Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method, an apparatus, and a system for encoding and decoding a visible light signal. The encoding method includes the following steps: dividing to-be-transmitted data into a plurality of data units, where each data unit includes one or more bits; converting the data units into a plurality of electrical signal units, where for each electrical signal unit, the number of level transitions is used to represent the one or more bits of a corresponding data unit, and an interval indicated by a predetermined level exists between adjacent electrical signal units, where a level in each electrical signal unit has a first level duration, and the predetermined level between adjacent electrical signal units has a second level duration; combining the electrical signal units to obtain an encoded electrical signal; and transmitting the encoded electrical signal in a visible light signal form.

Abstract: The invention provides in-flight refueling systems with a communication sub-system available in radio silence operations including at least a first digital wireless data link comprising a first RF transceiver and a second RF transceiver coupled, respectively, to first and second antennas located in two points inside the boom or the hose of the refueling system or in RF communication with them and connected, respectively, to refueling control units in the tanker aircraft and in the free end of the refueling device by data buses allowing a digital communication between them.

Abstract: A visible light communication method includes: obtaining a first ID identifying an area in which a receiver is present; obtaining a second ID by the receiver through visible light communication; and obtaining information corresponding to a third ID which is a combination of the first ID and the second ID. For example, in the obtaining of a first ID, the first ID may be obtained by referring to a table showing correspondence between the first ID and location information obtained by the receiver and indicating a location of the receiver.

Abstract: A remote control microdisplay device that uses hand and head movement and voice commands to control the parameters of a field of view for the microdisplay within a larger virtual display area associated with a host application.

Abstract: A helmet-mounted or helmet-integrated combination personnel marker/identification light and active “Identification Friend or Foe” (IFF) includes infrared interrogation and response capabilities. The IFF function provides acquisition and processing of an incoming IR laser IFF interrogation and then sends one or more user-defined responses to the interrogator and/or the user/wearer. A photo sensor array is designed to detect and identify incoming infrared signals. The array is arranged to provide omni-directional, line-of-sight sensing over more than a full hemisphere. A detachable user feedback module comprised of a vibratory pad and cable provides a user/wearer alert when infrared interrogation has been detected. An operating status switch allows the user/wearer to confirm that the device is in an active mode.

Abstract: A marker system includes a controller with a plurality of emitters electrically interfaced to the controller such that, upon the controller initiating a flow of electric current though one or more of the emitters, the one or more of the emitters emit light. There is also at least one detector electrically interfaced to the controller. The detector(s) are for detecting light in of a specific wavelength and converting the light to an electrical signal that is then received by the controller. Software is stored on a non-transitory storage associated with the controller. The software monitors the at least one detector for an incoming IFF signal and the software initiating the flow of electric current through a selected set of the plurality of emitters responsive to receiving the incoming IFF signal from the at least one detector.

Abstract: Systems and methods reduce electromagnetic interference from high speed data carried by wired interconnects with a radio receiver for at least one protected radio frequency band. A spectral encoder changes the encoding of the high speed data to modify its frequency spectrum and reduce its spectral in the protected frequency band. The wired interconnect carries the spectrally encoded data to its destination, where it is spectrally decoded back to its original form. Spectral encoding may include polynomial scrambling. The data may be encoded with different coding parameters in parallel and the best result selected for communication over the wired interconnect. The coding parameters may be changed depending on which radio receivers and/or protected frequency bands are in use at any given time.

Abstract: An information communication method is provided that transmits a signal using a change in luminance. The information communication method includes determining a pattern of the change in luminance by modulating the signal to be transmitted, and transmitting the signal by a display, which is a light emitter, changing in luminance according to the determined pattern. Additionally, in the transmitting, a part of the display changes in luminance according to the pattern to display the image, the part emitting light with predetermined brightness or more.

Abstract: A laser relay module for free space optical communications including an optical telescope for receiving and transmitting optical beams; an optical diplexer for separating transmitting and received optical beams; an optical amplifier; a modulated beacon laser for line of sight control of a plurality of communicating remote network nodes; a beacon beam detector for detecting an incoming beacon optical beam for line of sight control of the optical telescope and receiving data from other network nodes; and means for inserting an output of the modulated beacon laser into the optical telescope for transmission to another network node, and for transporting the incoming beacon optical beam to the beacon detector.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus related to the detection of low-rate visible light communication (VLC) signals and the recovery of information communicated by the VLC signals are described. Various methods and apparatus are well suited for embodiments in which a device, e.g., a smartphone, including a camera which uses a rolling shutter. The rolling shutter facilitates the collection of different time snapshots of a received low rate time varying VLC signal with different pixel rows in the image sensor of a frame corresponding to different time snapshots. In some embodiments, demodulation is used to recover and identify a single tone being communicated in a frame from among a plurality of possible alternative tones that may be communicated, each different tone corresponding to a different set of information bits.

Abstract: A spatial light transmitter of a content supplying system stores ID information of its own and emits spatial light on which the ID information is superimposed from a light emitting portion. A spatial light receiver is used by being connected to a handheld terminal and receives spatial light emitted from the spatial light transmitter. When a user carries the handheld terminal and moves close to the spatial light transmitter, the spatial light receiver receives spatial light emitted from the spatial light transmitter, and ID information obtaining means of the spatial light receiver obtains the ID information which is superimposed on spatial light from a light receiving signal of the light receiving portion, thereby outputting the ID information to the handheld terminal. Alternatively, the ID information obtaining means of the handheld terminal obtains the ID information on the basis of the light receiving signal, and the handheld terminal reproduces the content selected on the basis of the ID information.

Abstract: A satellite test signal reflection apparatus for testing transmitters sending out optical signals, the apparatus includes a plate that is at least partially permeable to optical signals. The plate has a base with a first surface with a residual reflective coating and a second surface. The residual reflective coating is configured to split an optical beam, which penetrates the plate in a first direction from the first surface to the second surface, into a reflective optical beam and a transmitted optical beam.

Abstract: The present invention includes a light communication method and system wherein messages are transmitted via color code flashes. The light communication includes code colors that may be framed with calibration elements.

Abstract: The present invention includes a light communication method and system wherein messages are transmitted via color code flashes. The light communication includes code colors formed from error-corrected binary values that enhance the accuracy of the method and system.

Abstract: A method of registering a wireless device located in premises in a wireless network which is constructed in the premises. The method includes receiving a light signal, which includes network identification information of the wireless network constructed in the premises from at least one illumination device installed in the premises, and registering the wireless device in the wireless network constructed in the premises, by using the network identification information of the wireless network included in the received light signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a visible light communication system including a transmission device, including multiple light emitting units emitting light of different colors and mapping transmission data to a chromaticity point, calculating luminescence of each of the light emitting units, generating a preamble signal for channel matrix estimation, and emitting light based on the preamble signal and calculated luminescence amount. A reception device of the visible light communication system includes multiple light receiving units and estimates a channel matrix based on a corresponding optical signal when an optical signal corresponding to the preamble signal is received in each light receiving unit, compensates the optical signal corresponding to the chromaticity point for a propagation path based on the estimated channel matrix, detects a chromaticity point on the chromaticity coordinates based on a signal after the propagation path compensation, and demodulates the transmission data.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and devices are described for transmitting and receiving data using rateless visible light communication (VLC). A codeword having a plurality of symbols is identified. The codeword is repetitively transmitted in a VLC signal while, from one transmission of the codeword to a next transmission of the codeword, imparting changes in timings of the symbols of the codeword relative to a timing reference of an image capture frame of an image sensor configured to receive the codeword. A VLC signal including repetitions of a codeword is received. The codeword has a plurality of symbols. A determination is made regarding whether at least one symbol of the codeword is undetected in a repetition of the codeword. Upon determining that the at least one symbol is undetected in the repetition of the codeword, at least one other repetition of the codeword is searched to detect the at least one symbol.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method of detecting information transmitted by a light source in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor by detecting a frequency of light pulses produced by the light source. In some embodiments, the method includes capturing on the CMOS image sensor with a rolling shutter an image in which different portions of the CMOS image sensor are exposed at different points in time; detecting visible distortions that include alternating stripes in the image; measuring a width of the alternating stripes present in the image; and selecting a symbol based on the width of the alternating stripes present in the image to recover information encoded in the frequency of light pulses produced by the light source captured in the image.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for providing synchronized data by using visible light communication includes, receiving a synchronization channel from a mobile communication base station using a specific mobile communication network, by a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting; analyzing the received synchronization channel, and extracting a synchronization signal for synchronizing the LED lighting with at least one LED lighting adjacent to the LED lighting; selecting a specific time slot of the synchronization signal based on IDentifications (IDs) of the LED lightings; and including a data frame of the LED lighting in the specific time slot, and transmitting the specific time slot, which includes the data frame of the LED lighting, to a mobile terminal.

Abstract: A communication system and method are described for transmitting data from a display in a bit transmission data format to a machine vision system. The described system and method allows for the process and further application of a larger amount of data faster and more reliably than by use of the human readable data from the display. A standard LCD screen displays bit transmission data corresponding to human readable data, and transmits the bit transmission data to a machine vision system, such as by use of the camera on a smart phone. The captured bit transmission data is converted into a bit data stream for further processing, such as by use of an application in the smart phone, and can be stored in memory and/or transmitted to another system to provide useful human readable information. Faster transmission of a greater amount of data is realized including, in one aspect of the bit generation, data error and correction codes.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for generating an infrared signal on a mobile device. The infrared signal is generated on a mobile device by generating a bitstream based on information to be transmitted as an infrared signal. The bitstream is modulated and output on a bus to an infrared-emitting diode. The bitstream is processed in a software layer configured on the computing device, enabling the computing device to generate and process signals without additional hardware configured on the device.

Abstract: A free space optical communications link node 10 comprising transmitter apparatus 12 comprising a first optical transmitter 14, arranged to transmit high priority traffic on a first upstream optical signal having a first wavelength and at a first optical signal power, and a second optical transmitter 16 arranged to transmit low priority traffic on a second upstream optical signal having a second wavelength, different to the first wavelength, and at a second optical signal power. The node 10 further comprises receiver apparatus 18 comprising a first optical amplifier 20 arranged to receive and amplify a first downstream optical signal having a third wavelength and carrying high priority traffic and a second downstream optical signal having a fourth wavelength, different to the third wavelength, and carrying low priority traffic.

Abstract: An optical communication system, a transmitter, a receiver, and methods of operating the same are provided. In particular, a transmitter is disclosed as being configured to encode optical signals in accordance with a multi-level coding scheme. The receiver is configured to provide receive and decode to the optical signals received from the transmitter. One or both of the receiver and transmitter are configured to compensate for non-idealities or non-linearities introduced into the communication system by optical components of the system.

Abstract: A signature encoded light system includes at least one light source. The at least one light source is configured to output a first encoded light signature embedded within light in the visible spectrum. A light signature detection device is configured to receive a composite light signal formed with light from the at least one light source and ambient light. The light signature detection device is configured to identify the first encoded light signature.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for receiving an infrared signal on a mobile device. The mobile device receives an infrared signal by creating an intermediate bitstream based on the received infrared signal. The intermediate bitstream is trimmed, downsampled, and demodulated in the time domain. The intermediate bitstream is then converted into a raw infrared code. The received bitstream is processed in a software layer, enabling the mobile device to process infrared signals without the use of additional hardware configured on the mobile device.

Abstract: A system configures a mobile device. The system includes a visible light communication (VLC) transmitter and a mobile device. The VLC transmitter is configured to emit a visible light signal corresponding to staging profile data, the staging profile data including configuration data. The mobile device includes a VLC receiver configured to receive the visible light signal, the visible light signal being converted to generate the staging profile data, the staging profile data automatically configuring the mobile device for communicating with a communication network as a function of the configuration data.

Abstract: A multilevel amplitude modulation device for generating, from digital data, a multilevel amplitude modulation signal having four or more signal levels and outputting the generated signal, including: an average level calculator that selects one of a plurality of preliminarily prepared different candidates for a code word building method such that average level of a symbol array, obtained by adding a symbol for a code word of digital data to be transmitted to one or more already outputted symbols included in a multilevel amplitude modulation signal already outputted, is most approximate to voltage center of the four or more signal levels, and outputs a selection signal indicating the selected method; a signal converter that forms a codeword of the digital data in accordance with the method indicated by the selection signal; and a multilevel modulator that generates a multilevel amplitude modulation signal using the codeword and outputs the generated signal.

Abstract: A system comprises a transmitter including a laser configured to generate a laser beam directed at a spot on a surface, and a laser driver connected to the laser and configured to modulate input data onto the laser beam. The system may further comprise a receiver including an optical detector configured to decode received light into raw data, a signal processor configured to decode the raw data into the original input data, and telescope optics configured to receive light reflected from the spot on the surface, collimate the light and converge the light onto the optical detector.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device for visible ray communication, including: a substrate; a plurality of OLED pixels that are formed on the substrate and generate a red (R), green (G), or blue (B) visible ray; and a plurality of light receiving units that are formed on the substrate to sense a visible ray signal and convert the visible ray signal to an electrical signal.

Abstract: An apparatus of transmitting messages from an electronic device and display it on a mobile device, and a method of doing the same are disclosed. An exemplifying electronic device has an encoder to encode the data and a drive to modulate the signals into temporal and spatial light patterns according to the transmitted message. The light signals are then emitted from a group of LEDs on the electronic device. A video camera on a mobile device captures the light signals in the form of temporal and spatial patterns. A software application decodes the message and displays the message on the mobile device screen.

Abstract: An LED light and communication system is in communication with a broadband over power line communications system. The LED light and communication system includes at least one optical transceiver. The optical transceiver includes a light support having a plurality of light emitting diodes and at least one photodetector attached thereto, and a processor. The processor is in communication with the light emitting diodes and the at least one photodetector. The processor is constructed and arranged to generate a communication signal.

Abstract: An antenna device is provided, which includes a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit. The first antenna unit includes a first radiation module, a power divider/combiner network connected to the first radiation module, and a feeder interface connected to the power divider/combiner network. The feeder interface is configured to connect to a radio remote unit (RRU) or a base station. The second antenna unit includes a second radiation module, a transceiver array connected to the second radiation module, a baseband processing unit (BPU) connected to the transceiver array, and an interface connected to the BPU. The interface of the second antenna unit is configured to connect to a baseband unit (BBU). Therefore, after the existing passive antenna is replaced by the provided antenna device, the RRU or base station in the original network can still be used, which reduces waste of resources.

Abstract: A display apparatus which supports wireless/optical communication is provided. The display apparatus includes a wireless/optical interface which performs wireless/optical communication with at least one first external apparatus, a power supply unit which supplies power to the wireless/optical interface, a user interface through which a device is selected, and a controller which controls power supply from the power supply unit to the wireless/optical interface according to user selection on the user interface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a photo detector-combined illuminance sensor includes a circuit for a Photo Detector (PD) function to detect the illuminance of the ambient environment. The illuminance sensor operates under the control of a controller in a visible light communication terminal. When an optical signal detected by the illuminance sensor is a visible light communication signal, the controller switches to cause the illuminance sensor to operate as the photo detector for the visible light communication in a visible light communication mode.

Abstract: An automated test system for testing devices being manufactured comprises an infrared communications link for free space communications between a host and a device under test. The communications link is asymmetric and instructions from the host are acknowledged by the device. The instructions cause the device to operate, and the output of the device is monitored, logged, and compared to acceptance criteria. The host can then generate calibration messages to the device, to change the device operating characteristics as appropriate. The communications link uses an unmodulated data stream together with asynchronous handshaking and a robust checksum algorithm to ensure accurate communication.

Abstract: An information communication method that enables communication between various devices includes: determining a pattern of a change in luminance; transmitting a signal by a light emitter changing in luminance; determining a sequence of first and second image units; and displaying an image including the first and second image units arranged according to the determined sequence, wherein in the displaying: for 0, the sequence of the first and second image units is determined so that a first image unit group and a second image unit group that have a same number of image units as each other are consecutive; and for 1, the sequence of the first and second image units is determined so that a first image unit group and a second image unit group that have different numbers of image units from each other are consecutive.

Abstract: The spatial light communication device is constituted with a spatial light transmitter which is installed in a fixed manner in a plurality of places, stores preset ID information of its own and has a light emitting portion for emitting spatial light on which the ID information is superimposed, and a spatial light receiver which is connected to a handheld terminal, has a light receiving portion for receiving spatial light emitted from the light emitting portion of the spatial light transmitter and also has a light receiving circuit for amplifying and outputting a light receiving signal of the light receiving portion. The spatial light receiver is provided with a connector portion which is connected to a microphone input terminal of the handheld terminal as a terminal for outputting a light receiving output signal of the light receiving circuit to the handheld terminal.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium for supporting visible light communication (VLC) exchanges bitmaps for capabilities field exchange in a media access control (MAC) layer during link establishment and association with other VLC-enabled devices. An aggregation bitmap is generated to indicate whether a visible light communication (VLC) transmitter of a first device uses at least one aggregated band that comprises multiple active frequency bands. The aggregation bitmap is transmitted in a capabilities information exchange (CIE) signal to a second device. A guard bitmap that identifies a set of guard frequency bands is also generated and transmitted in the CIE signal. Each guard frequency band indicates leakage transmission from the VLC transmitter.

Abstract: A network architecture for integrating a 4G wireless mesh network (WMN) with a 3-G network in order to effectively support multimedia communication is described. In one embodiment of the present invention, a wireless mesh network system comprises a plurality of routers each having a wireless optical interface; at least one base station having Internet backhaul and connecting to a wireless optical device; a computer media storing instructions for assigning at least one of the plurality of routers to act as an Internet gateway via said base station; wherein said assigned router and said base station communicating via a link between wireless optical interface of said assigned router and the wireless optical device connected to said base station, and said link is line-of-sight.

Abstract: An information system comprises a card and a card reader. The card and the card reader can be coupled by an optical communication module and an optical power transfer module. Operations of the card can be powered by the power transferred from the card reader through the optical power transfer module.

Abstract: A lighting system includes light fixtures not in communications with and not synchronized with one another, and one or more light sensors. Each light fixture separately emits data encoded visible light including light fixture information encoded therein in a manner that avoids visually perceptible flicker and enables light fixture information emitted by one light fixture to be distinguished from light fixture information emitted by other light fixtures. The light fixture information is encoded into data encoded visible light such that a difference between different levels of the data encoded visible light is indicative of an illumination capability of the light fixture and such that visually perceptible flicker is avoided. Each light sensor separately receives portions of data encoded light visible light emitted by multiple light fixtures and separately determines the identity of and the maximum and present illumination contributions for each light fixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detection system for determining data embedded into the light output of a light source in a form of a repeating sequence of N symbols. The detection system includes a camera and a processing unit. The camera is configured to acquire a series of images of the scene via specific open/closure patterns of the shutter. The processing unit is configured to process the acquired series of images to determine the repeating sequence of N symbols. By carefully triggering when a shutter of the camera is open to capture the different symbols of the encoded light within each frame time of a camera, a conventional camera with a relatively long frame time may be employed. Therefore, the techniques presented herein are suitable for detecting the invisible “high frequency” coded light while using less expensive cameras as those used in the prior art.

Abstract: In a light communication system, a data embedding unit arranged between a transmitter-side communication data processing unit and a light emitting device driver embeds a communication processed data at a spatial domain of an original image according to a modulation scheme, and gets multiple RGB values for a communication data embedded image. A receiving apparatus detects a transmitter-side communication data embedded image, generates a receiver-side communication data embedded image, compensate a deformation of the receiver-side communication data embedded image, outputs a warped communication data embedded image, and extracts a communication processed data from the warped communication data embedded image.

Abstract: A method for interaction among individuals using mobile communication devices equipped with lasers and optical receivers without requiring use of mobile numbers. An initial message is either communicated in full directly from sending to receiving device or alternatively message contents are first uploaded to a common application server and a unique identification code is transmitted to the receiving device and used to retrieve the full message from the server. The method of transmission by sender device to be optical or infrared laser and received by devices equipped with an optical or infrared receivers. Interactions subsequent to the initial message may not require use of a laser and can be facilitated via the common application servers without any requirement for parties to divulge personal identifying information. Such initial interaction by method thus described may require permission from, or be limited by, venue operators or jurisdictional governance.

Abstract: A visible light communication system comprising a first electronic device having a display part and a second electronic device 20 having a brightness sensor, visible light communication between the first electronic device and the second electronic device occurring as a result of the brightness sensor detecting visible light (solid arrow) output from the display part.

Abstract: An optical interconnect includes a first circuit board having an optical source and an optical receiver; and a second circuit board having data source and an optical modulator optically coupled with the optical source and optical receiver, wherein the optical modulator is configured to encode data from the data source into an optical signal from the optical source. The optical receiver is configured to receive the optical signal from the optical modulator. A method of optical communication includes generating on a first circuit board an optical signal directed at a second circuit board; modulating the optical signal with data at the second circuit board; reflecting the optical signal to the first circuit board; and demodulating the optical signal to receive the data at the first circuit board.

Abstract: An optical communication module in which the pin arrangement can be applied flexibly. An optical communication module has an outer shape formed based on normal standards and which is able to communicate with a host-side circuit board, etc. to which it is fitted, via a predetermined communication interface; wherein the optical communication module exchanges input/output I/F information with the circuit board, etc., and the communication interface can be switched to another communication interface based on these input/output I/F information.

Abstract: The internal propagation of radiation between a radiation source and radiation detector mounted within a sensor package is prevented by the use of an optical isolator. The optical isolator is formed by the combination of a baffle mounted between the source and detector and a groove formed in an upper surface of the sensor package between the source and detector. A bottom of the groove is positioned adjacent to an upper edge of the baffle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the color communication system so that human eye does not sense flicker. Communication using 3 primary color light pulses is faster than the communication system using only one white color pulse. Illumination light source or color display can be used for such color communication system.

Abstract: A wireless communications link comprising an RF link and a free space optics (FSO) link, a switch, an RF signal monitoring apparatus, an optical signal monitoring apparatus, alarm apparatus and a controller. The switch operates in a normal mode to aggregate the links to form a link aggregation group and to route traffic on the link aggregation group, a first protection mode to route traffic on the FSO link, or a second protection mode to route traffic on the RF link. The controller is arranged to receive an alarm signal and to generate and transmit a control signal to cause the switch to operate in the first protection mode when a first alarm signal is received, the second protection mode when a second alarm signal is received, and the normal mode when an indicator is received indicating that both signal quality parameters are above their threshold values.