Abstract: Included are multiple mount claws, and multiple contact pins following the circumferential direction of a second mount. The second mount can rotate to a first state where multiple claws of a first mount are inserted between the multiple mount claws, and a second state where the multiple mount claws engage the claws in a center axis direction. In the first state, a first mount claw is included in an angle range where a first contact pin of the multiple contact pins and a center axis of the mount are connected in the radial direction of the mount, and a first contact face of the multiple contact faces and the center axis are connected in the radial direction of the mount. The first contact pin and the first contact face come into contact first when rotating from the first state to the second state.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus, to which an accessory device is detachably mounted, which performs image capturing in synchronization with a vertical synchronization signal, and which performs communication with the accessory device in synchronization with the vertical synchronization signal, transmits, to the accessory device, a request command for requesting transmission of data from the accessory device to the imaging apparatus to cause the accessory device to transmit data corresponding to request command. The imaging apparatus is capable of transmitting, to the accessory device, a plurality of request commands each corresponding to the request command within one period of the vertical synchronization signal, and the request command includes a plurality of types of commands. The imaging apparatus transmits a previously-determined specific request command of the plurality of types of commands at predetermined timing within one period of the vertical synchronization signal.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus, to which an accessory device is detachably mounted, which performs image capturing in synchronization with a vertical synchronization signal, and which performs communication with the accessory device in synchronization with the vertical synchronization signal, transmits, to the accessory device, a request command for requesting transmission of data from the accessory device to the imaging apparatus to cause the accessory device to transmit data corresponding to request command. The imaging apparatus is capable of transmitting, to the accessory device, a plurality of request commands each corresponding to the request command within one period of the vertical synchronization signal, and the request command includes a plurality of types of commands. The imaging apparatus transmits a previously-determined specific request command of the plurality of types of commands at predetermined timing within one period of the vertical synchronization signal.

Abstract: Disclosed in some examples are auxiliary optical systems for removably attaching to mobile devices, including mobile telephones with onboard cameras, to provide enhanced optical features. Some auxiliary optical systems can be configured to attach to multiple different types and sizes of mobile devices. Some auxiliary optical systems can be configured to attach to a mobile device that includes a protruding onboard camera. For example, in some embodiments, a retainer portion of an auxiliary optical system can comprise a region for receiving the protruding onboard camera in a clearance or friction fit.

Abstract: A system and method for synchronizing a remote lighting device to a camera using a hot shoe connection and an external device connected via the hot shoe connector. The external device receives TTL data and a synchronization signal from the camera via the hot shoe connector. The external device wirelessly communicates using a radio frequency transmitter an exposure compensation value from the external device to a remote lighting device. The external device also wirelessly communicates a synchronization signal and a TTL information to the remote lighting device for use in synchronizing the remote lighting device to image acquisition by the camera.

Abstract: A camera module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is proposed, the camera module including a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) mounted with an image sensor, a housing member arranged at an upper surface of the PCB, a bobbin movably positioned at an inner side of the housing member, an upper elastic member connected to an upper surface of the housing member and to an upper surface of the bobbin, and a space forming part formed at one side of the housing member to provide a moving space to the upper elastic member when the bobbin makes a relatively vertical movement to the housing member.

Abstract: An adapter device according to the present disclosure includes: a mount section that is attached to any one of a plurality of main body mount sections included in a main body apparatus; and a user interface a state of which is switched in accordance with whether to which one of the plurality of main body mount sections the mount section has been attached. With this configuration, it is possible to attach to any one of a plurality of main body mount sections included in a main body apparatus, and the state of a user interface can be switched in accordance with whether which one of the main body mount sections has been attached with.

Abstract: A camera includes an image pickup device configured to receive a light flux passing through a photographing lens and to convert the light flux into an electric signal, a display device configured to perform a live-view display on the basis of the electric signal output from the image pickup device, an aperture driving actuator configured to adjust a light amount passing through the photographing lens, and a controller configured to control a stop timing of the live-view display performed before an exposure at the time of a still-image photography on the display device in accordance with an operation condition of the aperture driving actuator at the time of the still-image photography.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a lens driving motor, comprising: a mover including a bobbin for fixing a lens, and magnets disposed on the bobbin; a stator comprising a first coil and a second coil arranged to correspond to the respective magnets, a housing including an upper surface with an open center and a support part having an outer surface on which the first coil is disposed, a base which supports the housing and has a through hole formed in the center thereof to correspond to the lens, and a substrate disposed on an upper surface of the base so as to apply power to the second coil; and a hall sensor disposed at a position facing the magnets so as to sense a phase of the mover.

Abstract: An imaging unit of a camera for recording the surroundings has an image sensor with a lens for the display of the surroundings on the image sensor. The image sensor and the lens are held by a carrier. The camera additionally has a circuit hoard and at least the signal and the supply lines of the image sensor arranged on the carrier. The image sensor is mounted on a carrier substrate, which similar to the lens, is arranged on the carrier at a distance from the circuit board, and has a flexible electrical connection to the circuit board.

Abstract: A telecommunication unit which ensures high reliability of electric connection with a simple structure and enables satisfactory communication between an apparatus main body of an image pickup apparatus and an interchangeable lens. A first electric connecting unit has contact portions that are electrically connected to the interchangeable lens when the interchangeable lens is mounted on the lens adapter. A second electric connecting unit has contact portions that are electrically connected to the apparatus main body when the lens adapter is fixed to the apparatus main body. The contact portions of the first electric connecting unit are arranged in the form of an arc with an optical axis of the interchangeable lens at its center. The contact portions of the second electric connecting unit are arranged in a linear fashion in a width direction of the apparatus main body perpendicular to the optical axis of the interchangeable lens.

Abstract: A modular lens system for use with a camera system and connected therewith. The lens system including modular sections configured to include one or more lenses and/or an aperture. The one or more lenses are controlled by one or more motors to enhance focus, softness, and/or size and other optical characteristics.

Abstract: There is provided a camera that includes a body-side mount. The body-side mount includes a first reference plane, has a first flange back distance from the first reference plane to an imaging plane, and allows an adapter to be mounted on the first reference plane. The adapter includes a second reference plane, and has a second flange back distance from the second reference plane to the imaging plane. The second flange back distance is shorter than the first flange back distance.

Abstract: An autofocus camera is provided which restrains and corrects any tilt that may occur in the optical axis direction without the need of providing any additional new sensors for that purpose. The autofocus camera includes an image sensor for receiving light from an object and converting the light into corresponding electrical signals, a lens driving device having a lens for focusing the light from the object upon said image sensor, and a control portion for causing said lens driving device to adjust any tilt that may occur in the optical axis in response to the electrical signals received from said image sensor. The control portion is operated to cause the lens driving device to adjust any tilts of the optical axis with respect to the image sensor in the orthogonal directions with each other, so that the resolution signals at the predetermined positions of said image sensor can be maximized.

Abstract: A camera module includes a coil member, a magnet member, and a sensor member. The coil member is positioned on a first surface of a fixed unit. The magnet member is positioned on a movable unit and facing the coil member. The sensor member is positioned on a second surface of the fixed unit and configured to sense a position of the movable unit.

Abstract: A telecommunication unit which ensures high reliability of electric connection with a simple structure and enables satisfactory communication between an apparatus main body of an image pickup apparatus and an interchangeable lens. A first electric connecting unit has contact portions that are electrically connected to the interchangeable lens when the interchangeable lens is mounted on the lens adapter. A second electric connecting unit has contact portions that are electrically connected to the apparatus main body when the lens adapter is fixed to the apparatus main body. The contact portions of the first electric connecting unit are arranged in the form of an arc with an optical axis of the interchangeable lens at its center. The contact portions of the second electric connecting unit are arranged in a linear fashion in a width direction of the apparatus main body perpendicular to the optical axis of the interchangeable lens.

Abstract: A Dual-Side Illumination (DSI) image sensor chip includes a first image sensor chip configured to sense light from a first direction, and a second image sensor chip aligned to, and bonded to, the first image sensor chip. The second image sensor chip is configured to sense light from a second direction opposite the first direction.

Abstract: A lens module includes a lens barrel, and a lens group received by the lens barrel. The lens barrel includes an first supporter, a second supporter extending vertically from the first supporter, and a receiving space formed by those supporters, the first supporter having a light aperture, the second supporter having an inner surface facing the receiving space. The lens group includes a first lens abutting against the inner surface of the second supporter, a second lens stacked on the first lens and abutting against the inner surface of the second supporter, a third lens stacked on the second lens and abutting against the inner surface of the second supporter, and a fourth lens stacked on the third lens and abutting against the inner surface of the second supporter, for ensuring the concentricity among the lenses and keeping the lens group coaxial with the lens barrel.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes a first drive mechanism which rotates a cam ring to move a cam-driven lens frame, holding a lens group, in accordance with a cam groove; a second drive mechanism which screw-engages a nut with a feed screw, biases a nut-driven lens frame to abut the nut, and moves the nut-driven lens frame. The cam-driven lens frame is positioned adjacent to the nut-driven lens frame on a reverse side to the biasing direction, and driving ranges of these lens frames partially overlap each other. The first drive mechanism includes a cam-driven member, separate from the cam-driven lens frame, which is linearly guided and provided with a cam follower which engages with the cam groove of the cam ring; and a biasing member which biases the cam-driven lens frame to abut against the cam-drive member, so that the cam-driven lens frame moves with the cam-driven member.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a first magnetic core and a first coil wound around the first magnetic core, a second magnetic core and a second coil wound around the second magnetic core, an imaging element provided between the first coil and the second coil, and a magnetic member, wherein the magnetic member includes a first magnetic portion arranged between the first coil and one surface serving as a light-receiving surface side of the imaging element, a second magnetic portion arranged between the second coil and the other surface side opposite to the light-receiving surface side of the imaging element, and a third magnetic portion which connects the first magnetic portion and the second magnetic portion, and wherein the first magnetic portion is arranged so as to face the first magnetic core, and/or the second magnetic portion is arranged so as to face the second magnetic core.

Abstract: An exchangeable lens includes: a mount unit at which a camera body is detachably engaged; a plurality of drive target members, conditions of which change as a drive force is applied thereto; an initialization unit that executes initialization processing for each of the plurality of drive target members; an initialization status transmission unit that transmits initialization statuses, each indicating a status of the initialization processing executed for one of the drive target members, to the camera body via a first transmission path over predetermined first cycles; and a drive condition transmission unit that transmits a drive condition of at least one drive target member among the plurality of drive target members to the camera body via a second transmission path different from the first transmission path over predetermined second cycles different from the predetermined first cycles.

Abstract: An optical unit with a shake correcting function may include a fixed body, a movable body holding an optical element, a swing support point supporting the movable body at a position between a rear end portion of the movable body and the fixed body so that the movable body is swingable, a plate-shaped spring member connected with the fixed body and the movable body on a front side for urging the movable body toward the swing support point, a shake correction drive mechanism for swinging the movable body on the front side, and a stopper mechanism in which a protruded part protruded from one of the fixed body and the movable body is capable of abutting with the other between the shake correction drive mechanism and the swing support point for determining a movable range when the movable body is displaced in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction.

Abstract: A lens driver with camera shake reducing function, in which the spring member is easily mountable, and the spring member does not undergo a plastic deformation.

Abstract: A device can have an outer frame and an actuator. The actuator can have a movable frame and a fixed frame. At least one torsional flexure and at least one hinge flexure can cooperate to provide comparatively high lateral stiffness between the outer frame and the movable frame and can cooperate to provide comparatively low rotational stiffness between the outer frame and the movable frame.

Abstract: The invention speeds up operation of an interchangeable lens. The interchangeable lens, which is removably mounted on a camera body, includes a communication control microcomputer, a lens driving circuit and a lens driving actuator. A body-side microcomputer and the communication control microcomputer of the interchangeable lens are connected and are capable of communicating with each other. Lines are provided in such a manner that the lens driving circuit and body-side microcomputer can communicate directly. A command from the body-side microcomputer is input to the lens driving circuit. This allows the lens driving circuit to be controlled directly and makes it possible to control the interchangeable lens at high speed.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus that is capable of dissipating heat generated by an image pickup device efficiently, even when a small image pickup device that has electrode pads on almost all the back face is used. The image pickup apparatus has a lens assembly. An image pickup device photoelectrically converts subject light that is incident on the lens assembly. The image pickup device is implemented at one side of a device substrate. A heat dissipation section that dissipates heat generated by the image pickup device is provided at the other side of the device substrate. A heat dissipation sheet is thermally connected to the heat dissipation section at one end, and is thermally connected to an exterior of an apparatus body at the other end.

Abstract: In a camera system, a lens CPU controls the operation of an interchangeable lens at a control instruction from a camera body. In the camera body, a subject formed on an imaging element by using the interchangeable lens is photographed at a specified frame rate and image data is generated. A camera body communication circuit transmits a timing signal in accordance with the frame rate to the lens CPU through a main body CPU. The main body CPU acquires lens characteristic data stored in non-volatile memory by a communication with the lens CPU, determines the transmission period of the timing signal according to the acquired lens characteristic data, and controls the camera body communication circuit on the basis of the determined transmission period.

Abstract: An exchangeable lens includes: a mount unit at which a camera body is detachably engaged; a plurality of drive target members, conditions of which change as a drive force is applied thereto; an initialization unit that executes initialization processing for each of the plurality of drive target members; an initialization status transmission unit that transmits initialization statuses, each indicating a status of the initialization processing executed for one of the drive target members, to the camera body via a first transmission path over predetermined first cycles; and a drive condition transmission unit that transmits a drive condition of at least one drive target member among the plurality of drive target members to the camera body via a second transmission path different from the first transmission path over predetermined second cycles different from the predetermined first cycles.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image sensor package and an image sensor module having the same. A diffusion resistor is provided on a circuit board for preventing liquid drop diffusion when the liquid drop is compressed. An image sensor chip is mounted on the circuit board such that a central portion of the image sensor chip is positioned on the diffusion resistor of the circuit board. A bonding member is interposed between the circuit board and the image sensor chip around the diffusion resistor such that a bonding area of the image sensor chip is smaller than a surface area of a bonding face of the image sensor chip. Warpage characteristics of the image sensor package are improved by the diffusion resistor.

Abstract: A camera module including a die having a top side and a bottom side, an image sensor is positioned on the top side of the die and a conductive via is formed through the die to provide an electrical connection between the top side and the bottom side; an overmold casing formed around the die; and a lens holder assembly attached to the top side of the die and the overmold casing. A method of producing a camera module including providing an image sensor die that is overmolded within a casing, the image sensor die having a top side and a bottom side, wherein an image sensor is positioned on the top side and a conductive via is formed through the image sensor die from the top side to the bottom side; and attaching a lens holder to the top side of the image sensor die.

Abstract: An autofocus camera is provided which restrains and corrects any tilt that may occur in the optical axis direction without the need of providing any additional new sensors for that purpose. The autofocus camera includes an image sensor for receiving light from an object and converting the light into corresponding electrical signals, a lens driving device having a lens for focusing the light from the object upon said image sensor, and a control portion for causing said lens driving device to adjust any tilt that may occur in the optical axis in response to the electrical signals received from said image sensor. The control portion is operated to cause the lens driving device to adjust any tilts of the optical axis with respect to the image sensor in the orthogonal directions with each other, so that the resolution signals at the predetermined positions of said image sensor can be maximized.

Abstract: A VCM (Voice Coil Motor) is disclosed, the VCM including an auto focus module vertically moving a lens and having terminals exposed to an outer surface, a fixation member coupled to the outer surface of the auto focus module to expose the terminals, a handshake correction module including a first driving unit coupled to an outer surface of the fixation member and a second driving unit opposite to the first driving unit, a connection member connecting an upper end of the auto focus module to an upper end of the handshake correction module, and a flexible circuit board connected to the terminals and the second driving unit to apply a driving signal to the first and second driving units.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of a camera module are proposed, the camera module being such that a terminal formed at a holder is inserted into a through hole or a groove of a substrate in a case the substrate and the holder are coupled, to allow the terminal and the holder to be electrically connected.

Abstract: A method for black coating camera cubes at wafer level includes expanding the gap between individual diced camera cubes of the wafer by stretching tape securing the diced camera cubes. The method includes applying a black coating layer to the stretched camera cubes, laser trimming undesired portions of the black coating layer, and removing the undesired portions of the black coating layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a camera module including a fixture; a moving part centrally coupled with a lens and arranged to move relative to the fixture; three or more magnets arranged at a periphery of the moving part; and three or more coils arranged from an inner surface of the fixture to areas opposite to the three or more magnets, where each of the coils independently receives a control signal so that the moving part moves to a height direction and tilted relative to a central axis of the moving part, whereby a lens can be axially moved and tilted at the same time using arrangement of a single set of coils and magnets.

Abstract: An optical device, such as a lens or a light quantity adjusting member, can avoid an increase in its size and also reduce the start-up time without damaging its components. An extracting section, a convex section, and a concave section are formed in a fixing member side by side in an optical axis direction. A flexible board is extracted from the extracting section. The convex section located on the extracting section projects to an inner diameter side from the extracting section. The concave section located on the convex section is recessed to an outer diameter side of the extracting section. While the optical device shifts into an accommodated state, the flexible board contacts a part of the convex section, a first bending portion of the flexible board projects to an inner diameter side thereof, and a second bending portion of the flexible board is accommodated in the concave section.

Abstract: A camera module according to the embodiment includes a housing; a lens barrel disposed in the housing to receive a lens; and an elastic member connecting the housing to the lens barrel, and comprising a first elastic part and a second elastic part bent from the first elastic part to have a height from a plane perpendicular to an optical axis of the lens, which is different from a height of the first elastic part. Therefore, the camera module may automatically correct a shake and may adjust a focus.

Abstract: A camera module is disclosed, the camera module including a lens barrel including more than one sheet of lens receiving an optical image of an object, an actuator moving the lens barrel, a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) formed with an image sensor at a bottom surface of the lens barrel for converting the optical image to an electrical signal, and a holder for supporting the lens barrel and the actuator and formed with a terminal electrically connected to the actuator, wherein an electrical contact point between the actuator and the terminal is formed with two or more tiers of coated layers.

Abstract: An imaging unit comprises a mount unit, an imaging element unit, a plurality of elastic members and adjustment screws, and a filler member. The imaging element unit is disposed so that a gap is present with respect to the mount unit. The elastic members are disposed in a compressed state between the mount unit and the imaging element unit. The adjustment screws are disposed so as to be coaxial with respect to each of the elastic members and are mounted to at least one of the mount unit and the imaging element unit. The filler member is disposed so as to be coaxial with respect to at least one set comprising an elastic member and an adjustment screw, and, as the adjustment screw is tightened, the filler member is sandwiched and compressed between the mount unit and the imaging element unit.

Abstract: A conversion adapter apparatus is provided that connects a camera body and an interchangeable lens. The conversion adapter apparatus includes a camera body side installation portion to receive a camera body, a lens side installation portion to receive an interchangeable lens, and a first communication contact group provided on the camera body side installation portion and connected to a communication contact group. The conversion adapter apparatus additionally includes a second communication contact group provided on the lens side installation portion and connected to the communication contact group and a conductive member that electrically connects the first communication contact group and the second communication contact group. A position of the first communication contact group around a camera optical axis and a position of the second communication contact group around the camera optical axis are different from each other.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides an interchangeable lens camera having a camera body and a lens unit that is freely attachable and detachable to the camera body. In the interchangeable lens camera, a communications unit in the camera body sends via communications terminals (MT_MOSI and MT_MISO) an INTR_BUSY control instruction that instructs whether to make notification with a busy signal (INTR_BUSY signal) for any operation out of a plurality of types of operations that can be executed, and the lens unit or camera body communications unit sets the busy signal (INTR_BUSY) to an ON state (low level) only during the period of operation of the type indicated by the INTR_BUSY control instruction.

Abstract: An exchangeable lens includes: a mount unit at which a camera body is detachably engaged; a plurality of drive target members, conditions of which change as a drive force is applied thereto; an initialization unit that executes initialization processing for each of the plurality of drive target members; an initialization status transmission unit that transmits initialization statuses, each indicating a status of the initialization processing executed for one of the drive target members, to the camera body via a first transmission path over predetermined first cycles; and a drive condition transmission unit that transmits a drive condition of at least one drive target member among the plurality of drive target members to the camera body via a second transmission path different from the first transmission path over predetermined second cycles different from the predetermined first cycles.

Abstract: A camera module with a lens barrel containing a lens, and a lens carrier that slidably receives the lens barrel. Each of the exterior surface of the lens barrel and the interior surface of the lens carrier include a seating surface formed thereon. One of the exterior surface of the lens barrel and the interior surface of the lens carrier include a plurality of protrusions for controlling the relative position of the lens barrel and the lens carrier. The other of the exterior surface of the lens barrel and the interior surface of the lens carrier include a plurality of channels that are sized and arranged so as to slidably receive the protrusions to allow for the lens barrel to be slid into the lens carrier. The channels also each include a transverse section to allow the lens barrel to be pivoted about an optical axis of the lens barrel.

Abstract: A camera system according to the present invention, comprising: an interchangeable lens comprising: a zoom position detecting section configured to detect a zoom position corresponding to a focal length of the photographing optical system; and a lens control section configured to input the zoom position and transmit it to the camera body, and a camera body comprising: a body control section configured to communicate with the lens control section, a focus detecting section configured to detect an in-focus position of a focus lens included in the photographing optical system, and a zoom position memory section configured to memorize the zoom position which is transmitted from the lens control section and received by the body control section, wherein when transmitting the in-focus position to the lens control section, the body control section transmits the memory zoom position memorized in the zoom position memory section to the lens control section.

Abstract: A polymer composition for use in a compact camera module (“CCM”) is provided that contains a blend of a liquid crystalline polymer and polyarylene sulfide. Through selective control over the particular type and relative concentration of such polymers, the present inventor has discovered that the resulting composition can exhibit good adhesion to dissimilar components of a camera module, such as to an optical filter.

Abstract: A device may comprise an upper module cover, a lower module cover, an outer frame, and an actuator having a movable frame. The movable frame may be at least partially disposed intermediate the upper module cover and the lower module cover. A hinge flexure may interconnect the outer frame and the movable frame such that the movable frame is rotatable with respect to the outer frame. The upper module cover and/or the lower module cover may be adapted to limit a movement of the movable frame.

Abstract: A method for making an actuator includes forming a substantially planar actuator device of an electrically conductive material, the device incorporating an outer frame, a fixed frame attached to the outer frame, a moveable frame disposed parallel to the fixed frame, a motion control flexure coupling the moveable frame to the outer frame for coplanar, rectilinear movement relative to the outer frame and the fixed frame, an actuator incorporating a plurality of interdigitated teeth, a fixed portion of which is attached to the fixed frame and a moving portion of which is attached to the moveable frame, moving the moveable frame to a deployed position that is coplanar with, parallel to and spaced a selected distance apart from the fixed frame, and fixing the moveable frame at the deployed position for substantially rectilinear, perpendicular movement relative to the fixed frame.

Abstract: A main CPU (a mounting determination part) in a camera body makes a determination by detecting voltage, at a lens detection terminal, n1 consecutive times at time intervals of dl, at the time of turning on a power supply with a power switch. After a result of the determination turns out to be non-mounting, the main CPU makes a determination by detecting voltage, at the lens detection terminal, n2 consecutive times at time intervals of d2 (where n2 and d2 are equal to or greater than to n1 and d1, respectively) on condition that any one of conditional expressions d1<d2 and n1<n2 is met.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes a lens mount, a fixed frame, and a movable frame. The lens mount includes an attachment part to which the fixed frame is attached, and a recessed part which is adjacent to the attachment part and is recessed toward the camera body, and into which an end part of the movable frame enters at least when the movable frame is positioned closest to the lens mount. Part of the attachment part close to the camera body has a tapered surface inclined relative to the optical axis. A counterbore in which a screw for attaching the fixed frame to the attachment part is disposed is formed at the tapered surface. Due to the tapered surface, part of the lens mount where the attachment part is formed has a thickness greater than that of another part of the lens mount where the recessed part is formed.

Abstract: An adapter includes: a first mount section that is detachably attached to a camera body; a second mount section that is provided separately from the first mount section and is detachably attached to an interchangeable lens; and a power supply section that generates supply voltages of a third power supply system and a fourth power supply system, which are to be fed to the interchangeable lens mounted on the second mount section, from a second power supply system between a first power supply system of the camera body, which is mounted on the first mount section, and the second power supply system which is different from the first power supply system.