processing apparatus in which a display unit can open/close and rotate with respect to a body unit includes a detector detecting at least one of an opening/closing state and a rotating state of the display unit; and a mode setting unit setting an operation mode of the information processing apparatus at power-on in accordance with a state of the display unit detected by the detector.

Abstract: Provided is a lens apparatus mounted to a camera including an image-pickup element, including: a focus lens means movable in an optical axis direction for focusing; a zoom lens unit; a zoom detector for detecting a zoom value of the zoom lens unit; an aperture-stop device; a stop-value detector; a splitting optical unit; a focus-condition detection unit; an actuator; a controller for controlling the actuator based on an output from the focus-condition detection unit; and a manual operation member, wherein the controller obtains an F-number of the lens apparatus based on outputs from the zoom detector and stop-value detector and when the F-number exceeds a predetermined value, the controller causes the actuator to stop the focus lens unit and switches to a condition in which the focus lens unit is driven by the manual operation member.

Abstract: An image-recording apparatus includes a display unit for displaying an image photographed by an sensing device, an illuminating unit for emitting light by discharging charges charged in a capacitor on photographing, a power source unit in which any one of plural kinds of power sources is selectively usable, and a power source detector to detect which kind of the power source is being used in the power source unit. Displaying on the display unit and charging of the capacitor are performed by using the power source in the power source unit. When the power source detector detects that the power source unit uses a specified kind of the power source, the display unit is operated even during charging the capacitor, whereas when the power source detector detects that the power source other than said specified one is being used in the power source detector unit, the display unit is set in no operation during charging the capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a camera system including: an imaging unit which has an image-taking optical system and an image pickup device; and a main unit which receives image signals from the imaging unit and performs signal processing. The imaging unit includes an identification section for identifying the main unit. When the imaging unit is attached to the main unit and the power is supplied from the main unit to the imaging unit, the imaging unit issues to the main unit a request for the transmission of the identification code. In response to the request, the main unit sends the identification code to the imaging unit. The identification section of the imaging unit identifies the main unit based on the received identification code.

Abstract: The invention discloses an image capture device. The image capture device includes an image capture basic unit for capturing an image. The image capture basic unit includes a first power supply device for supplying an operating voltage and an expansion unit detachably coupled to the image capture basic unit. The expansion unit is utilized to provide a function of processing data to the image capture basic unit. The expansion unit further includes a second power supply device for supplying the operating voltage to the image capture basic unit.

Abstract: A video camera having a power-On recording standby mode, a power-On recording disabled mode, and a power-saving mode, in addition to power-OFF mode. The power-saving mode is a state in which the time taken to shift to said recording standby mode is shorter than the time taken to shift from power-OFF mode. Switching to the power-saving mode is inhibited when recording on the recording medium is not possible, thereby improving the operability of the video camera for the user. The user is prevented from attempting to record during power saving mode.

Abstract: A scene adaptive power control device using a plurality of input images as consecutive input images and controlling a power level of a light source used in displaying the third input image. The scene adaptive power control device including a histogram analysis unit to analyze the second input image and detect a first maximum brightness value of the second input image, a determination unit to detect brightness values matching a first threshold as a predetermined frequency value in the generated histogram and determining a second maximum brightness value, a generation unit generating a power control signal to control the power level of the light source by a value obtained by dividing the second maximum brightness value by the first maximum brightness value, and a compensation unit increasing a brightness of the third input image inversely proportional to the power level of the light source reduced by the power control signal.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus, such as a camera, is configured to be driven by a fuel cell. The fuel cell includes a fuel unit and a power generation unit. The fuel unit is configured to store fuel, and the power generation unit is configured to generate electric power with at least one power generation cell by receiving fuel from the fuel unit. The camera includes a fuel cell storage section configured to store both the fuel unit and the power generation unit, and a power generation unit determination device configured to determine an output characteristic of the power generation unit. A memory in the power generation unit holds information on one of a voltage, an electric current, and an internal resistance. This information is read by a system controller in the camera.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus that commences a pre-shooting operation on a first stroke of a release button, executes a shooting operation on a second stroke of the release button, and stores generated image data in a connected storage medium. The image capturing apparatus includes a power supply unit adapted to supply power to the storage medium, and a controller configured to control the power supply unit so that the power supply to the storage medium is started in response to the first stroke of the release button going ON.

Abstract: A method for turning on the power of a camera or camcorder includes storing the camera or camcorder in an unattached enclosure, the enclosure having at least one radio-frequency identification tag that sends a wireless signal that identifies if the enclosure is closed or at least partially open, and the camera or camcorder having a radio frequency identification tag sensor that can sense whether the tag identifies that the enclosure is closed or at least partially; unfastening a fastener or unzipping a zipper on the enclosure, changing the state of the enclosure from closed to at least partially open; the sensor sensing that the state has changed to at least partially open; then automatically turning the power on to the camera or camcorder regardless of the light level inside and outside of the enclosure; and then removing the camera or camcorder from the enclosure.

Abstract: Included is an adjustable, auxiliary battery pack suitable for digital cameras. The pack includes a rotary wheel having finger grips that protrude through slots in a rotary wheel guide. The finger grips, in conjunction with the large diameter of the rotary wheel, allow a user to couple a threaded screw disposed in the rotary wheel to a tripod mount in a camera. The rotary wheel guide includes an aperture that allows the rotary wheel to move both side to side and forward and back, thereby accommodating a wide array of digital camera form factors. A protrusion on the rotary wheel ensures that the moveable rotary wheel stays within the confines of the rotary wheel guide. The battery pack includes a female tripod mount on the bottom of the pack that allows the camera/battery pack assembly to be coupled to a tripod.

Abstract: There is provided an image taking device with removable optical unit, with which it is possible to operate the power supply of the image taking device body without operating a power switch, and operation of the power supply of the image taking device body is made easy. The image taking device with removable optical element is provided with an image taking device body, a lens unit (optical unit) that is removable with respect to the image taking device body, an attachment detection unit for detecting attachment of the lens unit to the image taking device body, and a system controller (control unit) for turning a power supply of the image taking device body on upon detection of attachment of the lens unit to the image taking device body by the attachment detection unit. The system controller is configured to turn off the power supply of the image taking device body in a state where attachment of the lens unit to the image taking device body is not detected by the attachment detection unit.

Abstract: In the present invention, in a battery adapter to be engaged with a camera body, a tripod screw provided at an upper surface portion is engaged with a tripod screw of the camera body, and a positioning pin is fitted in a positioning hole provided in the camera body. Furthermore, a contact piece support including electrode contact portions is inserted into a battery chamber of the camera body in order to effect electrical connection with battery contact pieces provided in the battery chamber. A waterproofing seal for waterproofing the gap between the contact piece support and the battery chamber is provided around a lower portion of the contact piece support.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a global positioning system (GPS) device configured to execute position calculation processing based on data received from a satellite; a power supply controller configured to control power supply to the GPS device; and a device controller configured to monitor a state of use of the information processing device by a user, to calculate a use frequency of the information processing device per unit time, and to cause the power supply controller to intermittently supply power to the GPS device if the calculated use frequency is lower than a predefined threshold value.

Abstract: An object detecting system includes a plurality of photographing mechanisms that are used to detect information about objects inside and outside a vehicle. An object detecting system is installed in a vehicle and comprises a first camera and a second camera to obtain information about objects inside and outside the vehicle. They system further includes a controller for conducting controls to detect information about an object and an electrical power unit to supply electrical power from a vehicle battery to the respective cameras. At least one of the controller and the electrical power unit is shared by the first camera and the second camera.

Abstract: A mobile device is equipped with a transmitting function to transmit data. When a power switch is turned off during data transmission, a transition is made to a transmission-during-power-off mode that continues data transmission. The transition to the transmission-during-power-off mode is performed when an inquiry is made on a screen as to whether transmission will be performed and “continue” is subsequently selected. In this mode, even when the mobile device with the power switch being turned off is carried around, data transmission is continued and data is recorded into a storage section of a home personal computer.

Abstract: A sliding cover for protecting camera lens and switching the power of the camera, comprising a cover plate and a permanent magnet. The cover plate is slideably connected with the front shell of the camera, a magnetic induction switch is installed at the inner side of the front shell. Furthermore, the permanent magnet is connected to the cover plate, when the lens is exposed while the cover plate is sliding away, the permanent magnet will then be close to the inducible switch and switch the power automatically. For sliding smooth, a few pads with low friction coefficient and wear-resistant property can be installed between the cover plate and the front shell of the camera; preferably, the inner side of the of the cover plate can further installed a rolling wheel to smooth the sliding and prevent scratch on the front shell surface when been highly pressed.

Abstract: A composite system includes first and second devices, each operated using its own power source device as a driving source. The system comprises a signal line connecting loads of the first and second devices so that the first and second devices operate in cooperation with each other; and a power source line connecting a first line connecting the first power source device and the load of the first device via a diode and a second line connecting the second power source device and the load of the second device via a diode so that the first and second devices can operate using the power source device of the counterpart device as the drive source.

Abstract: A digital camera, including a common power supply for supplying power; a plurality of motors sharing the power supply and driven by the power supplied from the power supply; and a current detector for detecting load current supplied to the plurality of motors, wherein, when either one of the plurality of motors is operated, other motor is driven not to overlap with a maximum value of the load current detected by the current detector.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a battery chamber; first through fifth contacts, positioned in the battery chamber; two detection switches which are turned ON only when two battery packs are accommodated in the battery chamber in the correct direction; a voltage detector capable of detecting first through sixth voltages between the first/second contacts, second/third contacts, third/fourth contacts, fourth/fifth contacts, first/third contacts, and third/fifth contacts, respectively; and a controller which allows either four cylindrical cells or the two battery packs to be used as the power source only if the two detection switches are ON when the fifth and sixth voltages are substantially the same, or if the two detection switches are OFF when the first, second, third and fourth voltages is greater than zero volts and that the first, second, third and fourth voltages are substantially the same.

Abstract: A camera is provided which includes a camera exterior housing which covers the camera and which has an inclined surface. A first electric part and a second electric part are provided such that longitudinal directions thereof are parallel. A first end surface of the first electric part and a first end surface of the second electric part are disposed along an inner wall of the inclined surface of the exterior housing so as to form a step. In addition, a connector for connection of a flexible printed substrate is provided which includes a connector terminal array provided in a connector main body and a holding member which is adapted to switch between a holding position and a releasing position. The flexible printed substrate is insertable and removable with respect to a first side of the connector main body when the holding member is in the releasing position.

Abstract: A camera body including a camera CPU, a detection switch and an interchangeable lens having a lens CPU are provided. The detection switch is connected to the camera CPU and is switched in response to the start of the attachment of the interchangeable lens and is switched to a reproducing state in response to the completion of the attachment of the interchangeable lens. In this case, when the interchangeable lens is attached to the camera body, the camera CPU supplies reset signals to the lens CPU in response to the switching of the detection switch. Upon the completion of the attachment of the lens, the camera CPU cancels reset signals in response to the switching of the detection switch to the reproducing state.

Abstract: In a camera system according to the invention, a camera body and an interchangeable lens have respective identification data tables that are congruous with each other. As an appropriate data address is indicated to the interchangeable lens by the camera body, an identification data that is stored in the identification data storage section and corresponds to the indicated address is transmitted from the interchangeable lens to the camera body. The identification data judging section of the camera body compares the identification data transmitted back from the interchangeable lens and the identification data that is stored in the identification data storage section and corresponds to the address. As a result, it is determined if the dedicated accessory device is mounted on the camera body or not.

Abstract: An increased capacity battery holder, which allows a device to be used for a longer time duration than can be achieved from solely internally contained batteries, capable of providing additional energy to the device, beyond internal space and volume limitations of the device, having additional battery holding capacity external to the device, with the additional battery holding capacity self contained within the battery holder. The battery holder provides maximum energy output, a portion of the battery holder being matingly removably attachable and optionally removably lockable to the device. The battery holder is safe, of simple construction, easy to install and remove therefrom the device, acts as an additional means for holding and/or handling the device, and is capable of forming an integral assembly with the device. The battery holder has means for preventing inadvertent shorting and/or reversing polarity of the batteries, and optionally recharging means for recharging the batteries.

Abstract: A strobe charging device includes a light-emitting tube; a main capacitor for accumulating energy and for supplying the energy to the light-emitting tube; a transformer circuit which includes primary and secondary coils in order to accumulate the energy of a power supply in the main capacitor; a control circuit for controlling a current flowing from the power supply to the primary coil; a current detection circuit for detecting a current flowing through the secondary coil; a time measuring circuit for measuring the time from when the control circuit stops a current flowing through the primary coil until the current detection circuit detects that the current flowing through the secondary coil reaches a predetermined level or until the current flowing through the secondary coil stops; a voltage detecting circuit for detecting the voltage of the main capacitor; and a determination circuit for determining the operation state of the device based on the measurement result generated by the time measuring circuit and

Abstract: A rechargeable battery in an electronic camera is charged without additionally providing the camera with a power generating device. When a power-supply switch of the camera is turned off, a diaphragm and a shutter are opened and a taking lens is controlled so as to set focus to infinity. Signal charge that has accumulated in a CCD is output as a charging current, and the rechargeable battery is charged by a power-supply control circuit.

Abstract: In a camera system according to the invention, a camera body and an interchangeable lens have respective identification data tables that are congruous with each other. As an appropriate data address is indicated to the interchangeable lens by the camera body, an identification data that is stored in the identification data storage section and corresponds to the indicated address is transmitted from the interchangeable lens to the camera body. The identification data judging section of the camera body compares the identification data transmitted back from the interchangeable lens and the identification data that is stored in the identification data storage section and corresponds to the address. As a result, it is determined if the dedicated accessory device is mounted on the camera body or not.

Abstract: A camera includes a first power supply output circuit which outputs a first stabilized power supply voltage, a second power supply output circuit which outputs a second stabilized power supply voltage lower than the first power supply voltage, a photocoupler which has a light emitting element and a light receiving element, a detecting circuit which detects an analog signal output from the light receiving element and converts the analog signal to a digital signal, and a processing circuit which performs processing based on the digital signal. The first power supply voltage feeds into the light emitting element as an operating voltage thereof. The second power supply voltage feeds into the light receiving element and feeds into the processing circuit as an operating voltage thereof. The camera allows stable operations of the processing circuit with minuter elements and the light emitting element.

Abstract: An auxiliary module comprises: a baseplate having terminals and equipped with an auxiliary; a relaying component formed by integrally resin-molding a first electrically connecting portion having terminals and a second electrically connecting portion having terminals; and a casing, wherein a connector housing for the first electrically connecting portion is formed on the casing, a connector is formed on the casing by installing the first electrically connecting portion in the connector housing, and the terminals of the baseplate are connected to the terminals of the second electrically connecting portion when the baseplate is attached to the casing.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image pickup apparatus having a lens barrel which is sinkable into the apparatus body, and is controlled, if necessary, not to sink into the body even when the power is switched off The image pickup apparatus has a power key which switches on/off the power in accordance with a key operation, an instruction key which instructs a power source off state in which the lens barrel does not sink into the body, a storage unit which stores positions of lenses constituting a lens optical system when an instruction is given by the instruction key, and a control unit which switches off the power without sinking the lens barrel into the body in accordance with an instruction by the instruction key, and checks or adjusts positions of the lenses based on the positions stored in the storage unit when the power is switched on.

Abstract: A camera is made compact with its internal temperature adjusted to a more appropriate temperature. A temperature T is read from a temperature sensor disposed within the camera (S100) and it is judged whether or not the temperature T exceeds a threshold Tref1 (S102). When the temperature T exceeds the threshold Tref1, the operation of the camera is changed to a power-saving mode where the power consumption is lower than in the ordinary mode (S104). The threshold Tref1 is determined to be a rated temperature at which the camera can operate stably or a temperature lower than that. Thus, the temperature in the camera can be made appropriate.

Abstract: A power source is turned on by pivoting of an operation protrusion of a power source dial which protrudes further than a cylindrical outer edge of a grip section, and a shutter button is provided in a position closer to a front side of the camera than a pivoting center of the power source dial and pivots on the pivoting center of the power source dial so as to be pushed down.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments of a camera and methods associated therewith for notifying a user upon non-conforming separation of a remote from the camera.