Abstract: A framer in a transmission device that allocates time slots of an optical channel to a logical path, divides client signals received via the logical path to the time slots allocated to the logical path, and transmits the client signals by a plurality of optical subcarriers using optical wavelengths correlated with the time slots includes: a time slot allocating unit configured to perform a process of reducing a transmission band of the logical path when some of the optical wavelengths are unavailable and changing the time slots allocated to the logical path depending on the reduced transmission band to avoid using the time slots corresponding to the unavailable optical wavelengths.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for operating an optical network terminal (ONT) in a passive optical network include maintaining an operational state in the passive optical network, estimating an upstream channel, adjusting equalization delay and physical layer frame offset values and switching from a backup mode to a primary mode of operation upon detecting a failure condition.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure a method for shared mesh protection in an optical transport network comprises provisioning a route for each of a plurality of working demands through the optical transport network. The method further comprises provisioning a route for backup demands corresponding to each of the plurality of working demands. The method additionally comprises packing into a single optical data unit a first backup demand corresponding to a first of the plurality of working demands and a second backup demand corresponding to a second of the plurality of working demands, wherein the first and second of the plurality of working demands share at least one common link in the optical transport network. The method also comprises unpacking the first and second backup demands from the optical data unit.

Abstract: A cross connecting unit outputs an including frame whose type matches a type of an including frame stored in a storage unit in association with identification information of a multiplexing unit having a problem among including frames generated by an including unit to a backup multiplexing unit when any one of multiplexing units has a problem.

Abstract: The various embodiments herein provide a method and system for protecting multiple work ODU failures using a higher capacity protect ODU in an Optical Transport Network. The method for protecting multiple work ODU failures in an Optical Transport Network comprising steps of detecting signal failures in at least one of a plurality of work ODUs, requesting for release of one or more time-slots for a defective work ODU and allocating the one or more time-slots of a low priority traffic from the protect ODU in an incremental manner of priority. The method apply a TPN based policy for defining lower ODUs, performs handshaking between the transmit and downstream ends using the protocol provided, defines the role and behavior of the various system components and the service requests and performs an automatic lockout of protection for the work ODU in which an UDI alarm is present.

Abstract: An optical network failure recovery method for a passive optical network is provided. The method includes steps of: obtaining at least one round-trip delay value according to an equalization delay value of at least one optical network unit with respect to an operating optical line terminal; sorting the round-trip delay values in an increasing order and obtaining a minimum round-trip delay value; obtaining at least one difference between the minimum round-trip delay value and the round-trip delay value of each of the optical network units; and adjusting a start time and a stop time in a bandwidth map for a ranging response message replied by each of the optical network units according to the at least one difference.

Abstract: A method, a network, and a node each implement the transmission of Automatic Protection Switching (APS) switching coordination bytes across an OTN network. A working signal and a protection signal are received, one of which is designated as an active signal. The active signal is encapsulated in an Optical channel Data Unit (ODU) signal. APS switching coordination bytes from the working and protection signals are placed in an overhead segment of the ODU signal. The ODU signal is transmitted into and received from an Optical Transport Network (OTN) network. The working and protection signals are recreated based on the active signal encapsulated in the ODU signal and the APS switching coordination bytes in the overhead segment. The recreated working and protection signals are transmitted. In this manner, a single ODU signal may be used to transmit both the working and protection signals.

Abstract: A method for realizing an automatic protection switching of a transmission device is provided, and the method includes that: according to a received automatic protection switching trigger condition and information of each line sub-card, which are transmitted by a cross sub-card via a Time Division Multiplexing Fabric to Framer Interface (TFI5) frame, a control sub-card determines to execute protection switching, and sends a protection switching command to the cross sub-card; and the cross sub-card completes the protection switching action. A system for realizing an automatic protection switching of a transmission device is also provided. According to the technical solution of the present invention, the automatic protection switching of the transmission device in an Optical Transport Network (OTN) is achieved conveniently.

Abstract: A cross-connect apparatus and method where the apparatus includes an interface section which divides signals from a transmission line into multiple paths to provide the signals to cross-connect sections, and multiplexes signals provided from the cross-connect sections to send out the signals to the transmission line, the cross-connect sections cross-connects the signals from the interface section to output the signals to the interface section. The cross-connect apparatus includes a control section which determines a number of paths divided by the interface section and an operation mode of the cross-connect sections, according to a line capacity occupied by the signals from the transmission line and which controls the interface section and stops an operation of a cross-connect section which does not perform cross-connect processing.

Abstract: OSUs 1 to N are connected to a plurality of PON lines respectively. A control unit performs processing for registering a plurality of subscriber devices connected to the plurality of PON lines respectively and processing for allocating a bandwidth. In addition, the control unit switches an OSU while a state of registration of the plurality of subscriber devices is maintained, by changing a communication path between the plurality of PON lines and a plurality of OSUs 1 to N.

Abstract: This concerns a protected long-reach PON having a plurality of terminals connected to a distribution network that is fed by both a main and back up feed, each feed including a head end and a repeater. The back up head end had access to a ranging table with data previously obtained by the main head end, thereby speeding up the switch over in the event of a fault with the main feed. In one embodiment, the repeater has a virtual ONU therein, allowing the back up repeater to be ranged by the back up head end, thereby yet further speeding up the ranging procedure. The main and back up repeaters are sufficiently equidistant from the distribution network to allow the back up head to perform normal scheduling without performing a ranging operation on each of the terminals, even if the different terminals transmit at slightly different wavelengths. This is achieved using the ranging information obtained with regard to the back up repeater.

Abstract: A device is provided that mitigates the effects of an optical network unit (ONU) that is in a rogue state. A main processor is arranged as part of a monolithic semiconductor chip, the main processor configured to process signals from an optical telecommunication connection. A laser driver controls a laser coupled to the laser driver. Hardware logic is arranged as part of the monolithic semiconductor chip and arranged physically separate from the main processor. The hardware logic independently effects the laser driver to turn the laser off or reduce power output of the laser significantly to mitigate the effects of the ONU in the rogue state.

Abstract: Systems and methods for distributing signals in an optical network are disclosed. In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure a method for distributing signals in an optical network comprises combining input signals into one or more output signals, determining, an availability status of optical lanes for carrying the output signals and distributing the output signals to optical transmitters associated with the optical lanes if the availability status indicates that the optical lanes are available.

Abstract: A protected passive optical communications system includes terminals, a main head end, and a back up head end allowing communication with the terminals when a fault occurs. The main and back up head ends transmit frames that include header and payload portions to the terminals. The main head end normally transmits control instructions in the header and user data in the payload. The back up head end, in response to a fault, transmits control instructions in the payload, and a control message in the header. The control message indicates control instructions in the payload. If a control message is in the header, each terminal interprets the payload as control instructions for changing operational attribute(s) of a terminal. If a control message is not in the header, each terminal interprets the payload as user data that it forwards to external user(s) external based on an address from the user data.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing collision of upstream signals is provided. The apparatus is suitable for a time division multiplexing (TDM) passive optical network (PON). The apparatus includes an optical coupler device, an optic-electron converter (O/E), a control system, and an optical signal switch module. The O/E is coupled to the optical coupler device, the control system is coupled to the O/E, and the optical signal switch module is coupled to the optical coupler device and the control system. The optical coupler device receives a first optical signal and splits the first optical signal into a second optical signal and a third optical signal. The O/E converts the second optical signal into a first electrical signal. The control system generates a control signal according to the first electrical signal. The optical signal switch module determines whether to stop the third optical signal from passing the apparatus according to the control signal.

Abstract: Switching process at the occurrence of a path trouble is performed more quickly to reduce the number of packet discards during a traffic transition from a currently used system path to a standby system path within a section to be protected. An OLT (210-W) refers to the DBA information of a PON section and, if receiving no CCM frame at a timing at which the same should be received, then determines that some trouble has occurred on the path (S801) and transmits, to an OAM-compliant NE (200-Z), an application-for-switching frame (1501) to notify the OAM-compliant NE (200-Z) of the abnormal condition. The OAM-compliant NE (200-Z) monitors the occurrence of the trouble within the PON section nearly in real time, starts a switching process (S802) and generates and transmits a standby-system delivery request (321) (S302, S803). An OAM-compliant NE (200-A) switches the communication path to the standby-system passing through an OLT (210-P).

Abstract: The various embodiments herein provide a method and system for protecting multiple work ODU failures using, a higher capacity protect ODU in an Optical Transport Network. The method for protecting multiple work ODU failures in an Optical Transport Network comprising steps of detecting signal failures in at least one of a plurality of work ODUs, requesting for release of one or more time-slots for a defective work ODU and allocating the one or more time-slots of a low priority traffic from the protect ODU in an incremental manner of priority. The method apply a TPN based policy for defining lower ODUs, performs handshaking between the transmit and downstream ends using, the protocol provided, defines the role and behavior of the various system components and the service requests and performs an automatic lockout of protection for the work ODU in which an urn alarm is present.

Abstract: A SONET/SDH transmission apparatus comprises a plurality of interface units that accommodate a plurality of lines, and mesh wiring that interconnects the interface units in a mesh pattern. Each of the interface units includes a time slot interchange (TSI) unit to output a signal selected from among a plurality of signals through the TSI processing of a plurality of signals on the lines accommodated at all the interface units, a detection unit to detect alarm information on the lines accommodated at all the interface units, and a control unit to provide the TSI unit with control data reflecting protective switching operation calculated by computation of a logic circuit which virtually executes the protective switching operation to be as for the plurality of lines.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for regulating the security of information flow can include multiple information receiving/transmitting domains where a device failure in one or more domains would not comprise the security of the systems. The systems and techniques may be implemented using a multi-domain checking approach in which the respective device operation status in each receiving/transmitting domain is independently monitored. The systems and techniques can advantageously prevent sensitive information from being inadvertently transferred to an untrusted or unauthorized entity.

Abstract: A method for realizing an automatic protection switching of a transmission device is provided, and the method includes that: according to a received automatic protection switching trigger condition and information of each line sub-card, which are transmitted by a cross sub-card via a Time Division Multiplexing Fabric to Framer Interface (TFI5) frame, a control sub-card determines to execute protection switching, and sends a protection switching command to the cross sub-card; and the cross sub-card completes the protection switching action. A system for realizing an automatic protection switching of a transmission device is also provided. According to the technical solution of the present invention, the automatic protection switching of the transmission device in an Optical Transport Network (OTN) is achieved conveniently.

Abstract: Schemes are provided for starting up optical transmission links where, after a link interruption, endpoints switch into a startup mode original detection state, and a query-transmit pulse goes out at both end points at given time intervals. In a “TRANSMITTED” handshake mode, in a loop to be passed through n times, and at least once, after the transmission of a transmit pulse, it is detected whether a received pulse is received within a given time span. If no received pulse is received, then the mode is ended and the system is returned to the original detection state. If a received pulse is received, it is answered with another transmit pulse. After the last transmit pulse, if another received pulse occurs within a given time span, the link is activated. If not, the “TRANSMITTED” handshake mode ends and the system enters the original detection state.

Abstract: A network component comprising at least one control plane controller configured to implement a method comprising transmitting a message to at least one adjacent control plane controller, wherein the message comprises a Type-Length-Value (TLV) indicating Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) information. Included is a method comprising communicating a message comprising a TLV to a control plane controller, wherein the TLV indicates RWA information. Also included is an apparatus comprising a control plane controller configured to communicate a TLV to at least one adjacent control plane controller, wherein the TLV indicates RWA information.

Abstract: In a fiber-optic communications system, a backup or redundant optical link is provided at the central office in parallel with the primary one in use. Parameters associated with the backup link, including its signal delay, its attenuation, etc. are stored at the time of installation. Upon failure of the primary link, switchover can be automatic, and the stored parameters are used to make adjustments necessary for the differences between the primary link and the backup link. In addition, having information on the differences between the two links, the central office is able to send control information downstream which is used at the remote site to control changes that must be made for upstream signals. For example, customer equipment can be signaled to adjust its timing for the next time slot or interface amplifiers can be adjusted to account for the change in attenuation.

Abstract: A switch node provided with a switch, an input interface and an output interface. The input interface is adapted to couple to a first communication link to receive a first TDM frame having a user payload field containing a first user data from the first communication link, and a frame overhead field containing a first identification. The input interface is configured to validate the first identification in the frame overhead field and reject the first TDM frame responsive to the first identification being invalid, and to forward the first user data to the switch responsive to the first identification being valid. The output interface is adapted to couple to a second communication link. The output interface is configured to receive the first user data from the switch, and to generate a second TDM frame having a second user payload field containing the first user data, and a second frame overhead field containing a second identification that is different from the first identification.

Abstract: A method or system including implementing one or more indicators to specify traffic ordering associated with an optical networking protocol and ordering traffic according to the one or more indicators.

Abstract: An optical transmission system includes more optical channels than electrical channels. If an optical channel is not functioning, the signals may be diverted to another optical channel since there are more optical channels than electrical channels. Embodiments of the present invention also relate to switches for switching the electrical channels to particular optical channels on either or both of the transmission and reception side. The switches include switching elements and selector elements for routing the electrical signals between the electrical channels and optical channels. In one embodiment, the multiple optical channels are incorporated into a single cable. The single cable may have the electrical interface for a number of electrical channels exposed for mechanical and electrical coupling with an external port, whereas the optical channels may be hidden within the cable coating.

Abstract: A method for activation of circuits in telecommunications networks comprises a first step in which circuits are preplanned in the network and local definition data are distributed to network members (NE) for connection of sections of the preplanned circuits. In a second step, when it is desired to activate a preplanned circuit, activation messages for the connection of sections making up the preplanned circuit to be activated and which are defined by the data previously distributed to the network members are propagated in the network in cascade among the network members affected by the preplanned circuit by means of overhead bytes of the frames circulating in the network. The data are made up of indexed tables defining pairs formed from “next point (TP) to be connected” and “index” to be propagated for the following cross-connection. A network functioning in accordance with the method is also proposed.

Abstract: An optical transmission system capable of time difference correction without increasing guard times, thereby improving optical packet transmission efficiency. An optical switching processor sets identical switching timing for input ports thereof such that optical signals input from the input ports are switched at the same timing. During initialization, a time difference corrector transmits an optical dummy packet to an optical switch node, and detects synchroneity of the optical dummy packet returned thereto after being switched by the optical switch node. If synchronization error is detected, the time difference corrector adjusts the output timing of the optical dummy packet so that the timing of arrival of the optical dummy packet at the optical switching processor may coincide with the switching timing of the optical switching processor, to thereby correct the time difference between the switching timing and the arrival timing.

Abstract: A method for processing overheads in an optical communication system and a signal processing device are disclosed. The method includes: in a receiving direction, conduct an O/E and S/P conversion for the received optical signal, extract overheads necessary for overheads processing; transmit the overheads in serial; conduct an S/P conversion of the overheads, add fixed reserved overheads, and revert the parallel overheads for overheads processing; in a transmitting direction, generate parallel overheads, extract overheads necessary for overheads processing; transmit the overheads in serial; conduct an S/P conversion of the overheads, revert the overheads, synthesize the overheads with the payload data before the P/S and E/O conversion, and generate and transmit the optical signal. In accordance with the disclosed method and device, a serial bus is employed to transmit overheads, which reduces the number of buses on the motherboard and lowers the complexity of system design.

Abstract: Optical network terminal (ONT) power failure management. A system for permitting a customer of a telecommunication company, for whom fiber to the premises (FTTP) has been installed, to control operating features associated with operation of a battery backup unit (BBU) which is used, during power failure, for powering the ONT associated with the FTTP installation and the customer's telephone(s). The controlling of these features includes utilization of signal-controlled switches, which are manually over-rideable by the customer, thereby providing the desired operating feature control.

Abstract: An optical communication system has two or more active interfaces, each controlling the transmission and reception of optical signals between a communication network and one or more subscriber terminals according to control information pertaining to the individual subscriber terminals. The control information used by all the active interfaces is stored in a memory. The optical communication system also has a standby interface that is functionally equivalent to the active interfaces, and an optical switching apparatus that switches data transmission paths among the network, the active and standby interfaces, and the subscriber terminals. If a fault is detected in an active interface, the standby interface extracts the control information of the faulty interface from the memory, and the optical switching apparatus switches the data transmission paths so that the standby interface replaces the faulty interface.

Abstract: A SONET/SDH transmission apparatus comprises a plurality of interface units that accommodate a plurality of lines, and mesh wiring that interconnects the interface units in a mesh pattern. Each of the interface units includes a time slot interchange (TSI) unit to output a signal selected from among a plurality of signals through the TSI processing of a plurality of signals on the lines accommodated at all the interface units, a detection unit to detect alarm information on the lines accommodated at all the interface units, and a control unit to provide the TSI unit with control data reflecting protective switching operation calculated by computation of a logic circuit which virtually executes the protective switching operation to be as for the plurality of lines.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a passive optical network (PON) system and a method for protecting the service of the system for service recovery and fault locating in case of a failure of the network, wherein the PON system comprises an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical distribution network (ODN) and an optical network terminal (ONT) equipment protection group comprising a plurality of ONT equipment groups, each of which is connected to at least one of other ONT equipment groups within the ONT equipment protection group for the mutual protection relationship. The PON system of the present disclosure does not require equipment and link redundancy for backup, contributes to reduced cost and improved utilization of resources, and provides a means for diagnosing any faults of the links and equipment in the network.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides radio frequency (RF)-based OTN systems and methods. This includes a framework to carry services over RF-based links without using SONET/SDH or asynchronous radio. In an exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure utilizes an OTN framework over RF. Additionally, the present disclosure can also apply to other non-OTN frameworks such as an extended Ethernet frame with forward error correction (FEC) over RF-based links. The present disclosure combines existing OTN FEC with a radio FEC or with an over-the-air FEC to reduce the OTN FEC. Additionally, the present disclosure utilizes unused overhead to communicate RF data rates between radios.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for initializing an end-to-end link in a fiber optic communications system in which a pair of nodes interconnect a pair of end devices. A first node, upon initializing a device link segment with an end device to which the node is coupled, sends a signal to the other node over a network link segment indicating that the sending node has initialized its device link segment. The first node completes initialization of the end-to-end link upon receiving a signal from the other node over the network link segment indicating that the other node has initialized its device link segment. In an alternative initialization scheme, a node momentarily operates its data channel in a loopback mode to allow its end device to initialize the device link segment in accordance with a predetermined protocol before returning to a transparent mode.

Abstract: A system and method of extending a trunk reach of a passive optical network, PON. An optical network termination, ONT, processes upstream and downstream PON signals on a trunk fiber with an optical line termination, OLT, at a central office. An extender device may be implemented at a user's home, a remote node, or at the central office. The extender device includes a time division multiplexing, TDM, unit for multiplexing the PON signals, a forward error correction, FEC1 unit for applying an FEC to the PON signals, and a regenerator for applying optical-electrical-optical, OEO, regeneration to the PON signals.

Abstract: Optical network terminal (ONT) power failure management. A system for permitting a customer of a telecommunication company, for whom fiber to the premises (FTTP) has been installed, to control operating features associated with operation of a battery backup unit (BBU) which is used, during power failure, for powering the ONT associated with the FTTP installation and the customer's telephone(s). The controlling of these features includes utilization of signal-controlled switches, which are manually over-rideable by the customer, thereby providing the desired operating feature control.

Abstract: A wavelength division multiplexing transmission system that comprises an input/output terminal station for an optical signal, and an intermediate station located between the terminal stations and connected by an optical transmission line for performing wavelength division multiplexing and transmission of the optical signal, wherein the signal transmission system comprising the terminal station and the intermediate station has a redundant configuration comprising the active system and standby system, and an input/output means for the optical signal to be transmitted through the active system and the standby system is provided on both the active system and the standby system on the side of the active system of the terminal station.

Abstract: A method for remotely restoring inoperative data communications is disclosed. The method includes generating a predetermined sequence of signals at a first Communications unit. The method further includes keying an output of a transmitter on and off at the first communications unit with the predetermined sequence of signals and conveying a transmission of the predetermined sequence of signals to a second communications unit. The method also includes recognizing the predetermined sequence of signals at the second communications unit as indicative of inoperability of the second communications unit and, responsive to the recognized predetermined sequence of signals, outputting a signal to attempt to restore inoperative data communications at said second communications unit.

Abstract: In a mesh network, a network element for providing protection switching in a 1:N shared mesh protection scheme having a first protection path associated with a pair of working paths selected from the N working paths is disclosed.

Abstract: A joint “packet-optical” layer restoration mechanism protects against single, packet-layer router failures by managing network resources from both the packet layer and the optical transport layer in a synergistic manner. It reuses packet-layer router service-ports and/or transport-layer service wavelengths associated with optical switch-ports instead of reserving additional standby packet-layer router service-ports. It can reuse resources from primary paths that are unaffected by router failures and paths that exist for link-failure protection at the optical layer. Embodiments feature a modified node structure that includes both an IP router and a dynamically reconfigurable OXC, which dynamically establishes connectivity between IP-router ports and transport-layer optical fibers. The joint-layer router provides fine-granularity grooming at the IP layer and full-fledged wavelength networking via dynamic wavelength switching and/or wavelength translation at the optical layer.

Abstract: A data transmission system employs a method of aligning transmission lanes with reception lanes in a multiplexing arrangement. A plurality of control symbols and lane identifiers are transmitted on each of the transmission lanes. The transmission lanes are divided into groups for time-division multiplexing. Within the groups, the transmission lanes are time-division multiplexed and then wave-division multiplexed onto a data link. Upon reception, wave-division and time-division demultiplexing is conducted to extract groups of reception lanes corresponding to the groups of transmission lanes. One of the reception lanes in each group of reception lanes is monitored for receipt of a control symbol followed by a lane identifier. Upon receipt, the lane assignment of the reception lanes is rotated within the particular group if the received lane identifier does not match the identity of the reception lane being monitored.

Abstract: To provide a system in which a configuration is simple and a switching of an optical line can be performed at a high speed. A protection unit for performing optical line protection by using K1-K2 information inserted into a payload is provided for each physical interface. The protection unit includes a filter for separating a payload of user data and a payload including K1-K2 information according to a control signal in a received payload, a selector for switching user data to be transmitted or K1-K2 information to be transmitted after adding a control signal of a value corresponding thereto, and a control unit for controlling an output buffer to a switch block and creating K1-K2 information to be transmitted and communicating with a physical interface card of another system on the basis of K1-K2 information.

Abstract: The network facsimile apparatus switches a status icon registered in a structured document for displaying a status icon, corresponding to a status change, while transmitting the structured document corresponding to a request from a client. Thus the apparatus enables the client to observe the latest status icon in homepage format.

Abstract: An optical network has an optical splitter connected to (1) a working optical subscriber unit (OSU) of a working circuit via a working optical fiber, (2) a protection OSU of a protection circuit via a protection optical fiber, and (3) one or more optical network terminals (ONTs), where the protection OSU has a protection burst mode receiver (BMR) configured to receive an upstream optical signal from the optical splitter. The algorithm determines whether the protection OSU is functioning improperly. A reset pulse is applied at the protection BMR at a particular timing position and an attempt is made to interpret the current upstream cell received at the protection BMR. This process is repeated using different timing positions for the BMR reset pulse until the current upstream cell is correctly interpreted, e.g., based on the correct identification of an ATM header error correction (HEC) byte in the upstream cell.

Abstract: An optical network has an optical splitter connected to (1) a working optical subscriber unit (OSU) of a working circuit, (2) a protection OSU of a protection circuit, and (3) one or more optical network terminals (ONTs), where an ONT has (i) a working line termination (LT) unit of the working circuit and connected to the optical splitter via a working optical fiber and (ii) a protection LT unit of the protection circuit and connected to the optical splitter via a protection optical fiber. The present invention enables fast protection switching from the working circuit to the protection circuit. The arrival times of corresponding downstream cells are measured at both the working and protection LT units of the ONT, and information related to the arrival times is transmitted from the ONT to the protection OSU.

Abstract: A multi-layer photonic network and nodes used therein are provided. The multi-layer photonic network comprises a packet network which performs switching and transfer in packet units, and a photonic network comprising optical transmission lines and photonic switches, and which accommodates the packet network. The multi-layer photonic network also has a two layer structure of optical wavelength links (O-LSPs) and packet links (E-LSPs). The O-LSPs are constituted by the optical transmission lines and comprise optical wavelength switching capability (LSC) which is capable of switching in optical wavelength units and packet switching capability (PSC) which is capable of switching in packet units at both their ends. The E-LSPs include the O-LSPs and PSCs at both their ends. Each node includes a section for automatically establishing an O-LSP according to an establishment request for an E-LSP while taking account of path information including path cost, resource consumption, and traffic quantity.