Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a power supply, a detection member, a plurality of band-pass filters, and a setting unit. The power supply outputs a first charging bias having a first frequency or a second charging bias having a second frequency that is an integral submultiple of the first frequency. The detection member detects a current flowing through a charging member. Each of the plurality of band-pass filters receives an output of a current detected by the detection member. The setting unit uses the band-pass filters for both setting of a peak-to-peak voltage of the first charging bias and setting of a peak-to-peak voltage of the second charging bias.

Abstract: A control portion switches first and second modes based on information which influences a toner charging amount. In the first mode, a driving input to the developer bearing member is stopped in response to image formation completion before or at the same time when a trailing end of a charging area reaches the development position, and an application of the development voltage is stopped after the trailing end reaches the development position. In the second mode, The driving input to the developer bearing member is stopped in response to image formation completion before or at the same time when the trailing end reaches the development position, and the application of the development voltage is stopped at a timing after the trailing end reaches the development position and earlier than that in the first mode, or at the same time when the trailing end reaches the development position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image bearer, a charger, a blower, a first detector, and a second detector. The charger charges a surface of the latent image bearer. The blower sends air to around the charger. The first detector detects a temperature of the air to be sent to around the charger. The second detector detects a temperature around the charger. The blower performs an operation based on a detection result of the first detector and a detection result of the second detector.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an apparatus main body, a photoreceptor drum, a charging apparatus, a developing device, a transfer apparatus, a charging bias applying unit, a developing bias applying unit, a bias adjusting unit, and a print density measurement unit. The bias adjusting unit controls the charging bias applying unit to form a plurality of electric potential areas of electric potentials with different magnitudes. The bias adjusting unit applies a predetermined developing bias corresponding to a target electric potential to the developing roller, so as to form a plurality of toner images by electric potential differences between the developing bias and the plurality of electric potential areas. The bias adjusting unit decides a value of a charging bias corresponding to the target electric potential from measurement results of print densities of the plurality of toner images measured by the print density measurement unit.

Abstract: The image bearing member includes an image bearing member, a charge unit that charges the image bearing member, an exposure unit that exposes the image bearing member by emitting light thereto, a transfer unit that transfers an image formed on the image bearing member, a detection unit that detects a current flowing between the transfer unit and the image bearing member when a voltage is applied to the transfer unit, and a control unit that causes the charge unit to charge the image bearing member through application of a DC voltage, and calculates a surface potential of the image bearing member based on a detection result of the current when the voltage is applied to the transfer unit, after a light whose light amount is higher than a light amount of a light emitted to the image bearing member from the exposure unit is emitted to the image bearing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming device, an electric current detector, and a controller. The image forming device includes a latent image bearer, a charging rotator, a charging power supply, a latent image writing unit, and a developing unit. The controller (i) determines an uneven electric resistance of the charging rotator in a direction of rotation of the charging rotator, based on a detection result by the electric current detector, (ii) perform, at a predetermined timing, data construction processing to construct change pattern data to change an output value of a voltage from the charging power supply according to a predetermined pattern, based on the uneven electric resistance, and (iii) perform, in a print job to form a toner image in response to an instruction, voltage changing processing to charge the latent image bearer while changing the output value of the voltage, based on the change pattern data.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a correction unit configured to execute first correction processing to be executed to bring reproduction characteristics of an image formed by an image forming unit close to a target value and second correction processing different from the first correction processing, and an adjustment unit configured to execute a plurality of adjustment processing including the second correction processing, wherein correction processing by the correction unit is set to be executed at a predetermined timing, and wherein in a case that correction processing by the correction unit is executed at the set timing after adjustment processing is executed by the adjustment unit, the image forming apparatus performs control not to execute the second correction processing included in the adjustment processing and to execute the second correction processing after executing the first correction processing by the correction unit.

Abstract: A developing device includes a toner carrying member, a developer carrying member, a layer thickness restricting portion, a rotation control portion, and a developer carrying member difference voltage control portion. The rotation control portion, when developing is not performed, causes the developer carrying member to rotate forwardly and then to rotate reversely. The developer carrying member difference voltage control portion, in the non-developing forward rotation state, sets a voltage of the developer carrying member that is based on a potential of the toner carrying member, to a voltage that is smaller than a first reference voltage that is set when the developing is performed. The non-developing forward rotation state is a state in which the developer carrying member rotates forwardly when the developing is not performed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a photosensitive member, a charging member that charges the photosensitive member to form a charged surface on a surface of the photosensitive member, an applying unit that applies to the charging member a charging bias composed of a direct voltage superimposed with an alternating voltage, and a toner image forming unit that forms a toner image on the charged surface. A current flowing through the charging member when the charging bias is applied to the charging member is detected by a current detection unit, and currents of different predetermined frequency components are respectively extracted from the detected current by extraction units. Based on the extracted currents, the alternating voltage of the charging bias is adjusted by an adjustment unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer; a transfer rotator to contact the image bearer to form a transfer nip therebetween; a bias application device to apply, to the transfer rotator, a transfer bias, a cleaning bias to remove toner adhering to the transfer rotator, and a non-image area bias smaller in absolute value than the cleaning bias; and a controller to control the bias application device and set a sheet feeding interval according to a predetermined condition. When the sheet feeding interval exceeds a predetermined threshold, the controller causes the bias application device to apply, to the transfer rotator, the non-image area bias for an application time Z and the cleaning bias for a time X?Z within the sheet feeding interval when X represents the sheet feeding interval, and the application time Z is increased as the sheet feeding interval is increased.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, includes an image carrier; a power supply; a charging member, to which the power supply applies a direct current (DC) charging voltage, to charge a surface of the image carrier; and a controller. The controller causes the power supply to apply, to the charging member, the DC charging voltage of a sum of a reference voltage VC and a correction amount ?, so that a charged potential VD of the surface of the image carrier assumes a target value that is substantially equal to the reference voltage VC; and to increase an absolute value of the correction amount ? to be added to the reference voltage VC in inverse proportion to an absolute value of the reference voltage VC, when the absolute value of the reference voltage VC is smaller compared to a case in which the absolute value of the reference voltage VC is greater.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a controller that executes a collection sequence to collect developer of opposite polarity adhering to a charging member. The controller executes the collection sequence by setting a first potential difference to allow the developer of opposite polarity to move from the charging member to an image bearing member, setting a second potential difference to allow the developer of opposite polarity to move from the image bearing member to a developer bearing member and to allow the developer of regular polarity to move from the developer bearing member to the image bearing member, setting a third potential difference to not allow the developer of regular polarity to move from the image bearing member to the charging member, and setting a fourth potential difference to allow the developer of regular polarity to move from the image bearing member to the developer bearing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image-bearing member, which is charged by a charge voltage in which direct and alternating-current voltages are superposed on each other. A toner image is formed on the charged image-bearing member. A current flowing through the charging member is detected when the charge voltage is applied to the charging member. A current, in a frequency band including a discharge current component, is extracted from the detected current. The alternating-current voltage is adjusted based on the current extracted by an extraction unit. Environmental information is acquired. Based on the environmental information acquired by an acquisition unit, a frequency band for extraction performed by the extraction unit is set.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes development sections having development rollers, photosensitive drums, primary transfer rollers disposed opposite to the photosensitive drums in one-to-one correspondence, an intermediate transfer belt, and a voltage application section. The voltage application section includes a first voltage application section and a second voltage application section. In forced toner discharge from the development sections, the first voltage application section applies opposite polarity voltage between each of three upstream primary transfer rollers among the primary transfer rollers and the corresponding one of the photosensitive drums. The second voltage application section applies positive polarity voltage between a most downstream primary transfer roller and the corresponding one of the photosensitive drums.

Abstract: Until an output voltage of a converter reaches a threshold value, a control part performs switching control, and after the output voltage reaches the threshold value, the control part performs supply voltage control while the state of a switching control signal at the time when the output voltage reaches the threshold value is maintained. Switching control is a control method in which the output voltage is adjusted by adjusting the frequency or duty ratio of the switching control signal that drives a driving part. Supply voltage control is a control method in which the output voltage is adjusted by adjusting the supply voltage that is applied to the primary side of the converter.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a patch forming unit, a reversing unit, a patch detecting unit, and a fixing condition correcting unit. The patch forming unit forms a patch for fixability test on conveyed paper by a fixing roller having a fixing condition set corresponding to the execution of a print job. The reversing unit reverses the paper on which the patch for fixability test is formed from the front surface to the back surface through a reversing and conveying path. The patch forming unit detects a characteristic value of the patch for fixability test of the reversed paper using a medium sensor which detects the characteristic value of the back surface of the paper. The fixing condition correcting unit corrects the fixing condition based on the detected characteristic value of the patch for fixability test.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a charging member, a charging bias power source, a developing member, a developing bias power source and a controlling device. The charging member electrically charged an image carrier. The charging bias power source applies a DC charging bias to the charging member. The developing member develops a toner image onto the image carrier. The developing bias power source applies an AC and DC developing bias to the developing member. The controlling device carries out, before image forming process, pre-charging control controlling the charging bias power source to electrically charge the image carrier. The controlling device carries out, after the image forming process is started, post-charging control controlling the charging bias power source and developing bias power source to adjust an electrical potential difference between a surface potential of the image carrier and developing bias to a significant electrical potential difference preventing occurrence of image failure.

Abstract: Non-uniform charged potential of a surface of a photosensitive member is suppressed even when a temperature of a charging member newly mounted to an image forming apparatus by exchange is lower than a temperature inside the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes the photosensitive member, a charge portion, an applying portion for applying a charging bias voltage to the charge portion, a toner image forming portion for forming a toner image on the photosensitive member, a transfer portion, a fixing portion, a first casing accommodating them, and a second casing having a recording material accommodating portion for accommodating a recording material.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an image carrying body, a first electrically conductive member, a bias application device, and a controller. The first electrically conductive member makes contact with the photosensitive layer of the image carrying body The bias application device applies a bias containing an AC bias to the first electrically conductive member. The controller controls the bias application device. The image forming apparatus can execute, while no image formation is being performed, a temperature raising mode in which, with the first electrically conductive member in contact with the image carrying body outside the image formation region, an AC bias having a peak-to-peak value twice as high as the discharge start voltage between the first electrically conductive member and the image carrying body is applied to the first electrically conductive member to raise the temperature of the surface of the image carrying body.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having image supporting members and developing devices provided for a plurality of colors respectively, and a developing bias source. The developing bias source includes DC power circuits provided for the colors respectively, an AC power circuit provided for use in common for all of the colors, and an element provided for at least one of the colors other than black. The developing bias source generates developing biases by superimposing an AC voltage output from the AC power circuit on DC voltages output from the DC power circuits and applies the developing biases to the respectively corresponding developing devices. The element maintains a constant voltage having a potential of an opposite polarity to a potential of charged toner used for the development. The developing bias source further superimposes the constant voltage on the developing bias for the at least one of the colors other than black.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a process unit, a latent image writer, a power source, and a controller. The process unit is detachably attachable relative to the image forming apparatus and includes, as a single integrated unit, a latent image bearing member to bear a latent image on a surface thereof, a charging device to charge the surface of the latent image bearing member, and a development device to develop the latent image with toner. The controller causes the power source to output a charging bias at a predetermined target level supplied to the charging device. The process unit includes a first storage device to store correction information for calculating the predetermined target level of the charging bias in accordance with a combination of the latent image bearing member and the charging device. The controller corrects the predetermined target level based on the correction information in the first storage device.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, the charging bias supply circuit generates a second charging bias voltage that causes no positive discharge between the charging unit and the photoreceptor drum, during a recovery mode, the charging unit charges the surface of the photoreceptor drum upon application of the second charging bias voltage during the recovery mode, and the cleaning unit rubs the surface of the photoreceptor drum charged by the second charging bias voltage, during the recovery mode.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a holding roller which holds thereon developer attached on the image carrier, a transfer member which transfers a developer image on the image carrier to a transfer medium, a collection device which collects the developer on the holding roller via the image carrier, and a control device which executes a collection control of causing the developer held on the holding roller to move to the image carrier such that the collection device collects the developer via the image carrier. The control device applies to the holding roller a first discharge bias having a polarity same as the developer after the collection control starts until a first time elapses and thereafter applies to the holding roller a second discharge bias having a polarity same as the developer and having an absolute value larger than the first discharge bias.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus capable of suppressing deterioration of a charger although an amount of use of the charger is actually small is provided. For that purpose, the image forming apparatus executes simple control of discharge current control in which at least one charging bias smaller in number than number of kinds of test biases in full control of the discharge current control is applied to the charger after a power source is turned on and before an image formation start signal is inputted, and on the basis of a current detected by the detector when the charging bias is applied, selects one from a plurality of modes including a first mode in which a charging bias is set by executing the full control of the discharge current control and including a second member in which the charging bias determined by full control of discharge current control without executing the full control of the discharge current control.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a process unit arranged in the vicinity of the circumference of each photosensitive member and the process unit is configured to act on the photosensitive member in forming a toner image thereon. The image forming apparatus detects a time period since a laser beam emission unit emits a laser beam to the photosensitive member to form an electrostatic latent image for detection until the formed electrostatic latent image for detection or a toner image based on the electrostatic latent image for detection reaches the process unit, and performs color misregistration correction control based on the result of detection. In this case, a control unit at least decreases the light amount of a pre-exposure LED when the electrostatic latent image for detection passes through a position facing the pre-exposure LED.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material includes a cartridge, detachably mountable to a main assembly of the image forming apparatus, including a memory and an image forming process member actable on an image bearing member, and a current detecting portion, provided in the main assembly, for detecting a value of current passing through the process member. The current detecting portion detects the value of the current passing through the process member when a voltage is applied to the process member, and the memory stores information for discriminating whether or not the process member is recyclable on the basis of the detected value of the current.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit, a charging bias application section, a static eliminating bias application section, and a control section. In the case where the image forming unit causes an image carrier to be rotated without forming an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier, the control section performs a bias control to allow the charging bias application section to apply to a charging section a smaller charging bias than used in forming a toner image and allow the static eliminating bias application section to apply to a static eliminating section a smaller static eliminating bias than used in forming the toner image. The control section performs the bias control to increase respective values of the charging bias and the static eliminating bias every one revolution of the image carrier until the charging bias and the static eliminating bias in forming the toner image are reached.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum, a charging roller, a transfer roller, a first bias application unit, a second bias application unit, and a control unit. The charging roller contains an ion conductive material. The first bias application unit applies a first bias to the charging roller. The second bias application unit applies a predetermined bias to the transfer roller. The control unit controls the first bias application unit not to apply the first bias to the charging roller in a non-image forming period in which a toner image is not formed on the photosensitive drum. The control unit controls the second bias application unit to apply the second bias, which is a bias that can electrically charge the surface of the photosensitive drum, to the transfer roller in the non-image forming period.

Abstract: A lubricant applicator includes a block of lubricant, a supply member contactable against the block of lubricant to scrape the block of lubricant, and a lubricant gauge to detect whether a remaining amount of lubricant is less than a threshold value. The lubricant gauge includes a rotary member rotatable about a pivot, a pressing member disposed opposite the rotary member to rotate the rotary member by pressing a contact part of the rotary member as the block of lubricant is consumed, and a detection part of the rotary member opposite to the contact part across the pivot of the rotary member. A length of the rotary member from the pivot to the detection part is longer than a length of the rotary member from the pivot to the contact part.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus performs first control, while rotating an image bearing member at a first speed during non-image-formation, to apply a plurality of alternating-current voltages differing in peak-to-peak voltage to a charging device and to detect the value of each alternating current flowing through the image bearing member. When rotating the image bearing member at a second speed during image formation, the image forming apparatus performs second control, while rotating the image bearing member at the second sped before the start of image formation, to apply an alternating-current voltage determined based on the first control to the charging device. In the second control, the image forming apparatus detects the value of the alternating current flowing through the image bearing member, and determines a peak-to-peak voltage of the alternating-current voltage applied to the charging device at the time of image formation based on the detected alternating current value.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a process unit, a latent image writer, a power source, and a controller. The process unit is detachably attachable relative to the image forming apparatus and includes, as a single integrated unit, a latent image bearing member to bear a latent image on a surface thereof, a charging device to charge the surface of the latent image bearing member, and a development device to develop the latent image with toner. The controller causes the power source to output a charging bias at a predetermined target level supplied to the charging device. The process unit includes a first storage device to store correction information for calculating the predetermined target level of the charging bias in accordance with a combination of the latent image bearing member and the charging device. The controller corrects the predetermined target level based on the correction information in the first storage device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrostatic latent image bearer; a charger to charge a surface of the electrostatic latent image bearer; a power source to output a charging bias supplied to the charger; an electrostatic latent image writing unit to write an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrostatic latent image bearer charged by the charger; a developing unit including a developing member to develop the electrostatic latent image to obtain a toner image; a developing power source to output a developing bias supplied to the developing unit; a processor to adjust the charging bias output from the power source to a predetermined target value; and a storage unit to store an adjustment value algorithm.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer; a charger to charge the image bearer; an electrostatic latent image former to form an electrostatic latent image on the image bearer; an image developer to develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a visual toner image; a transferer to transfer the toner image on a transfer material; a toner concentration calculator to calculate a concentration of the toner; and an optical detector. At least a toner patch image is formed on the image bearer with an irradiation quantity set such that an irradiated part potential is larger than a developing condition, the toner patch image is read by the optical detector, and the charging condition is corrected on the basis of a difference between a toner concentration of the toner patch image and a target toner concentration.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus includes: a first image formation unit including a first image carrier and a first charging member that charges the first image carrier, the first image formation unit using a first developer and; a second image formation unit including a second image carrier and a second charging member that charges the second image carrier, the second image formation unit using a second developer; and a controller that determines a first charging voltage correction amount for correcting a charging voltage to be applied to the first charging member according to an amount of usage of the first image carrier, and determines a second charging voltage correction amount for correcting a charging voltage to be applied to the second charging member according to an amount of usage of the second image carrier. The second charging voltage correction amount is larger than the first charging voltage correction amount.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an update unit configured to cause an image forming unit to form a first measurement image, cause a measurement unit to measure the first measurement image, and update a process condition based on a measurement result; a first determination unit configured to cause the image forming unit to form a plurality of second measurement images, cause the measurement unit to measure the plurality of second measurement images, and determine the process condition based on a measurement result, the plurality of second measurement images being formed according to a plurality of test process conditions; and a second determination unit configured to determine the plurality of test process conditions, based on an environment information obtained by an obtainment unit and the process condition updated by the update unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image bearing member, a charging unit, a charging power source, a latent image writing unit, a development unit, a transfer unit, a toner detector, and a controller. The controller causes a background fog pattern to be formed on a surface of the latent image bearing member. In addition to the background fog pattern, the controller causes a latent image to be developed to form a toner image used for position identification on the surface of the latent image bearing member. The controller identifies a time when the toner image used for position identification has entered a detection range of the toner detector based on a change in outputs of the toner detector to determine a time when each of sections of the background fog pattern enters the detection range based on the identified time.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a charging member, a charging bias power source, a developing member, a developing bias power source and a controlling device. The charging member electrically charged an image carrier. The charging bias power source applies a DC charging bias to the charging member. The developing member develops a toner image onto the image carrier. The developing bias power source applies an AC and DC developing bias to the developing member. The controlling device carries out, before image forming process, pre-charging control controlling the charging bias power source to electrically charge the image carrier. The controlling device carries out, after the image forming process is started, post-charging control controlling the charging bias power source and developing bias power source to adjust an electrical potential difference between a surface potential of the image carrier and developing bias to a significant electrical potential difference preventing occurrence of image failure.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes: a processor; and a memory storing computer readable instructions causing the communication apparatus to: store a condition information in the at least one memory, the condition information representing a condition to transmit data and including a data identification information, and time information representing a target time; perform a determining process corresponding to the condition information, the determining process being performed every time the target time represented by the time information elapses and determining whether a value of the target data represented by the data identification information changes between the previous target time and the current target time; transmit the value of the target data to the management system when the value of the target data changes; and not transmit the value of the target data to the management system when the value of the target data does not change.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus including a photoreceptor on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, a developing roller for forming a visual toner image by supplying toner onto the electrostatic latent image, a transfer unit for transferring the visual toner image onto a recording medium, and a cleaning member for removing residual toner remaining on the photoreceptor after the transfer of the visual toner image from the photoreceptor is described. The image forming apparatus operates in a printing mode, and a collecting mode in which the residual toner on the cleaning member is collected on the developing roller via the photoreceptor. A linear velocity of the developing roller in the collecting mode is faster than in the printing mode.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus including: a rotatable photosensitive member; a rotatable charging brush for electrically charging the photosensitive member by injecting electric charges into a surface of the photosensitive member in contact with the surface of the photosensitive member; a power source for applying a voltage to the charging brush; a potential sensor for detecting a surface potential of the photosensitive member; an executing portion for causing the potential sensor to execute detection in such a manner that after a first potential which is the potential of the photosensitive member charged by applying a first voltage to the charging brush is detected by the potential sensor, the electric charges are removed from the photosensitive member by applying a second voltage smaller in absolute value than the first potential to the charging brush, and then a second potential which is the potential of the photosensitive member after removal of the electric charges is detected by the potent

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a plurality of photoconductors, a plurality of chargers including charging members, a voltage application unit to which charging members are connected in parallel and which is configured to apply a voltage to the charging members, a controller, and a messaging unit. The controller is configured to change, upon startup, the voltage to be applied by the voltage application unit to the charging members from a previously applied first voltage to a second voltage of which an absolute value is smaller than that of the first voltage, to obtain amounts of electric currents caused to flow through the respective charging members by application of the second voltage. A determination as to whether any anomaly is present is made based upon the obtained amounts of electric currents for the charging members. The messaging unit is configured to produce a notification about presence or absence of anomaly.

Abstract: Conveying systems and method for detecting the presence of static electric charge on a conveyor. The conveyor system includes a conveyor with an outer conveying surface. Embedded or external static-electricity sensors make measurements of static electricity on the belt's conveying surface. A controller uses the measurements to control the level of electric charges on the belt by transferring charge to or from the belt.

Abstract: An image formation device for forming an image by an electrophotographic process includes a charge voltage controller configured to control an application charge voltage to be applied to a charge member, a transfer voltage controller configured to control a transfer voltage to be applied to a transfer member, a charge current detector configured to detect a charge current flowing through the charge member, and a controller configured to determine the application charge voltage according to the application charge voltage and the detected charge current, both detected when the transfer voltage controller applies a predetermined transfer voltage.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, comprising: a charge voltage application circuit configured to be connected to a plurality of chargers in a process cartridge and to apply a voltage to the plurality of chargers; a current detection unit configured to detect a current flowing through each of the plurality of chargers; and a controller. The controller judges that the process cartridge is not attached to the image forming apparatus when the current smaller than a first threshold is detected by the current detection unit in a state where the charge voltage application circuit generates a predetermined voltage.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image in accordance with light to be emitted from a light source includes: a digital half-toning unit configured to convert a uniform-pixel-value region of image data to a parallel-line pattern formed with a plurality of parallel lines extending obliquely with respect to a direction, in which pixels are arrayed, thereby expressing each gray level of the image data as an area percentage; a modulated-signal generating unit configured to generate a modulated signal by modulating the converted image data with a clock signal; a light-source driving unit configured to drive the light source according to the modulated signal; and an edge control unit configured to narrow a to-be-illuminated region, which is to be illuminated by the light from the light source, in each of edge neighborhoods of the lines constituting the parallel-line pattern, while increasing intensity of the light.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent-image bearing body, a charging unit, a latent-image writing unit, a development unit, a development power, and a bias control unit. After a start of an image forming operation, the bias control unit performs a process of constantly maintaining an output of a development bias at an adjustment bias value. The adjustment bias value is a central value in a periodic fluctuation range of the output of the development bias. At a timing at which a difference of the development bias from the adjustment bias value in the periodic fluctuation range is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, the bias control unit performs switching from the process of constantly maintaining the output of the development bias at the adjustment bias value to a process of periodically changing the output of the development bias based on development bias control data.

Abstract: An image forming device includes a charging power supply used in applying, to a charging unit, a charging voltage for the purpose of electrostatic latent image formation and a charging bias voltage during a cleaning operation; a developing power supply that is capable of outputting a developing bias voltage of positive polarity and negative polarity to a developing unit; a constant-voltage generating-holding unit that is used in generating and holding a constant potential difference between the charging unit and the developing unit; a developing power control unit that performs output control of a developing bias voltage with respect to the developing unit; and a charging power control unit that, when the developing power control unit performs control to output a developing bias voltage of reverse polarity to the charging unit, performs output control of the charging bias voltage of a predetermined level with respect to the charging power supply.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that bears a latent image, an electrostatic charging unit that negatively charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor uniformly with electricity, and a latent image writing unit that writes a latent image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor. A one-component developing unit renders the latent image visible by developing thereof. A transfer device transfers the toner image from the electrophotographic photoreceptor onto a transfer medium. The inequality C×V<Q?1.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a first conductive member, a bias application device, and a control portion, and performs image formation on a surface of the image bearing member while making the image bearing member rotate. The image forming apparatus is capable of executing a heating-up mode in which, at the time of non-image formation, in a state where the image bearing member is made to rotate at a velocity lower than that used at the time of image formation, an alternating current bias having a frequency higher than that used at the time of image formation and a peak-to-peak value twice or more as large as a discharge start voltage between the first conductive member and the image bearing member is applied to the first conductive member to cause a surface of the image bearing member to be heated up.

Abstract: An image forming device includes each of developing devices including an image carrying part, a charging part that charges the image carrying part, a developing part on which a developing voltage is applied and which attaches developer to the image carrying part to develop the electrostatic latent image, and a control part that controls each of the developing devices. The developers are a white developer and other color developers, one of the developing devices using the white developer being defined the white developing device, the others using the other color developers being defined the non-white developing devices, and a developing potential difference of the white developing device is smaller than other developing potential differences of the non-white developing devices, the developing potential difference being defined between the developing voltage and potential of the image carrying part of the each developing device.