Abstract: A developing apparatus has a developer supporting member 41 with a surface roughness RZ in the range from 3.0 to 5.5 &mgr;m and a one-component developer T with a bulk density in the range from 0.35 to 0.55 g/ml, and an image is developed by forming a layer of the developer T on the developer supporting member 41. This makes it possible to form a thin toner layer stably despite changes in ambient conditions, and to prevent low image density and fogging. The absolute value of the amount of electric charge with which the developer T is charged is preferably in the range from 3.0 to 10.0 &mgr;C/g. The developer supporting member 41 is made preferably of stainless steel.

Abstract: A conductive roller including at least one conductive elastic layer 1 formed of a polymer composition includes a main-component polymer not containing chlorine nor bromine and containing polyether or/and a cyan group; and an anion-containing salt having a fluoro group and a sulfonyl group. The anion-containing salt having the fluoro group and the sulfonyl group includes at least one salt selected from among a salt of bisfluoroalkylsulfonylimide, a salt of fluoroalkylsulfonic acid, and a salt of tris (fluoroalkylsulfonyl) methide.

Abstract: Rolls include a core and a glass outer coating on the core. The glass can be electrically charged and discharged. The outer coatings have smooth finishes and controlled electrical properties. The outer coatings can also provide selected mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. The rolls can be used in various applications in which controlled electrical properties are desired. For example, the rolls can be used as charge donor rolls in electrostatographic imaging apparatus.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer container for containing a developer containing toner and carrier particles having a volume resistivity of 106-1010 &OHgr;cm; a developer carrying member for carrying the developer contained in the developer container; a voltage applying means for applying a developing bias voltage having a DC component and an AC component to the developer carrying member when an electrostatic image formed on an image hearing member including a surface layer having a volume resistivity of 109-1014 &OHgr;cm is developed by contacting the developer carried on the developer carrying member to the electrostatic image, wherein a volume resistivity of the developer carrying member is 1×10−1-1×102 &OHgr;cm.

Abstract: A developing roller for electrophotography is disclosed which is composed of a conductive mandrel, a charge-providing layer having a charge-providing performance to a non-magnetic one-component toner, formed at the surface of the roller, a base layer having an elasticity, formed at a position nearer to the mandrel of the roller than the charge-providing layer and an elastic intermediate layer formed at a position between the base layer and the charge-providing layer. The elastic intermediate layer is formed of a composition having a contact angle to water which is smaller than that of a composition for forming the base layer. Also, disclosed are a developing apparatus, an apparatus unit and an image forming apparatus using the developing roller.

Abstract: A developing apparatus having a resilient developing roller for developing an image with a single-component toner includes a contacting mechanism for moving the developing roller into contact with a surface of an image carrier for developing the image and moving the developing roller in a forward direction at substantially the same speed as the image carrier. The width of a developing nip and a depth of bite between the image carrier and developing roller is set such that the traveling speed of the local portion of the developing roller that contacts the image carrier gradually decreases from a point at which contact starts and then gradually returns to the original speed. The width of the developing nip is at least 4 mm, the hardness of the developing roller is 20-40 degrees, the diameter of the developing roller is 40-100 mm, and the bite depth is equal to or greater than {fraction (1/100)} the radius of the developing roller.

Abstract: A developing device for developing a latent image formed on an image carrier includes a developer carrier having a developer carrying surface. The developer carrying surface includes a plurality of grooves to carry the developer. Dispersion D (%) in depth of the plurality of grooves is calculated according to an equation, D (%)={(A−B)/2}/C, where A is a maximum depth of the plurality of grooves, B is a minimum depth of the plurality of grooves, and C is an average depth of the plurality of grooves. The dispersion D (%) is at most approximately 30%.

Abstract: A developing device of monocomponent development system for developing a latent image formed on an image bearing member according to the present invention includes a toner carrying member disposed opposite the image bearing member via a gap of 50 to 250 &mgr;m therebetween, and including a conductive substrate and an elastic layer having a rubber hardness of not more than 70 degrees and a thickness in the range of 7 to 50 &mgr;m, and a regulating member pressed against a surface of the toner carrying member for regulating the amount of toner on the toner carrying member.

Abstract: Apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image to a developed image with a developer, having a developer bearing member capable of carrying developer on a surface thereof, and a layer thickness regulating member for regulating developer carried on the developer bearing member to a uniform thickness, wherein at least the surface of the layer thickness regulating member is made of a material which includes at least one of a cross-linked alkylalkoxyl-group-containing nylon resin and a cyclic polyolefin.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes a toner-supplying roller and a developing roller assembled into a developing unit. The toner-supplying roller supplies toner to the developing roller. The developing roller applies the toner to an electrostatic latent image on a photoconductor to form a toner image. The toner image is transferred onto a print medium at a transfer unit, and finally fused into a permanent image at a fixing unit. The toner includes a wax that remains solid at room temperature and melts at a fixing temperature. At least one of the toner-supplying roller and the developing roller is a silicone roller on which oligomer in the form of siloxane is deposited. The silicone roller contains non-cured siloxane in the range of 10 to 8000 PPM.

Abstract: In a developing assembly, a process cartridge and an image-forming method, a specific developer and a specific developer-carrying member are used in combination. The developer comprises toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant, and conductive fine particles; the toner particles having a Circularity a of less than 0.

Abstract: A developing device for an image forming apparatus of the present invention includes an image carrier performing endless movement while carrying a developer in the form of a layer thereon, and a regulating member for regulating the thickness of the layer Toner stored in the developing device is covered with an additive whose particle size is less than 2 &mgr;m. The regulating member is implemented as a doctor roller having a surface roughness Rz equal to or greater than the above particle size, but smaller than 2 &mgr;m. The doctor roller is pressed against a developing roller or developer carrier by a preselected pressure, forming a nip for development The developing device reduces irregular development ascribable to impurities caught at a regulating position assigned to the doctor roller more than a conventional developing device using a doctor blade as a regulating member.

Abstract: In a developing assembly comprising a developer-carrying member and a developer quantity control blade kept in pressure contact with the developer-carrying member, the developer-carrying member has a deformation percentage D of 0.5% or less in the direction of pressure contact, and the developer quantity control blade has a ten-point average roughness Rz of from 0.3 &mgr;m to 20 &mgr;m at its surface on the side kept in contact with the developer-carrying member (a charge control face). The developing assembly can prevent faulty images such as lines and uneven images due to the deformation of developer-carrying member even though any deformation due to the pressure contact of the developer quantity control blade has taken place in the developer-carrying member while the developing assembly is stopped.

Abstract: A developing device includes a toner bearing member holding a toner on its surface for conveyance of the toner to a development region where the toner bearing member opposes an image bearing member via a predetermined gap therebetween; a regulating member pressed against the surface of the toner bearing member for regulation of the amount of toner conveyed to the development region; and a developing bias source for applying an alternating electric field between the toner bearing member and the image bearing member. The developing device features the use of the toner bearing member including a conductive substrate formed with an elastic layer, an intermediate layer and a surface layer on the surface thereof, respective volume resistances &rgr;1, &rgr;2 and &rgr;3 of which layers satisfy a condition &rgr;2≦&rgr;1≦&rgr;3, the toner bearing member having an arithmetic average surface roughness in the range of 0.8 to 2.5 &mgr;m, and the use of the toner having a volume-average particle size of 3 to 8 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a development mechanism using a two-component development agent and which includes a development roller and first and second transfer screws. The first transfer screw, arranged at a position approximately horizontal and in parallel to the development roller, includes a first number of screw spirals for transferring the development agent from a first end to a second end of the first transfer screw and conveying the development agent to the development roller. The second transfer screw, arranged approximately horizontal and in parallel to the first transfer screw, includes a second number of screw spirals for transferring the development agent from a first end to a second end of the second transfer screw and conveying the development agent from the second end of the second transfer screw to the first end of the first transfer screw. The first and second numbers of the screw spirals are different from each other.

Abstract: A foamed elastic member according to the invention comprises an elastic member made of polyurethane foam molded by an in-mold foaming process, and has properly determined physical properties of its surface and/or properly determined shape and arrangement of foam cells opened on the surface. The foamed elastic member is suitably used for a toner feed roller in a developing device for electrically charging toner from a toner storage portion, feeding the toner onto the surface of a photosensitive member and forming a toner image corresponding to an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photosensitive member. In this case, it exhibits an excellent toner scraping and toner feeding performance, to form an image free from such defect as irregularity in pitch and density, or free from reduction in density.

Abstract: A developing assembly is disclosed having at least a developer container, a developer-carrying member and a developer layer thickness regulation member, wherein the developer is composed mainly of toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant, and conductive fine particles, and the developer-carrying member has a substrate and a surface layer formed on the substrate of a non-magnetic metal, an alloy or a metallic compound. This developing assembly causes no sleeve ghost, enables electrostatic latent images to be faithfully developed, causes no fading phenomenon, and enables high-density images to be formed in every environment. Also disclosed are a process cartridge having the developing assembly and the latent-image-bearing member integrally set as one unit detachably mountable on the main body of an image-forming apparatus, and an image-forming method making use of the features of this developing assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charging member for charging a body to be charged by bringing the charging member into contact with the body to be charged and applying a voltage between the body to be charged and the charging member. The charging member includes an elastic layer and a resin layer containing a conductive agent, wherein the resin layer is formed on the outer side of the elastic layer directly or indirectly via another layer. When the surface of the resin layer being in a state not containing any conductive agent is charged due to corona discharge generated by applying a voltage of 8 kV to a corona discharger disposed with a gap of 1 mm put between the surface of the resin layer and the corona discharger, a surface potential of the resin layer after an elapse of 0.3 sec is in a range of 50 V or less and a surface potential of the outermost resin layer after and elapse of 10 sec is in a range of 5 V or less. The present invention also provides a charging unit using the charging member.

Abstract: A curable composition which comprises as essential ingredients (A) an organic polymer having per molecule at least one alkenyl group capable of undergoing hydrosilylation, (B) a compound having at least two hydrosilyl groups per molecule, (C) a hydrosilylation catalyst, (D) carbon black, (E) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of epoxidized compounds, acid anhydride compounds, and ester compounds, and (F) an organotitanium compound and/or an organoaluminum compound. In the composition, the carbon black serving as a conductivity imparter has been surface-treated with the ingredients (E) and (F) by the integral blending method. The conductive material obtained by heat-curing the curable composition has regulated conductivity.

Abstract: A shaft is disclosed, having good electroconductivity and an electroconductive elastic layer which is formed on the outside periphery of the shaft, and which has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.15 W /m·K; and an image formation apparatus equipped with the developing roller. The above developing roller is capable of suppressing temperature rise of the roller surface, thereby preventing a developer from being adhesively fixed to the roller surface, suppressing wear on the roller surface, suppressing the generation of cracking, crazing and the like on the roller end, and thus affording favorable images for a long period of time.

Abstract: A development roller includes a core shaft, an elastic layer coating the core shaft, and a surface layer coating the elastic layer. The surface layer has a resistance smaller than a resistance of the elastic layer. And, the development roller has an entire volume resistance smaller than a volume resistance of the elastic layer.

Abstract: A toner donor roll for use in a development apparatus of a electrophotographic apparatus is disclosed. The donor roll includes a conductive core of a ceramic outer coating over the conductive core, the ceramic coating formed from thermal spraying a single homogeneous powder consisting of particles each of which contains a specific ratio of pure alumina and pure titania held together with an organic binder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a roll, especially, development roll capable of carrying out reduction of hardness and resistance without any fear of leak to the latent image.

Abstract: An electroconductive roller is capable of exhibiting stable conductivity regardless of environmental change and is accompanied by small bleed-out of additives. The conductive roller includes an electroconductive support, an electroconductive elastic layer coating the support and a resistance layer coating the elastic layer; wherein the elastic layer comprises at least one species of rubber selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber and chloroprene rubber, an ether oxygen containing alkyl phthalate derivative, a quaternary ammonium perchlorate compound and a fatty oil, and the ether oxygen-containing alkyl phthalate derivative, quaternary ammonium perchlorate compound and fatty oil are contained in a total amount of 0.1-20 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of the rubber. The conductive roller is suitably used as a contact charging member in an electrophotographic apparatus.

Abstract: A toner donor roll for use in a development apparatus of an electrophotographic apparatus is disclosed. The donor roll includes a conductive core of a ceramic outer coating over the conductive core, the ceramic coating formed from thermal spraying a single homogeneous powder consisting of particles each of which contains a specific ratio of pure alumina and pure titania held together with an organic binder.

Abstract: A developing device for an image forming apparatus of the type feeding a one-ingredient or two-ingredient type developer, forming a thin toner layer on a developing roller or toner support member and developing a latent image with the toner layer is disclosed. The toner support member has a surface that is chargeable to the same polarity as toner. The toner support member therefore serves to simply support the toner without electrostatically effecting the toner, so that the development of a latent image is free from the influence of the static electricity of the toner support member. This successfully enhances image quality. A photoconductive element has a coefficient of friction &mgr; confined in the range of 0.1<&mgr;<0.4, preventing the toner from depositing on and contaminating the background area of the element. In addition, the surface of the photoconductive element is protected and has its service life extended.

Abstract: A developing apparatus has a developer supporting member 41 with a surface roughness RZ in the range from 3.0 to 5.5 &mgr;m and a one-component developer T with a bulk density in the range from 0.35 to 0.55 g/ml, and an image is developed by forming a layer of the developer T on the developer supporting member 41. This makes it possible to form a thin toner layer stably despite changes in ambient conditions, and to prevent low image density and fogging. The absolute value of the amount of electric charge with which the developer T is charged is preferably in the range from 3.0 to 10.0 &mgr;C/g. The developer supporting member 41 is made preferably of stainless steel.

Abstract: There are disclosed a toner carrier (I) having at least 0.70 of Z value, which is obtained from the formula (1) and deformation restoration behavior of the surface of the toner carrier at the time of measuring the universal hardness of the surface thereof: Z=We/(We+Wr)  (1) wherein We is elastic energy and Wr is plastic energy; a toner carrier (II) having at most 10.0 &mgr;m of 60 sec. creep value obtained from deformation restoration behavior of the surface of the toner carrier under measuring condition at a definite load of 100 mN /mm2; and a toner carrier (III) having at most 3 N /mm2 of universal hardness at a depth of at most 5 &mgr;m from the surface of the toner carrier under measuring condition at a definite load applying rate of 100/60(mN/mm2/sec.). Each of the toner carriers can afford steadily favorable images.

Abstract: The developing sleeve comprising a metal substrate and a ceramic-dispersion-plated metal film containing ceramic particles dispersed therein and formed on a surface of the metal substrate. The developing apparatus is equipped with this developing sleeve and the image forming apparatus has this developing apparatus.

Abstract: A developing roller for electrophotography is disclosed which is composed of a conductive mandrel, a charge-providing layer having a charge-providing performance to a non-magnetic one-component toner, formed at the surface of the roller, a base layer having an elasticity, formed at a position nearer to the mandrel of the roller than the charge-providing layer and an elastic intermediate layer formed at a position between the base layer and the charge-providing layer. The elastic intermediate layer is formed of a composition having a contact angle to water which is smaller than that of a composition for forming the base layer. Also, disclosed are a developing apparatus, an apparatus unit and an image forming apparatus using the developing roller.

Abstract: A developing device according to the present invention comprises an image developing roll 4 having a roll surface treated with sand blast treatment to form a rough surface morphology in which aluminum anodizing is also applied to the surface of the image developing roll 4 where the rough surface morphology is formed. To the image developing roll 4 is applied a development bias consisting of a direct current voltage overlapped with an alternate current voltage. In this arrangement, the image developing roll 4 can perform the functions of conveying developer, charging developer, and preventing of discharge of the developing bias, while the image developing roll 4 can be manufactured from a metallic roll such as aluminum roll at a low cost. Moreover, a gradual scraping of the image developing roll 4 surface by external additives of toner 3 suppresses adhering of toner 3 onto the surface of the image developing roll 4, preventing the occurrence of filming.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus according to the invention includes a photosensitive belt for carrying an electrostatic latent image, a developing roller to be brought into contact with the photosensitive belt for supplying a non-magnetic mono-component developer to the electrostatic latent image carried by the photosensitive belt, thereby forming a developer image, a thickness-limiting blade kept in contact with the developing roller for limiting, to a predetermined value, the thickness of the developer provided on the developing roller, and a transfer unit for transferring the developer image, carried by the photosensitive belt, onto a sheet of paper, wherein the photosensitive belt, the developing roller and the thickness-limiting blade are each made of a metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a developing apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image to a developed image with a developer, comprising a developer bearing member capable of carrying developer on a surface thereof, and a layer thickness regulating member for regulating developer carried on the developer bearing member to a uniform thickness, wherein at least the surface of the layer thickness regulating member comprises a material which comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of a cross-linked alkylalkoxyl-group-containing nylon resin and a cyclic polyolefin.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes a toner-supplying roller and a developing roller assembled into a developing unit. The toner-supplying roller supplies toner to the developing roller. The developing roller applies the toner to an electrostatic latent image on a photoconductor to form a toner image. The toner image is transferred onto a print medium at a transfer unit, and finally fused into a permanent image at a fixing unit. The toner includes a wax that remains solid at room temperature and melts at a fixing temperature. At least one of the toner-supplying roller and the developing roller is a silicone roller on which oligomer in the form of siloxan is deposited. The silicone roller contains non-cured siloxan in the range of 10 to 8000 PPM.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus according to the invention comprises a photosensitive belt for carrying an electrostatic latent image, a developing roller to be brought into contact with the photosensitive belt for supplying a non-magnetic mono-component developer to the electrostatic latent image carried by the photosensitive belt, thereby forming a developer image, a thickness-limiting blade kept in contact with the developing roller for limiting, to a predetermined value, the thickness of the developer provided on the developing roller, and a transfer unit for transferring the developer image, carried by the photosensitive belt, onto a sheet of paper, wherein the photosensitive belt, the developing roller and the thickness-limiting blade are each made of a metal.

Abstract: The developing sleeve comprising a metal substrate and a ceramic-dispersion-plated metal film containing ceramic particles dispersed therein and formed on a surface of the metal substrate. The developing apparatus is equipped with this developing sleeve and the image forming apparatus has this developing apparatus.

Abstract: A developing roller for electrophotography is disclosed which is composed of a conductive mandrel, a charge-providing layer having a charge-providing performance to a non-magnetic one-component toner, formed at the surface of the roller, a base layer having an elasticity, formed at a position nearer to the mandrel of the roller than the charge-providing layer and an elastic intermediate layer formed at a position between the base layer and the charge-providing layer. The elastic intermediate layer is formed of a composition having a contact angle to water which is smaller than that of a composition for forming the base layer. Also, disclosed are a developing apparatus, an apparatus unit and an image forming apparatus using the developing roller.

Abstract: A developer-carrying member having a rigid electroplating surface layer free from locally abnormal metal deposition and exhibiting a high-accuracy surface roughness is provided so as to be free from occurrence of tailing of images even in high-speed image formation. The developer-carrying member comprises a substrate, and laminate coating layers successively formed thereon including an intermediate layer, a joint layer and a rigid electroplating layer, and is characterized in that the joint layer inserted between the intermediate layer and the electroplating layer for improving the adhesion therebetween comprises a substantially non-magnetic material as represented by a volume susceptibility of at most 1 &mgr;H/m.

Abstract: There are disclosed a toner supply roller which is composed of a foamed elastic body, and has a compression spring constant of 0.25 to 5.0 N/mm, and preferably has the number of cells per a length of 25 mm being 50 to 1200 in the foamed elastic layer; a developing apparatus which is equipped with the above toner supply roller and capable of affording images free from defect such as unevenness in pitch, density, etc.; another developing apparatus which is equipped with a toner supply roller and a developing roller, each being electroconductive, and which satisfies the requirement that the electric resistance of the toner supply roller is always lower than that of the developing roller at an impressed voltage of 100V to 500V, thereby enabling formation of satisfactory images by favorable electrification with the toner supply roller due to favorable adsorption of a toner onto the developing roller; and an image formation apparatus equipped with any of the above developing apparatuses.

Abstract: A development roller has a core shaft and an external composite layer provided around the core shaft, the external composite layer including an elastic layer and a surface layer which are successively overlaid on the core shaft in that order, the development roller having a volume resistivity of 1.5×104 &OHgr;·cm or less and an electrostatic capacity of 1.5×10−4 F/m2 or more. A developer unit is provided with the above-mentioned development roller which is disposed so as to have a toner deposited on an image portion formed on a surface of a photoconductor, a toner supply roller which is disposed opposite to the development roller and is capable of forming therearound a magnetic brush of the toner and a carrier, and brings the magnetic brush into contact with the development roller to supply the toner to the development roller, and a doctor blade disposed in contact with the surface of the toner supply roller to regulate the thickness of a layer of the toner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods of coating donor members with waterbome coatings, wherein a resin, a pigment, and water are combined in proportions effective to provide a donor member precursor composition; the donor member precursor composition is subjected to high pressure communition to provide a donor member conductive coating composition; and the donor member coating composition is coated onto a substrate. The present method advantageously provides a donor member coating which is substantially free of air pockets or defects. In preferred embodiments the resin is a phenolic resin, preferably a waterborne phenolic resin, such as a phenol-formaldehyde resole, and in other preferred embodiments the pigment is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, magnetite, nigrosine, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to facilitate the design of a developing apparatus by making it easier to set the optimal developing conditions in upgrading an image quality when forming an image with a dielectric developing roller. Developing conditions are set so as to satisfy Cc≧&rgr;t·dt·k/Vv, wherein Vv=−(Vbp+Vpr)−Vco+Vt·k; Cc=1/{1/Cp+2/Ct+rr/k+1/(Cr3·k)}; k=vr/vp; rr=&rgr;r·d2; Cp=∈p/dp; Ct=2·∈t/dt; Cr1=∈1/d1; Cr2=∈2/d2; C1=1/{1/Cp+2/Ct+1/(Cr1·k)}; C2=k·Cr2; Ex=(W/vp)/{rr·(C1+C2)}; Cr3=Cr1·{1−C1/(C1+C2)}·exp(−Ex); &rgr;t=(qpm+qr)·m/dt; Vco=−qpm·m/Cr1; Vpr=−qr·m·k/Cp; Vt=&rgr;t·dt/Ct.

Abstract: There are disclosed a developing roller comprisig a shaft having good electroconductivity and an electroconductive elastic layer which is formed on the outside periphery of the shaft, and which has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.15 W/m·K; and an image formation apparatus equipped with the developing roller. The above developing roller is capable of suppessing temperature rise of the roller surface, thereby preventing a developer from being adhesively fixed to the roller surface, suppessing wear on the roller surface, suppessing the generation of cracking, crazing and the like on the roller end, and thus affording favorable images for a long period of time.

Abstract: A developing roller according to the invention has an outer circumferential surface, which can be set in frictional contact with a photosensitive belt that is stretched to be driven in a prescribed direction. The outer surface is divided into two mirror surfaces and a rough surface. The mirror surfaces are provided on the end portions of the roller, they do not retain developer. The rough surface extends between the mirror surfaces, for retaining developer. Spacer means prevents the photosensitive belt from coming into frictional contact with the mirror surfaces. The mirror surfaces are therefore prevented from scraping the photosensitive belt. This prolongs the lifetime of the photosensitive belt.

Abstract: A development roller includes a core shaft, an elastic layer coating the core shaft, and a surface layer coating the elastic layer. The surface layer has a resistance smaller than a resistance of the elastic layer. And, the development roller has an entire volume resistance smaller than a volume resistance of the elastic layer.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, an image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member for bearing an electrostatic latent image, a charging device for charging the surface of the image bearing member, an electrostatic latent image forming device for forming the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image bearing member charged by the charging device, a developing device, which includes a developer bearing member for bearing a single component developer, for performing development by bringing the single component developer into contact with the electrostatic latent image to form a visible image, a transfer device for electrostatically transferring the visible image to a transfer member, and a fixing device for fixing the electrostatically transferred visible image on the transfer member. The developer bearing member includes at least a conductive core bar, an electron-conductive layer composed of an elastic body, and an ion-conductive layer.

Abstract: A metal pipe excellent in dimensional accuracy, which is suitably used for a development sleeve, a fixing roller, or a photosensitive drum for electrophotographic apparatuses or electrostatic recording apparatuses such as copying machines or printers, or a base body thereof. The metal pipe is produced by cutting a long-sized metal pipe body into a specific length, to obtain a raw pipe, and adjusting the surface state and the dimensional accuracy of the raw pipe by cutting and polishing the outer peripheral surface of the raw pipe, wherein the raw pipe has an inner stress of 20 N/mm2 or less.

Abstract: A developing roller having a superior setting ability and having a uniform and high conductivity is provided by improving dispersion and stability of carbon black mixed in a solution of a coating resin, and then forming a resin layer that has a low modulus of elasticity and a high conductivity when coated. The developing roller includes a core shaft, an elastic body layer formed around the core shaft and made of rubber as a main ingredient, and a resin layer coated at least on an outer surface of the elastic body layer. The resin layer contains carbon black having a DBP absorption amount of 80 to 110 ml/100 g, a ratio of a DBP absorption amount to a nitrogen specific surface area being not more than 0.012 ml/m2, and a ratio of a volatile component to a nitrogen specific surface area being not more than 2.0×10−4 g/m2.

Abstract: It is an exemplified object of the present invention to provide a development device, development roller and blade used in the development device, and development roller and image-forming device having the development roller and blade, which can form a high-quality image in a cost-efficient manner. To achieve this object, the inventive development roller includes a shaft, a base material that coats a periphery of the shaft, and is made of a resistance body, and a layered coating provided on a periphery of the base material, where the layered coating includes two or more layers, a coating layer provided inside an outermost coating layer has a higher charging capability to a developing agent than at least the outermost coating layer.

Abstract: A sliding member composed of a molded resin composition containing at least synthetic resin, polyolefin resin, and oil. This composition allows a sliding resistance to be small and a small torque to be applied to a sliding bearing unit.