Abstract: A diverged beam optical transmitter is provided that includes a laser source configured to emit a light beam, and one or more lenses. The diverged beam optical transmitter also includes a diffuser placed between the laser source and the one or more lenses, and configured to increase an intrinsic divergence of the light beam and to fill some portion of the one or more lenses such that the light beam is eye safe after the one or more lenses.

Abstract: Disclosed are a many-to-many laser communication networking device and a method. The device includes: an optical field array control module, a transceiver lens array module, an array phase detection module, an array characteristic splitting module, a beam switching array module and a signal transmission module. The optical field array control module is configured to receive a plurality of beams of laser light with different angles, and adjust the corresponding angle of the laser. The transceiver lens array module is configured to convert the angle-adjusted laser into beams of second optical fiber light. The array characteristic splitting module is configured to analyze the second optical fiber light to obtain the second characteristic information. The beam switching array module is configured to control the second optical fiber light to be demodulated into baseband signals via a first path or to be forwarded via a second path according to the second characteristic information.

Abstract: In a method for a data transmission between first and second modules, and a system having mobile parts for performing the method: the time bases of the first and second modules are synchronized; transmitters of the first module emit a light signal pulse individually one after the other and/or in numbered order in a respective time range; the particular receiver of the second module at which the strongest receive signal occurs is determined, the particular time range and/or the number of the particular time range being determined in which the strongest receive signal occurs; the determined time range and/or the determined number is/are transmitted from the second module to the first module; and the transmitter of the first module associated with the determined time range and/or to the determined number is determined and used for the subsequent data transmission from the first module to the second module.

Abstract: A system to communicate via modulated optical signals of the Li-Fi signal type to transmit data to and from a plurality of defined privileged spaces. The communicating system includes a plurality of first light sources, each first light source emitting, in the infrared, a first modulated optical signal. A plurality of optical fibers, each optical fiber guiding the first modulated optical signal from a single first light source in the direction of an optical interface. The optical interface transmitting the first modulated optical signal into a defined privileged space. Each optical fiber also transporting a second modulated optical signal from the associated defined privileged space in the direction of a device configured to acquire the second modulated optical signal.

Abstract: A system comprising: a plurality of first devices, each configured to transmit a low-frequency, LF, light signal comprising an identifier of the respective first device, and to transmit and/or receive a high-frequency, HF, light signal comprising data content; and a second device configured to receive a LF light signal from each of the first devices, and to transmit and/or receive a HF light signal from at least one first device, wherein the second device has an adaptable receiving and/or transmitting direction for respectively receiving and/or transmitting the HF light signal, and wherein the second device comprises a controller configured to: based on the identifiers encoded in the LF light signals, determine a position of the second device relative to the first devices and select a first device; and based on the determination, adapt the receiving and/or transmitting direction toward the selected first device.

Abstract: A three-level encoding transmitter is disclosed in which a transmitter circuit is configured to receive an input data signal including binary data and transmit an encoded data signal. The transmitter circuit can include an inverter circuit configured transmit first and second voltages for each logical level of the binary data. A transmission control circuit can cause the inverter circuit to transmit the voltages or deactivate the inverter circuit based on a first control signal. The transmitter circuit can further include an idle circuit configured to transmit an idle voltage between the first and second voltages when there is no data transmission. The idle circuit may transmit the idle voltage based on a second control signal. The first and second control signals may be configured to only be active when the other is inactive.

Abstract: An optical communication system that includes terminals that operate with different, widely separated wavelengths in which a terminal in the system may be configured to function in both a first operational mode and in a second operational mode. For example, a terminal according to the techniques of this disclosure may communicate with full duplex communication by transmitting a first optical wavelength and receiving a second optical wavelength while in the first operational mode. The same terminal may be reconfigured to transmit the second optical wavelength and receive the first optical wavelength while in the second operational mode. In some examples, the terminal may be located in a spacecraft, such as an orbiting satellite or other vehicle, and may communicate with other terminals such as airborne terminals, terminals located at ground station on the Earth's surface, or with terminals located in other spacecraft.

Abstract: A communications system may include a transmitter node, a receiver node, and an optical communications channel coupling the transmitter node and receiver node. The transmitter node may include a pulse transmitter and a pulse divider downstream therefrom. The receiver node may include a pulse recombiner and a pulse receiver downstream therefrom.

Abstract: An optical communications system including two communications terminals in communication with each other using optical signals having the same wavelength. Both terminals include a half-wave plate polarizer for rotating linearly polarized optical signals and a quarter-wave plate polarizer for circularly polarizing the optical signals. The quarter-wave plate polarizers are oriented 90° relative to each other so that circularly polarized optical signals sent from one terminal to the other terminal are linearly polarized 90° relative to a transmission polarization orientation to be separable from the transmitted optical signals by a beam splitter.

Abstract: A method for optical communication between first and second transceivers over a channel in a free-space medium involves receiving a binary string of uniformly distributed bits and converting them into probabilistically-shaped unipolar M-pulse amplitude modulated (M-PAM) symbols using distribution matching. The probabilistically-shaped unipolar M-PAM symbols are mapped into a binary bit stream, which are used to generate, at a forward error correction rate, parity bits. The parity bits are mapped to uniformly-distributed unipolar M-PAM parity symbols. The probabilistically-shaped unipolar M-PAM symbols and the uniformly-distributed unipolar M-PAM parity symbols are multiplexed to form a codeword that is used to modulate the intensity of a laser so as to transmit the codeword.

Abstract: A local free space optical (FSO) terminal senses an external environment that includes at least two beacons transmitted from a remote FSO terminal. The local terminal is configured to sense the beacons at a frame rate. Each beacon comprises a pulse train with pulses that are transmitted at a pulse rate. The pulse trains are temporally offset relative to each other so that pulses from at least one of the pulse trains do not fall across frame boundaries during sensing, regardless of a temporal location of the frame boundaries. In addition to detecting the at least two beacons, the local terminal is configured to identity the beacon that contains pulses that do not fall across the frame boundaries, and adjust its orientation based on the identified beacon.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes power transmission circuitry, and detection circuitry. The power transmission circuitry transmits power by an electromagnetic wave with a first frequency band. The detection circuitry receives a reception signal and performs carrier sense with a second frequency band different from the first frequency band. The detection circuitry includes interference avoidance circuitry that eliminates a signal having a third frequency band which is a part of the second frequency band from the reception signal.

Abstract: A method and system for regenerating free space optical (FSO) signal pulses over free space optical (FSO) links. The FSO signal pulses are received over a first FSO link by a receiver telescope. The FSO signal pulses are split into a first part and a second part. The first part of the FSO signal pulses is converted to an electrical signal. The electrical signal is low pass filtered, amplified, and inverted to generate a negative electric voltage. The amplitude of the second part of the FSO signal pulses is attenuated by an optical absorber based on the negative electric voltage, thus regenerating the FSO signal pulses. The regenerated FSO signal pulses are amplified and bandpass filtered. The amplified and filtered regenerated FSO signal pulses are transmitted on a second FSO link.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for WiGig computing are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system may include a wearable computing device having a computer processor, a first WiGig interface, and a sensor that senses whether the wearable computing device is being worn by a user. The sensor either enables the WiGig interface when it senses that the wearable computing device is being worn, or disables the WiGig interface when it senses that the wearable computing device is not being worn. The system may also include a display device having a display, a second WiGig interface, and a human interface device that receives a human input. The wearable computing device transmits display data to the display device using a WiGig communication network, and receives human input data from the display device using the WiGig communication network so that the wearable computing device functions as a central processing unit for the display device.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods, apparatus and computer-readable media for synchronization over an optical network. A method comprises: receiving, from a client, a request to initiate a synchronization service for a client node coupled to the optical communication network; and, in response to the request, establishing a synchronization service to the client node via a virtual synchronization network utilizing the optical communication network. The synchronization service utilizes a bidirectional optical channel established via the optical communication network for the transmission of synchronization data for the client.

Abstract: The disclosed systems, apparatuses and methods are directed to controlling a difference between a first center frequency of a first optical subcarrier and a second center frequency of a second optical subcarrier of an optical super-channel signal in an optical network. The method comprises modulating the first optical subcarrier at a first optical side component frequency with a first side modulation frequency and modulating the second optical subcarrier at a second optical side component frequency with a second side modulation frequency. The method further comprises detecting a radio-frequency (RF) power at a modulated beat frequency tone in the modified optical signal.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an optical module, the optical module including an optical element including a light emitting surface, an external electrode being disposed, out of a first region and a second region obtained by dividing the light emitting surface substantially in half, only in the first region, a wiring board including a first main surface where the optical element and a bonding electrode are disposed, a bonding wire connecting the external electrode and the bonding electrode to each other, a ferrule into which the optical fiber is inserted, a frame including an upper plate where the ferrule is disposed, including a side plate fixed to the first main surface, including an inner section housing the optical element and a side surface including an opening, and a transparent resin disposed in the inner section, wherein the upper plate is inclined at a predetermined inclination angle to the first main surface.

Abstract: A transmitting device is disclosed. A lighting device changes a first characteristic and a second characteristic of light to be emitted along time series. A processor controls, in a period having a first time length, the lighting device to modulate the first characteristic of the light from the lighting device in the time series in accordance with a light emission pattern having a waveform according to information to be transmitted and having the first time length. The processor controls the lighting device to perform pulse modulation with a pulse pattern having a second time length shorter than the first time length for the second characteristic in accordance with the information. The processor sets peak and bottom values of the second characteristic of each pulse included in a subsection, for an average of the second characteristic to be a value maintaining the waveform of the light emission pattern.

Abstract: The method includes obtaining, using a face camera of a smart phone, identification information from a ceiling light of a facility with visible light communication, and obtaining location information of the ceiling light related to the identification information. The method also includes displaying a location related to the location information of the ceiling light on a map of the facility on a display of the smart phone. The smart phone is set on a cart in a state that the face camera is directed to a ceiling of the facility on which the ceiling light is attached, and the face camera is a CMOS sensor and the CMOS sensor is used only for the visible light communication.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided, which may include a biometric module, a processing module and a light transmission module. The biometric module may recognize a biological feature, and convert the biological feature into a biological feature signal via an analysis algorithm. The processing module may encrypt an international mobile equipment identity number of the electronic device and the biological feature signal to generate an encrypted signal, and convert the encrypted signal into a visible light signal. The light transmission module may transmit the visible light signal to a controlled device.

Abstract: A data communication system has: a cabin module with a transmission and reception unit; and a furniture module, which is fastened in a furniture item anchored in a cabin, and has a transmission and reception unit. The transmission and reception units each have a controllable light source and a light sensor. The furniture module is disposed relative to the cabin module such that light emanating from the light source of the transmission and reception unit of the cabin module is detectable by the light sensor of the transmission and reception unit of the furniture module and light emanating from the light source of the transmission and reception unit of the furniture module is detectable by the light sensor of the transmission and reception unit the one cabin module.

Abstract: A method and system. A first computer device sends to a second computer device, via a broadcast or multicast communication, an event notification of a notifiable management event, The first computer device may connect to a management network via only a first network switch, wherein the first computer device is unable to notify a management device of the notifiable management event via the management network because the first computer device is unable to connect to the management network via the first network switch. The first computer device receives, from the second computer device via a first unicast communication, an acknowledgment of the event notification, wherein the second computer device is able to connect to the management network via the second network switch. The broadcast or multicast communication and the first unicast communication each use a short-range wireless communications technology comprising visible light communication or data-over-audio communication.

Abstract: A system for locating an asset can include a first visible light communication (VLC) device having a first controller, a first transceiver, and a first light source, where the first transceiver has a first range, where the first controller broadcasts, using the first transceiver, a first communication signal, where the first communication signal comprises an identification of the asset. The system can also include an asset communication device associated with the asset, where the asset communication device includes a second transceiver and a second controller, where the second transceiver has a second range, where the asset communication device is within the first range, where the second controller broadcasts, using the second transceiver, a second communication signal in response to the first communication signal, where the second communication signal comprises the identification of the asset.

Abstract: Systems and methods for physical authentication of medical devices during wireless pairing are disclosed herein. The method can include receiving a request to initiate coupling. Following the request, a visual identifier can be generated with a light source. The visual identifier can include embedded data used to couple the medical devices. The visual identifier can be captured in image data, which image data can be analyzed and the embedded data can be extracted from the image data. Based on the embedded data that is extracted from the image data, secure coupling between medical devices can be established.

Abstract: A synchronous rectification device is adapted to control a conversion circuit, where he conversion circuit includes: a primary side coil, configured to receive input power; and a secondary side coil, configured to generate inductive power in response to the input power. The synchronous rectification device includes: a first control circuit, configured to provide a first control signal to control the primary side coil; a secondary side switch, configured to generate an ON signal and an OFF signal according to the inductive power; an isolation coupling element; and a second control circuit. The isolation coupling element includes: a receiving side, configured to receive the first control signal; and a reaction side, configured to generate a coupling signal in response to the first control signal. The second control circuit outputs a second control signal according to the coupling signal, the ON signal, and the OFF signal to adjust the inductive power.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for dynamically configuring an image sensor of a mobile device for visible light communication (VLC) to an operational mode based on the position of the image of a VLC source on the image sensor and the different regions of interest (ROIs) of different operational modes of the image sensor. The operational mode that the image sensor is configured to has the smallest ROI among ROIs of operational modes that include at least a portion of the image of the VLC source on the image sensor. Techniques disclosed herein can reduce the power consumption of the mobile device during VLC communication and improve the effective sampling rate of VLC signals by the image sensor.

Abstract: A system comprises an explosion proof device and an intrinsically safe device. The explosion proof device is coupled to a power supply. The intrinsically safe device includes a user interface. The explosion proof device is configured to induce inductive coupling with the intrinsically safe device. The inductive coupling between the explosion proof device and the intrinsically safe device enables the transfer of power from the explosion proof device to the user interface of the intrinsically safe device. The inductive coupling can additionally enable the transfer of data between the explosion proof device and the intrinsically safe device.

Abstract: A method of allocating transmission time slots in an optical wireless system. Resources are allocated taking account of asymmetry of interference diagrams on uplink and downlink and adopting reuse of transmission intervals for each channel, in areas in which there is no interference. In some embodiments, the allocation method allows for relaying between access points through the network to take account of the fact that the access point providing the best uplink (or downlink) can be distinct from the access point associated with the terminal.

Abstract: A hybrid optical-RF device, called a “stamp cell” herein, may be a small, passive repeating device that is designed to be placed close to User Equipment (UE) such that the UE only needs to reach a few meters using high frequency RF signals. The stamp cell may directly convert the received RF signal to an optical signal which may be transmitted to an optical receiver mounted on a traditional cell tower. Similarly, in the downlink direction, the stamp cell may receive optical signals from the cell tower and convert the optical signals to high frequency RF signals, which may be received by the UE.

Abstract: A method includes setting an exposure time of an image sensor included in a terminal device so that, in an image obtained by capturing a subject by the image sensor, a bright line corresponding to each of a plurality of exposure lines included in the image sensor appears according to a change in luminance of the subject. The method also includes obtaining a bright line image, including a plurality of bright lines, by capturing the subject, obtaining identification information of the subject, and obtaining an angle of light of the subject. The method further includes calculating a distance between the terminal device and the subject using the angle, obtaining a position of the subject that is specified by the identification information, and calculating a position of the terminal device using the distance and the position of the subject.

Abstract: A wide-field telescope and focal plane array (FPA) that look at Earth and satellites in low- and medium-Earth orbit (LEO and MEO) from a satellite in higher orbit, such as geostationary Earth orbit (GEO), can serve as a node in an on-demand, optical multiple access (OMA) communications network. The FPA receives asynchronous low-rate signals from LEO and MEO satellites and ground stations at a signal rate determined in part by the FPA frame rate (e.g., kHz to MHz). A controller tracks the low-rate signals across the FPA as the signal sources orbit Earth. The node also includes one or more transmitters that relay the received information to other nodes via wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) free-space optical signals. These other signals may include low-rate telemetry communications, burst transmissions, and continuous data relay links.

Abstract: A bidirectional data communications cable is disclosed. The cable includes first connector, second connector, and cable housing coupled to the first and second connectors. The first connector includes a controller configured to determine whether the first connector is connected to a data source or data sink. If connected to a data source, the controller configures a switch circuit to route a data signal from the data source to an optical modulator for modulating an optical signal for transmission from the first to the second connector via an optical fiber. If connected to a data sink, the controller configures the switch circuit to route a data signal from an optical demodulator to the data sink, the optical demodulator receiving an optical signal modulated with the data signal from the second connector via an optical fiber. The second connector is configured similar to the first connector. The cable housing encloses the optical fibers.

Abstract: Optical signal receivers and methods are provided that include an optical resonator that allows an optical signal to enter and optical signal energy to accumulate at regions inside the optical resonator. A portion of optical signal energy is emitted from among various regions of the optical resonator, such that a combination of the emitted optical signal energy is disturbed when a phase transition occurs in the received optical signal. A detector aligned with the output detects the combined emitted optical signal energy and is configured to detect the disturbance and determine a characteristic of the phase transition in the received optical signal based upon the disturbance.

Abstract: A data communication method enabling wireless sharing of files or data between electronic devices that can store information and/or generate information by means of touch surface (capacitive or multi-touch), display units (LCD, led, etc.), photo sensor and frame having negative electrical conductivity.

Abstract: Navigation system and method of determining a vehicle position A navigation system comprises an image sensor configured to capture image data. A map database comprises street lighting data which includes, for a plurality of street lights (41), position data indicating a position (31) at which a street light (41) is installed and height data indicating a height (34) at which a light source (42) of the street light (41) is located. A processing device is configured to refine a position estimate by analyzing the image data using the street lighting data.

Abstract: A worker management device that manages a worker wearing workwear includes: a main body; a light receiver that is provided on a part of the main body that is exposed when the main body is attached to the workwear, and receives light including predetermined identification information; a controller connected to the light receiver; and a communication unit connected to the controller.

Abstract: An example of a power and modulation circuit utilizes a very high frequency switching power converter to supply drive current power to cause a solid state light source to emit light. The power converter is configured to convert power from a power source to direct current to supply via the output to the light source, at least in part by a switching function of the power converter at a very high frequency rate. The circuit, in such an example, also includes a control circuit coupled to be responsive to input data and control operation of the power converter so that the current output to drive the light source modulates the light emitted from the light source to also carry the input data.

Abstract: A method includes receiving an optical signal through an optical link and determining a receiving power for the optical link. The method further includes comparing the receiving power for the optical link to a first receiving power threshold and transitioning a clock and data recovery circuit form a normal mode to a holdover mode when the receiving power is less than the first receiving power threshold. The clock and data recovery circuit, when operating in the holdover mode, configured to hold a recovered clock to a known-good clock frequency. When the receiving power for the optical link is greater than a second receiving power threshold, the method initiates a transition of the clock and data recovery circuit from the holdover mode to the normal mode and reacquires synchronization between the recovered clock and a current rate of the incoming data stream using the known-good clock frequency.

Abstract: A phase synchronized optical master-slave loop comprises at the slave-end a processor (105) configured to include a first timing signal into a bit stream to be transmitted to the master-end, detect a second timing signal from a bit stream received from the master-end, and calculate a phase difference between a regenerated phase signal and a reference phase signal on the basis of a transmission moment of the first timing signal, a first time-stamp indicating a reception moment of the first timing signal at the master-end, a reception moment of the second timing signal, and a second time-stamp indicating a transmission moment of the second timing signal from the master-end. The processor is configured to read the time stamps from the received bit stream that corresponds to a received light signal according to a reception line-code. Thus, conversion of data format is not necessary for the phase synchronization.

Abstract: Provided are a signal transmission method and apparatus. In the signal transmission method, a terminal device obtains a signal to be sent; and the terminal device sends the signal through a visible light medium, wherein after being demodulated, the signal sent through the visible light medium is carried on a power line for transmission. By virtue of the solution, the problem in related technologies regarding the integration of the visible light communication as a wireless access manner with the power line communication technology is solved, the construction of the communication network can be more convenient and faster, and the advantages of the visible light communication and the power line communication technology are fully utilized.

Abstract: Free space optics (FSO) is a wireless technology that utilizes optical frequencies. Previously available FSO transceivers are restricted to point-to-point links because of the high directivity of laser light used to transmit data. By contrast, various implementations disclosed herein include a multi-beam FSO apparatus that is less reliant on point-to-point links, and includes a lens assembly and a planar array of optical communication devices. The lens assembly includes at least one surface shaped to direct ingress light received substantially within a first angular range towards a focal plane, and to direct egress light away from the focal plane into the first angular range. The planar array includes a plurality of optical communication devices arranged in association with the focal plane of the lens assembly, wherein each of the plurality of optical communication devices characterizes at least one of a plurality of optical communication link endpoints.

Abstract: A satellite communication terminal may comprise an outdoor part and an indoor part. Either the indoor part or the outdoor part may comprise a modem configured for communicating with a hub of a satellite communication system via a satellite and the outdoor part of the terminal. Methods are presented for sending indications from the outdoor part of the terminal to the modem, for example, to provide a person that may be installing the terminal with some control over the flow of the installation process while remaining outside (e.g., in the vicinity of the outdoor part of the terminal). In some embodiments, such indications may be used for triggering cross-polarization measurements and/or providing more elaborate information to the person installing the terminal without the need to leave the outdoor part of the terminal.

Abstract: An example of a power and modulation circuit utilizes a very high frequency switching power converter to supply drive current power to cause a solid state light source to emit light. The power converter is configured to convert power from a power source to direct current to supply via the output to the light source, at least in part by a switching function of the power converter at a very high frequency rate. The circuit, in such an example, also includes a control circuit coupled to be responsive to input data and control operation of the power converter so that the current output to drive the light source modulates the light emitted from the light source to also carry the input data.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are provided where a request may be transmitted based on a first encoding scheme, and a response to the request may be transmitted based on a second encoding scheme different from the first encoding scheme. The second encoding scheme may comprise an edge-based pulse width modulation encoding scheme.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a processor and a recording medium having a program, the program causing the processor to execute operations. The operations include a normal mode and a visible light communication mode, wherein the normal mode and the visible light communication mode are switchable. In the normal mode, first image data is obtained by image capture with a first exposure time by sequentially starting exposure for a plurality of exposure lines in an image sensor each at a different time and each of the plurality of exposure lines partially overlaps in exposure time an adjacent exposure line. The visible light communication mode includes (i) setting a second exposure time of the image sensor, (ii) obtaining a bright line image including the plurality of bright lines, and (iii) obtaining information by demodulating data specified by a pattern of the plurality of bright lines included in the obtained bright line image.

Abstract: A graphene coated optic fiber is disclosed. An optic fiber core is encapsulated within a graphene capsule. An optic fiber having cladding layer encapsulated within a graphene capsule is also disclosed. The graphene capsule may comprise a single layer of graphene, bi-layer of graphene, or multiple layers of graphene. An optical circuit is disclosed that transmits ultraviolet light across an optic fiber encapsulated with graphene.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a transmission system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter includes a modulator configured to modulate transmission data at a chip rate to generate a modulation signal, and one or a plurality of light sources configured to emit visible light according to the modulation signal. The receiver includes a light receiver having one or more lines of light receiving elements to receive light in a first range including the visible light; and a demodulator configured to demodulate image data generated according to the light received by the light receiver to generate reception data corresponding to the transmission data. A following equation is satisfied ff<fm where fm is the chip rate, and ff is a frame rate of the light receiver.

Abstract: Provided is an information processing system that includes a server and a client device. The server stores identification information and associated content in memory, and transmits the identification information, using light that varies over time as a communication medium. The client device continuously senses and decodes the light varying in time into the identification information, transmits the decoded identification information to the server, receives content transmitted from the server in response to the transmission of identification information, and displays received content. A controller included in the client device detects an operation on the displayed content from an input device, and applies control to transmit process details according to the detection to the server. The server additionally executes the process details transmitted from the client device, and updates the content to content that includes the execution results.

Abstract: An LED light fixture includes one or more optical transceivers that have a light support having a plurality of light emitting diodes and one or more photodetectors attached thereto, and a processor in communication with the light emitting diodes and the one or more photodetectors. The processor is constructed and arranged to generate a communication or data transfer signal.

Abstract: A system for transmitting data using light includes a plurality of light sources configured to transmit light at non-overlapping wavelengths, processing electronics, and a diffuser configured to diffuse the transmission of light. The processing electronics assign the plurality of light sources to a plurality of channels, accept a data stream, allocate the data stream to the channels, and modulate a transmission of the light using the allocated data stream, where the allocated data used to modulate a first light source of the plurality of light sources is separate from the allocated data used to modulate a second light source of the plurality of light sources.