Abstract: An inter-device media handler is configured to handle a print job in a print system having two or more media processing devices, such as a printer and a laminator. A sensor is configured to sense orientation of media buffered between the first media processing device and the second media processing device. A calculator module is configured to receive input from the sensor and to use the input to determine whether the media will stay within a working range of the second media processing device while the job is processed by the second media processing device.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a light volume detection means for detecting the light volume according to the deviation amount at a sheet transfer position in the width direction of a sheet end to be transferred, the light volume detection mean being constituted by a light emitting element and a light receiving element having a light receiving surface of a prescribed length in the width direction of the sheet, and at least either said light receiving element or the light emitting element can be moved to a position in the sheet width direction according to the size of the sheet placed on the feed tray. Therefore, even if the size of the sheet transferred by the transfer means is different, the light volume detection means is able to detect the light volume at an adequate position according to the size of the sheet, the detection accuracy of the position deviation amount is enhanced with respect to the sheet different in size, and the accurate deviation amount can be detected.

Abstract: Embodiments according to the present disclosure provide methods and systems of determining nip velocity profiles in a medium registration system, including parameterizing a set of equations into a set of standard parameters, the set of equations representing an analytic form of the nip velocity profiles; determining values of the parameters through an iteration process; and determining the nip velocity profiles based on the determined values of the parameters. The embodiments separately provide systems and methods of simulating a medium registration process, including inputting an error parameter to a velocity nominal profile of a nip in a medium registration system; determining an output value of the velocity nominal profile; and using the output value in a regression algorithm to obtain a simulated relationship, the simulated relationship indicative of a manner in which the error parameter influences the output value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that forms an image on a surface of a transfer sheet, then, reverses the transfer sheet on which the image has been formed on the surface and then, forms an image on the reverse side of the transfer sheet, wherein there is provided a correcting section that changes a relative position between the transfer sheet and the image on the surface in accordance with an outer shape of the transfer sheet and further changes a relative position between the transfer sheet and the image on the reverse side of the transfer sheet in accordance with an outer shape of the transfer sheet.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having therein an image forming device that transfers an image onto a transfer sheet and a reversing device that reverses the transfer sheet, wherein the image forming device transfers an image on the front surface of the transfer sheet, then, the reversing device reverses the sheet, and the image forming device transfers an image onto the rear surface of the sheet and the image forming apparatus further has therein a correcting device that corrects the overall skew of the transfer sheet depending on an inclination of a leading side of a transfer sheet in the conveyance direction set in advance before an image is formed on the front surface, and corrects the overall skew of the transfer sheet depending on an inclination of a leading side of a transfer sheet in the conveyance direction set in advance before an image is formed on the rear surface.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus feeds a paper picked up by a pickup roller directly to a photoconductive drum and controls a linear velocity of the pickup roller so that it is slower than that of the photoconductive drum. The different linear velocities of the pickup roller and the photoconductive drum produces different velocities at the transfer nip (the area of contact between the photoconductive drum and a transferring roller) and the point where paper is picked up by the pickup roller. To compensate for the different velocities, the pickup roller can be rotated faster than the photoconductive drum for an angle that corresponds to the velocity difference. Additionally, when a velocity difference occurs between two rollers for feeding the paper, one of the rollers can be further rotated to compensate for the velocity difference.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming device that forms images on recording sheets. The image forming device includes a frame having an opening, a cover movable for opening and closing the opening, a drum unit, a belt unit and a pair of registration rollers. The drum unit is disposed in the frame and having plurality of photosensitive drums each defining an axis, the plurality of photosensitive drums being juxtaposed in line in a direction orthogonal to the axis. The belt unit is accommodated in the frame and having a plurality of rollers and an endless belt mounted over the plurality of rollers under tension, the endless belt having a first running part running in a sheet conveying direction and in direct confrontation with each of the photosensitive drums, the first running part extending in a first direction, the drum unit being movable in the first direction and accessible through the opening.

Abstract: A printer for printing on a medium on an endless belt by printer heads includes: a generator generating printing data for each printer head; a detector detecting time-series data for the meandering of the medium; a generator generating correction data preventing disorder of a printed image due to the meandering; and a controller operating each printer head according to the correction and printing data, wherein the correction-data generator selects a specific difference between factors in the time when the time-series and predetermined time-series data are related and newly generates correction data corresponding to the selected factor, a replacement section replaces a factor in the time corresponding to the specific factor of the reference time-series data with the specific factor, and the time-series-data detector has a stop stopping detection of the time-series data when the absolute change value of a physical value influencing meandering is a predetermined value or less.

Abstract: A registration and measurement system for a printing machine includes two drive rollers and two opposing idler rollers. Each drive roller and idle roller combination respectively form a drive nip. A single servo or stepper motor is operably connected to the drive rollers through a gear train, allowing the motor to drive the sheet feeding nips. A rotary encoder is attached to each idler roller. Optical sensors are provided above a desired sheet path. The optical sensors and the rotary encoders are connected to a controller and are operable to deliver output signals to the controller. The controller is operable to determine the length of a sheet passing through the nips based upon the signals received from the optical sensors and the rotary encoders.

Abstract: A method to reduce the misalignment between the image one and image two printed on the same or opposing side of the same sheet. The final error (skew, process and cross-Process) between the actual sheet orientation and the desired orientation during the transfer of an image while printing image one is measured and recorded. When the same sheet comes for printing image two, the error recorded during image one printing is retrieved and used to compensate the desired angular, process and cross-process registration of the sheet for image two printing so that the alignment of image one and image two is improved in comparison to systems that register the sheet without considering image one imaging errors.

Abstract: A printer processor prints out two sheets of test prints by printing a test pattern on two recording sheets of different lengths. The test pattern consists of eight straight-linear lines that are parallel to a main scan direction or a sub scan direction of an exposure section. Dimensions of designated portions of the test pattern are measured on each of the test prints, to detect skew characteristics of the recording sheets, deviations of print starting positions in the main and sub scan directions and fluctuations in transport speed of the recording sheets. Based on the detected values, a skew correcting section, the exposure section and a conveyer device for the recording sheets are controlled to correct skew of the recording sheets, the print starting positions in the main and sub scan directions and the transport speed.

Abstract: A media transportation mechanism comprising a first transportation roller pair and second transportation roller pair disposed in the transportation path on the upstream and downstream sides, respectively, of image scanners convey a slip over a sliding guide surface. The first transportation roller pair produces a feed force towards the sliding guide surface so as to push the leading end edge of the slip to the sliding guide surface. The second transportation roller pair produces a feed force in the direction away from the sliding guide surface so as to push the trailing end edge of the slip to the sliding guide surface.

Abstract: A registration device includes a feed roller which presses one surface of a sheet to feed the sheet. A cartridge unit is placed opposite to the feed roller and includes a follower roller to support the other surface of the sheet. An image forming unit forms an image on the sheet and a regulating element rotates the cartridge unit relative to the feed roller so that an arranged sheet can be fed into the image forming unit. The registration device can regulate the parallel degree between the cartridge unit and the feed roller in the process of assembling the image forming apparatus to prevent the skew of the sheet.

Abstract: The invention comprises registration roller pairs which detect a skew amount of a sheet being conveyed; registration roller pairs which perform skew correction of the sheet while the sheet is being conveyed; a punch unit which performs punching of the sheet; a punch-unit driving portion which drives the punch unit; a sheet-edge detecting sensor which performs detection of a sheet edge in a direction intersecting with a sheet conveyance direction; a punch-unit moving device which moves the punch unit in the direction intersecting with the sheet conveyance direction; a sheet detecting sensor which performs detection of a sheet position in the sheet conveyance direction; and a controller portion which performs control such that after skew of the sheet is corrected by the registration roller pairs in accordance with detection results of skew amount sensors, and punching is performed on the sheet by the punch-unit moving device and the punch driving portion in accordance with a detection result of the sheet detect

Abstract: A system and method for registering a sheet transported along a sheet path of a printing system, including receiving a sheet at a first location, transporting the sheet along the sheet path from the first location in a downstream direction at a first speed. The speed at which the sheet is transported is decreased from the first speed to a second speed. The transported sheet is received at a second location downstream from the first location and registered at the second location, including correcting at least one of lateral position of the sheet, skew of the sheet, and timing error in a downstream direction.

Abstract: A pattern image for registration correction is formed in a reference color and an arbitrary color to be corrected. The pattern image for registration correction is formed a number or times n1 or a number of times n2. If the total number of image forming sections is S; the length of sheets is L; the sheet-to-sheet distance is d; and the belt conveying distance corresponding to one revolution of a drive roller is A, n1 satisfies ((L+d)×(S?1)/A)×n1=N1 (where n1 is an integer and N1 is an approximate integer), and n2 satisfies ((L+d)/A)×n2=N2 (where n2 is an integer, and N2 is an approximate integer).

Abstract: A printing method uses a printing apparatus that includes a transport mechanism that transports a continuous medium, which has a predetermined width in a predetermined direction, in a transport direction that intersects with the predetermined direction and a head that prints out an image on the medium. The printing method includes printing, on the continuous medium, a plurality of first images aligned in the transport direction and a plurality of second images aligned in the transport direction so that the plurality of first images and the plurality of second images are aligned in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A medium feeding apparatus feeds medium. A medium transporting mechanism transports a medium. A skew removing mechanism includes a first roller and a second roller in pressure contact with the first roller. An adjusting mechanism adjusts a degree of rotational axes of the first and second rollers being right angle at a direction in which the medium should be transported by the medium transporting mechanism.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus having a transport path of a recording material, and an image recording unit in the transport path which records an image in the recording material in the process of transporting the recording material in the transport path. It includes: a recording material detection unit which is provided in the transport path and detects the edge at a side end of the recording material transported in the transport path; an operation mode determination unit for discriminating whether or not incorrect detection can be performed in detecting the edge by the recording material detection unit, and determining an operation mode based on the discrimination result; and a control unit for controlling by the image recording unit an image recording process on the recording material in the operation mode.

Abstract: When a toner image larger than a recording material is formed on an image bearing member, and the toner image is transferred onto the recording material as widely as possible to form an image without margins, a toner in a vicinity of an end portion of the recording material adheres to the recording material while remaining unfixed. In order to suppress the adhesion of the toner to the end portion of the recording material, the recording material is passed through a cleaning unit for the end portion of the recording material after fixation. In the cleaning unit, the recording material is sent askew. By being conveyed while an edge of the end portion of the recording material is rubbed against a cleaning member, the recording material becomes less subject to the adhesion of the toner at the end portion thereof.

Abstract: A belt drive device includes: a plurality of rollers; an endless belt placed on the rollers to be movable; a roller shaft shifting member disposed on at lease one end portion of a shaft of at least one of the rollers for shifting the one end portion of the shaft of the one of the rollers according to a movement of the endless belt in a shaft direction of the one of the rollers; a cleaning member disposed to face the one of the rollers; and a shifting member for shifting the cleaning member in the shaft direction of the one of the rollers when the endless belt moves in the shaft direction of the one of the rollers.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic printing apparatus for printing an image to an image transfer sheet medium by producing a latent image on a photosensitive unit and transferring the latent image to the image transfer sheet medium, a width-directional position of the image transfer sheet medium is detected before the latent image is produced and the same after the latent image is produced on the photosensitive unit by the width-directional positional sensor, and the detection results are compared with one another; and it is determined from the comparison result whether or not printing operation is continued.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a printing medium feeder which feeds a printing medium a developing cartridge which forms an image on the printing medium; a fusing unit which fuses the image on the printing medium; and a contact preventing unit between the developing cartridge and the fusing unit and contacts opposite sides of the printing medium to prevent contact between the printing medium and the developing cartridge.

Abstract: A sheet conveying apparatus has a skew conveying correction roller pair 2 for conveying a sheet, skew conveying detection sensors 3a and 3b for respectively detecting a skew of a sheet and a sheet-end-position detection sensor 4 for detecting the side position of the sheet. The skew conveying correction roller pair 2 is skewed by a skew amount obtained by adding a first skew amount for correcting the skew of a sheet detected by the skew conveying detection sensor 3a and 3b and a second skew amount ?2 for correcting the side position of a sheet detected by the sheet-end-position detection sensor 4. After the sheet is nipped by the skew conveying correction roller pair 2, the skew conveying correction roller pair 2 is skewed by the first skew amount ?1.

Abstract: A image recording device includes a sheet feeding unit, an image recording unit, a first feeding control unit, a determination unit, and a recording control unit. The sheet feeding unit feeds a sheet member along a sheet feeding path in a sheet feeding direction. The image recording unit records an image on the sheet member and defines a recordable area which is an area for forming the image on the sheet member. The first feeding control unit controls the sheet feeding unit to feed the sheet member to an entry position before the image recording unit starts to record the image on the sheet member. The determination unit determines whether the sheet member located at the entry position has a skew. The recording control unit controls the image recording unit; to record the image on the sheet member based on a determination result of the determination unit.

Abstract: An image forming member has a first sheet conveying member arranged at upstream side of a sheet conveying path of a sheet material, a second sheet conveying member arranged at downstream side of said sheet conveying path, a guide member which is provided between the first and the second sheet conveying members and guides the sheet material and a movable portion which is provided in the guide member and executes front-and-far-side adjustment of the sheet material by moving a portion against which the tip of sheet material is abutted in parallel to a sheet width direction perpendicular to a conveying direction.

Abstract: An apparatus monitors the motion of sheet, such as in a digital printer. An optical sensor is capable of recording an image in a two-dimensional array of pixels, and has acuity to recognize a terrain of a small area on a sheet that is substantially blank to a human eye. The optical sensor views a portion of a sheet moving in a process direction through a path. A detection system compares at least two recorded terrain images from the sheet, thereby directly measuring velocity and direction of the sheet.

Abstract: A conveying device that conveys a recording medium includes an aligning member into which the leading edge of a recording medium bumps and a control unit that changes conveyance speed of the recording medium moving on a conveying path to bump into the aligning member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the lateral position of a moving sheet in a sheet registration system. A side edge sensor is moved from a known location until the side edge of the moving sheet is detected. A signal is generated indicative of the position of the side edge when it is detected. The position of the side edge as indicated by the signal is used along with skew of the sheet to determine the lateral position of the sheet.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus including an image forming section which forms an image on a sheet and a conveyance section which conveys the sheet to the image forming section, the conveyance section includes: a registration roller, a plurality of loop forming rollers which cause the sheet to form a loop, provided upstream of the registration roller in a sheet conveyance direction and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the sheet conveyance direction, a skew detection sensor which detects a skew of the sheet, and a conveyance roller provided upstream of the loop forming roller; and a control section which controls independently each of the plurality of loop forming rollers based on the detected result of the skew detection sensor. The conveyance roller is swung in the direction perpendicular to the sheet conveyance direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming section which forms an image on a sheet; a conveyance section which conveys the sheet to the image forming section, having a registration roller, a plurality of loop forming rollers which cause the sheet to form a loop, provided upstream of the registration roller in a sheet conveyance direction and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the sheet conveyance direction, a skew detection sensor which detects a skew of the sheet, and a conveyance roller provided upstream of the loop forming roller; and a control section which controls a driving of the conveyance section. The control section controls independently each of the plurality of loop forming rollers based on the detected result of the skew detection sensor.

Abstract: A first longitudinal registration correcting unit corrects a misalignment of a recording medium in its conveying direction. A lateral registration correcting unit corrects a misalignment of the recording medium in its width direction after the misalignment in the conveying direction is corrected by the first longitudinal registration correcting unit. A second longitudinal registration correcting unit corrects the misalignment of the recording medium in the conveying direction again after the misalignment in the width direction is corrected by the lateral registration correcting unit.

Abstract: A medium detecting device to detect information corresponding to a printing medium fed through a medium transport path, includes a detecting unit to detect a contour form information of the printing medium; and a discriminating unit to determine a format of the printing medium and feeding information based on the contour form information of the printing medium detected by the detecting unit.

Abstract: A plurality of scanner bars is arranged in precisely located holes in the frame of a media handling device to detect the passage of the lead and trail edge of media. The multiplicity of scanner bars, arranged linearly at a right angle to the direction of motion of the media, is sampled at some frequency. The scanner bars give not only arrival and departure time of the media from each scanner bar location, but also making some assumptions about the shape of the media, information about the orientation of the media relative to the direction of motion. This information can be used to diagnose improper media handling mechanisms upstream of the sensor or provide information to downstream corrective mechanisms. Preprinted test media, such as, ladder charts, etc., can be used to extract velocity profiles and other paper path dynamic characteristics.

Abstract: A paper transporting apparatus transporting continuous paper to a paper processing part that performs designated processing on the continuous paper includes a drive roller that transports the continuous paper in a forward direction with respect to the paper processing part and a direction opposite to the forward direction by a frictional force, a pre-centering mechanism, disposed upstream of the drive roller with respect to the forward direction, that regulates a position of the continuous paper with respect to the forward direction and a direction orthogonal to the forward direction by abutting against the continuous paper, and a tension increasing mechanism, disposed upstream of the pre-centering mechanism with respect to the forward direction, that increases tension on the continuous paper.

Abstract: Methods and systems for calibrating media indexing errors in a printing device are provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises feeding a calibration media through a printing device, sensing the position of the media as it moves through the printing device, sensing positions of a media indexing component as the media moves through the printing device, determining media indexing position errors based upon the sensed positions, and calculating a compensation factor to be applied based upon the errors. In some embodiments, parameters of a line and/or other function are determined from the error data and the parameters are utilized to calculate a compensation factor. Moreover, in some embodiments, it is determined what range the data fits within, and a predetermined compensation factor is determined based upon the range.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that forms an image on a recording medium by conveying the recording medium in a direction orthogonal to a scanning direction of a carriage having a recording head includes a first detecting unit mounted on the carriage and configured to detect the recording medium; a second detecting unit placed upstream from the first detecting unit in the direction that the recording medium is conveyed and configured to detect the recording medium; and a control unit configured to control operations of the image forming apparatus based on a detection result from the first detecting unit or the second detecting unit.

Abstract: A sheet conveying apparatus according to the invention includes a first stator in which plural belt-like electrodes are arranged in a surface of an insulator at predetermined intervals in a sheet conveying direction; a second stator in which plural belt-like electrodes are arranged in a surface of an insulator at predetermined intervals in a direction orthogonal to the sheet conveying direction; a power supply which applies at least two types of voltages to the electrodes of each of the stators; and control unit which controls the at least two types of the voltages while switching the voltages applied to the electrodes of each of the stator from the power supply, wherein the first stator and the second stator are caused to face each other to form a sheet conveying path such that the electrodes of the stators are orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: In an image forming system having an image forming apparatus main body for forming an image on a sheet and a sheet processing apparatus having a processing portion for processing sheets received from the image forming apparatus main body, sheets are conveyed to the sheet processing apparatus during an operation before starting of an image forming operation of the image forming apparatus main body or interruption of the image forming operation, and the sheet processing apparatus performs a calibrating operation on respective processing portions using the sheets received from the image forming apparatus main body.

Abstract: A sheet conveying apparatus which conveys a recording sheet fed from a sheet feeding section toward a transfer position with controlled timing, including: a pair of registration rollers; a pair of loop rollers to form a loop of the recording sheet, the loop rollers being disposed upstream of the registration rollers in a sheet feeding direction; and a movable conveying unit configured such that the registration rollers and the loop rollers move as a unified body when correcting at least a lateral misalignment, which is a misalignment in a vertical direction to the sheet feeding direction, and inclination of the recording sheet.

Abstract: A medium transport device includes a transport unit for transporting a medium, and a guide member disposed on a downstream side of the transport unit in a direction that the medium is transported. The guide member includes a first portion corresponding to the transport unit and a second portion having a shape different from that of the first portion.

Abstract: A belt conveying device includes: at least three rollers, about which an endless belt to convey an object, is entrained, including an oscillation roller having a rotation shaft, whose one end is fixed and another end is oscillatably supported; a belt detection sensor provided adjacent to a side edge of the belt, which detects presence of the belt; and a belt skew controller which controls the oscillator to oscillate the oscillation roller according to a preset control value in a predetermined range to correct skew. The oscillator moves a rotation center of a movable edge of the oscillation roller along a tangential line of an ellipse having elliptical focuses corresponding to rotation centers of rotation shafts of the two rollers, other than the oscillation roller, positioned respectively in upstream and downstream of and adjacent to the oscillation roller in a belt conveyance direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a drive unit that drives a drive control unit that supplies a first drive current to the drive unit so as to acceleratingly drive an intermediate feeding roller, and supplies a current that is smaller than the first drive current so as to uniformly drive the intermediate feeding roller, and a timing determination unit that determines the timing of supplying a current smaller than the first drive current to uniformly drive the intermediate feeding roller after supplying the first drive current to the drive unit to acceleratingly drive the intermediate feeding roller, wherein in case the timing determination unit determines that the timing to acceleratingly drive the intermediate feeding roller comes to an end, the drive control unit supplies the first drive current to the drive unit for a time period prolonged by a predetermined time period.

Abstract: This invention relates to an image recording apparatus provided with a transporting unit transporting an image recording material whose shape has at a least one side in a predetermined transporting direction; an image recording position detecting unit detecting a position of the at least one side along the predetermined transporting direction, an image recording position correcting unit correcting the image recording position for the image recording material based on result of detection of the at least one side by said image recording position detecting unit; and an image forming unit forming a predesired image on the image recording material at the corrected image recording position.

Abstract: To provide a sheet conveying apparatus capable of enhancing an accuracy of correcting a skew of a sheet, and of preventing position shift of a sheet. The present invention provides a sheet conveying apparatus for conveying a sheet by a sheet conveying unit disposed along a sheet conveying path, including: a skew detection sensor for detecting a skew of the sheet with respect to a sheet conveying direction by a plurality of detection sensors disposed in a direction intersecting perpendicularly the sheet conveying direction; and a skew correction roller adapted to be pivotally moved in a direction of correction of a skew of the sheet in a state with the skewed sheet being held on the basis of a detection signal from the skew detection sensor, in which one of the plurality of detection sensors of the skew detection sensor is disposed nearly on an extension line from a pivotal movement center of the skew correction roller in the sheet conveying direction.

Abstract: In an image reading device of a multifunction device, a sheet transport device is provided with a resist roller and a resist roller in a sheet transport path extending from a document tray on which a document as a sheet is placed to an image reading region where reading of a document is performed. The resist roller and a roller correct skewing of the sheet and delivers the sheet to a transport path extending to the resist roller placed in front of the image reading region. After having been corrected once in the resist roller, the document is transported to the resist roller, so that it is possible to reliably correct skewing of the sheet with the resist roller and the roller.

Abstract: A curved conveying guiding portion which guides a sheet toward a skew correcting unit is provided on a sheet conveying direction upstream of the skew correcting unit which corrects a skew of the sheet by rotating the sheet while conveying it. By narrowing an interval in the vertical direction in a center portion in the lateral direction of the conveying guiding portion, when a sheet S is rotated and corrected by the skew correcting unit, a load which the sheet to be corrected receives from the conveying guiding portion is reduced.

Abstract: The invention provides an image forming apparatus wherein, when forming an image on transfer sheet, the transfer sheet is shifted across the width immediately before transfer of the image onto transfer sheet based on the position of a toner image formed on an intermediate transfer member as an image carrier, and the misalignment across the width is adjusted, thereby ensuring high-speed and high-precision adjustment of the position of the image formed on a single side or both sides.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that forms an image on a surface of a transfer sheet, then, reverses the transfer sheet on which the image has been formed on the surface and then, forms an image on the reverse side of the transfer sheet, wherein there is provided a correcting section that changes a relative position between the transfer sheet and the image on the surface in accordance with an outer shape of the transfer sheet and further changes a relative position between the transfer sheet and the image on the reverse side of the transfer sheet in accordance with an outer shape of the transfer sheet.

Abstract: Systems and methods of registering a sheet in an image reproduction, e.g., a xerographic, device use sheet parameters regardless of the tray or bin with which the sheets are associated, separate tallies of sheet registration correction factors for both sides of a sheet, and use registration errors detected on a first side of a sheet to generate correction factors concerning proper registration of the second side of that sheet. In embodiments, the systems and methods average registration errors for one particular side of a plurality of sheets to obtain a dampened error signal that is taken into account for registration of subsequent sheets on each respective sheet side. In embodiments, the systems and methods determine variations between actual and target system performance to affect subsequent sheet flow and registration.