Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; m emission units between the first electrode and the second electrode; and m?1 charge-generating unit(s) between adjacent ones of the emission units, where m is a natural number of 2 or more. The emission units each include an emission layer. At least one of the charge-generating unit(s) includes an n-type charge-generating layer and a p-type charge-generating layer; and the n-type charge-generating layer includes a first material and a second material. The first material includes an organic electron transport compound; and the second material includes at least one selected from an alkali metal, an alkali metal alloy, an alkaline earth metal, an alkaline earth metal alloy, a lanthanide metal, and a lanthanide metal alloy. The light-emitting device may have improved hole and electron balance, a decreased driving voltage, and excellent efficiency and/or lifespan characteristics.

Abstract: An application voltage to a conveyance auxiliary roller is controlled to have a polarity opposite to a charged polarity of toner before a front end of a sheet makes contact with the conveyance auxiliary roller, and the application voltage to the conveyance auxiliary roller is switched to a ground voltage before a rear end of the sheet is separated from the conveyance auxiliary roller after being separated from a conveying belt.

Abstract: Obtained is an image generating apparatus capable of suppressing power consumption in the overall apparatus in printing. This image generating apparatus includes a driving source for driving transport means transporting a paper printable with image data and a control portion supplying a first amount of energy to the driving source in an acceleration period of the driving source for bringing the paper to a constant speed from the start of transportation while switching to a second amount of energy smaller than the first amount of energy in synchronization with arrival of the paper at the constant speed for supplying the second amount of energy to the driving source.

Abstract: Electron generating devices and LED arrays are arranged in a surrounding area of a photosensitive drum. The electron generating devices are located downstream of a cleaner and upstream of a developing unit with respect to a turning direction of the photosensitive drum with a specific gap between the electron generating devices and a surface of the photosensitive drum. The LED arrays are disposed against outer ends of the electron generating devices opposite to inner ends thereof facing the photosensitive drum. When activated by a driving circuit according to image information, individual LED elements of the LED arrays emit light, causing the electron generating devices to emit electrons in a pattern corresponding to the image information. The electrons emitted from the electron generating devices produce more electrons due to an electron avalanche phenomenon before reaching the photosensitive drum, eventually forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: A photosensitive member which has an electrode provided on the front side and a photoconductive layer stacked on the electrode, the photosensitive member being disposed face-to-face with an electrostatic information recording medium that includes a charge retaining layer having an electrode provided on the rear side, either in or out of contact with each other, to carry out exposure with a voltage being applied between the two electrodes, thereby forming an electrostatic charge pattern on the electrostatic information recording medium in accordance with an exposure light pattern. The layer arrangements of the photosensitive member and the photoconductive layer as well as the method of forming the photoconductive layer are improved so that electrostatic information can be recorded on the electrostatic information recording medium with high sensitivity and it is also possible to improve the contrast ratio of the information charge at the exposed region to that at the unexposed region.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording apparatus 1 for forming an electrostatic image on an electric charge carrying member 2 comprises a photoelectric transfer member 14 spaced from the electric charge carrying member 2, a floating electrode 16 provided on a first surface of the photoelectric transfer member 14, an electric power supply 27 for applying a voltage between the second surface of the photoelectric transfer member 14 and the second surface of the electric charge carrying member 2, and an exposure device 8 for exposing a second surface of the photoelectric transfer member 14. The floating electrode 16 having an electric discharge terminal 18a close to the electric charge carrying member 2.

Abstract: A high-speed image forming method and apparatus is capable of directly controlling a toner by the force of an energy beam. Selected toner particles in a mass of toner adhering to the surface of a transparent drum are irradiated with a laser beam emitted by a laser disposed within the transparent drum and controlled for scanning according to image information. The laser beam separates the selected toner particles from the transparent drum by the force it produces on the particles, and then the separated toner particles are moved to a paper sheet by the force of an electric field produced by a developing electrode. Each toner particle need only be irradiated with the light for a comparatively short period of time, so that an image can be formed at high speed.