Abstract: A wave generating foil for use in a wave pool is disclosed. The foil has an inner surface that extends from a leading edge to a trailing edge, and the inner surface also extends below and above the water line of the wave pool. The inner surface faces the shore of the wave pool and is constructed to be propelled along a travel line that defines a shore side and an opposite side. The inner surface has (1) a first section that extends away from the leading edge and runs substantially parallel to the travel line; and (2) a second section that extends away from the first section towards the opposite side.

Abstract: A pool wave generator having a pool area and a plurality of chambers for generating a wave in the pool area. Exemplary embodiments described herein may be used to control the fluid flow within the pool area. For example, exemplary embodiments may include a control system for selecting the position of one or more valves of the chamber in order to control the ingress and egress of water from each chamber, inc. Exemplary embodiments may be used to control the wave generated from the chambers, reduced unwanted turbulence, and/or generated a designed wave based on the individual control of the respective chambers.

Abstract: A wave generating system can include a water channel for creating a flow of water to produce a standing wave. A water return passageway can circulate the water back to the inlet of the water channel. One or more pipes can extend under the water channel for circulating the water. A water storage chamber can be positioned below the water channel. Water can be stored in the space between the one or more pipes, and the storage water can be isolated from the water being circulated in the system. The system can produce a hydraulic circuit with hydraulic continuity so that water can be efficiently circulated through the water channel and water return passageway. The system can be modular.

Abstract: Some embodiments include an axial flow pump for a activity pool. An axial flow pump, for example, may include a water reservoir and a pump body disposed within the water reservoir. The pump body may include a shaft seal, a water flow intake, and a water flow output. The axial flow pump, for example, may also include an impeller disposed within the pump body between the water flow intake and the water flow output; an electric motor disposed external to the pump body and external to the water reservoir and a shaft that is coupled with the electric motor, extends into the pump body through the shaft seal and is coupled with the impeller such that the electric motor rotates the impeller causing water to flow into the pump body through the water flow intake and forcing the water to exit the pump body through the water flow output.

Abstract: A graphical user interface (GUI) for customizing wave profiles of waves generated by a caissons in a wave pool is disclosed herein. The GUI includes a screen displaying preload settings including a water height profile in one or more caissons among the plurality of caissons. The GUI includes a screen displaying one or more fill settings including a velocity threshold to control a rate at which water is filled into the caissons. The GUI includes a screen displaying one or more push settings including a dampening factor and/or a manual adjustment of intake and/or exhaust valve angles for controlling a descent of water in the one or more caissons. The first screen, the second screen, and the third screen are operable based on the one or more preload settings, the one or more fill settings, and/or the one or more push settings to generate the wave profiles of waves.

Abstract: A pool wave generator having a pool area and a plurality of chambers for generating a wave in the pool area. Exemplary embodiments described herein may be used to control the fluid flow within the pool area. For example, exemplary embodiments may include a control system for selecting the position of one or more valves of the chamber in order to control the ingress and egress of water from each chamber. Exemplary embodiments may be used to control the wave generated from the chambers, reduced unwanted turbulence, and/or generated a designed wave based on the individual control of the respective chambers.

Abstract: A wave system including an obstacle over which water is pushed to create a wave contoured surface for riding or maneuvering by a user, a reservoir below the riding area, a water outlet, and a water recovery. In some embodiments, the wave system includes a water smoothener separated in communication with, but separated from, the reservoir. In some embodiments, the obstacle is created by a hydraulic jump controlled by a height of the water in the reservoir. In some embodiments, the wave system includes a protection surface positioned such that water entering pumps in the reservoir comes from a lower portion of the reservoir.

Abstract: A wave generating apparatus mobile application controller and method are provided in which a mobile controller actuates a plurality of wave generating chambers in sequence using a delay between the actuation of each chamber to produce a rideable wave in a pool. The mobile application controller allows the user to select the exact type of wave to be produced by the wave generator apparatus by selecting the size, shape, and pattern of the wave. The application also allows the user to use a camera to photograph or record herself or someone else, even while riding a wave.

Abstract: A wave park includes a body of water, and a track positioned in or proximate the body of water. The wave park further includes at least one foil coupled to move along the track and be at least partially submerged in the body of water. The at least one foil has a curvilinear cross-sectional geometry that includes a leading surface that is concave about a vertical axis to provide drag to generate a primary wave laterally in water of the body of water that contacts the leading surface of the foil, and a trailing surface that narrows from a maximum width of the foil adjacent the leading surface to a point at an end of the foil, the trailing surface to decrease the drag of the foil and to minimize oscillatory waves that trail the primary wave from the water moving past the leading surface of the foil.

Abstract: A portable water sports environment is provided. The environment includes a mat positioned on a liner. The front end of the liner may be positioned proximate to a body of water. The back end of the liner may be positioned distally to the body of water. A spray nozzle positioned along a front end of the liner may spray water from the body of water onto the mat and toward the back end of the liner. The environment may a ballast positioned on the top surface of the liner and spaced from the mat. The mat, the top surface of the liner, and the ballast may define a trench that extends away from the back end of the liner and toward the front end of the liner. The trench may guide water received from the spray nozzle toward the front end of the liner and into the body of water.

Abstract: Devices and methods for generating surfable waves in a pool. Waves are generated by removing support, at a progression of areas at the bottom of the pool, for the water in the pool and causing rapid downflow at a progression of areas at the bottom of the pool.

Abstract: A pool wave generator having a pool area and a plurality of chambers for generating a wave in the pool area. Exemplary embodiments described herein may be used to control the fluid flow within the pool area. For example, exemplary embodiments may include a control system for selecting the position of one or more valves of the chamber in order to control the ingress and egress of water from the chamber. Exemplary embodiments may be used to control the wave generated from the chambers, reduced unwanted turbulence, and/or generated a designed wave based on the individual control of the respective chambers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surfing installation (10, 10A, 10B) for generating a surfable wave (60), comprising an inclined ramp (50) to the upper end (51) of which water flows via a water inlet (46), which water is accelerated on the ramp (50) to a first flow speed, the lower end (52) of the ramp (50) leading into a region (30) having a lower second flow speed relative to the first flow speed, and a standing wave, in the flow direction, forming in the region (30) as a result of the water flowing at the first, faster flow speed striking the water flowing at the second, lower flow speed.

Abstract: A wave generator body, in the following body, configured to be moved through water along a track direction (T), comprises a first part forming the bow of the body when the body is moved through water along the track direction (T), a second part arranged downstream of the first part and forming the stern of the body when the body is moved through water along the track direction (T). The body is configured with a variable width (W).

Abstract: A wave generation assembly for producing a wave in a pool for surfing includes a below ground pool that is filled with water. A boat hull is integrated into the below ground pool and the boat hull is partially submerged in the water contained in the below ground pool. An outlet jet is coupled to the boat hull such that the outlet jet is submerged in the water. A propulsion unit is integrated into the boat hull and the propulsion unit is in fluid communication with the outlet jet. The propulsion unit urges the water outwardly through the outlet jet at a velocity sufficient to generate a wave in the water which extends away from the boat hull. In this way the outlet jet facilitates the user to surf on the wave generated by the outlet jet.

Abstract: A wave pool for generating surfable waves is disclosed. The wave pool includes a pool for containing water. The pool defines a channel having a first side wall, a second side wall, and a bottom with a contour that slopes upward from a deep area proximate the first side wall toward a sill defined by the second side wall. The wave pool further includes at least one foil at least partially submerged in the water near the side wall, and being adapted for movement by a moving mechanism in a direction along the side wall for generating a wave in the channel that forms a breaking wave on the sill. The wave pool further includes one or more passive flow control mechanisms to mitigate a mean flow of the water induced by the movement of the at least one foil in the direction along the side wall.

Abstract: In an artificial surfing system for generating a standing wave, comprising a water circuit, in which a first wave generating device is arranged, which comprises a wave pool and a ramp arranged upstream of the wave pool, over which the water flows down into the wave pool, wherein the water circuit downstream of the wave pool of the first wave generating device comprises a water backflow, via which the water is made available to a pump with which the water can be conveyed from the backflow upwards to the first wave generating device, at least one further wave generating device is arranged in the backflow, to which the water coming from the first wave generating device flows.

Abstract: The present invention is an aquaponic assembly, comprising at least one tank, wherein the tank is sized to contain a predetermined quantity and species of fish; a radial flow settler connected to the at least one tank, wherein the radial flow settler receives a liquid from the at least one tank, wherein the liquid contains fish excrement and the radial flow settler sorts solid excrement from the liquid; a mineralization system is connected to the radial flow settler, wherein the liquid from the radial flow settler undergoes a mineralization process to adjust the composition of the liquid; a series of liquid beds connected to the mineralization system, wherein the liquid passes through the series of liquid beds; and a plurality of substrates positioned within the liquid beds.

Abstract: A wave generating apparatus mobile application controller and method are provided in which a mobile controller actuates a plurality of wave generating chambers in sequence using a delay between the actuation of each chamber to produce a rideable wave in a pool. The mobile application controller allows the user to select the exact type of wave to be produced by the wave generator apparatus by selecting the size, shape, and pattern of the wave. The application also allows the user to use a camera to photograph or record herself or someone else, even while riding a wave.

Abstract: A wave generating apparatus mobile application controller and method are provided in which a mobile controller actuates a plurality of wave generating chambers in sequence using a delay between the actuation of each chamber to produce a rideable wave in a pool. The mobile application controller allows the user to select the exact type of wave to be produced by the wave generator apparatus by selecting the size, shape, and pattern of the wave. The application also allows the user to use a camera to photograph or record herself or someone else, even while riding a wave.

Abstract: A countercurrent swimming system for swimming pools or swimming baths comprises a housing box which has at least one water inlet opening and at least one water outlet opening, a propeller for generating a water flow, which propeller is arranged in a flow channel, the flow channel opening into the at least one water outlet opening downstream of the propeller and hydraulically communicating with the at least one water inlet opening upstream of the propeller, a drive motor for the propeller. The countercurrent swimming system includes the drive motor arranged outside of the housing box and in that the propeller and the drive motor are coupled to one another via a magnetic coupling.

Abstract: A wave park is disclosed that includes a pool for containing a body of water, and a track positioned proximate the pool. The wave park further includes at least one foil coupled to move along the track, the at least one foil being at least partially submerged in the body of water. The at least one foil has a curvilinear cross-sectional geometry that includes a leading surface that is concave about a vertical axis to provide drag to generate a primary wave laterally in water of the body of water that contacts the leading surface of the foil, and a trailing surface that narrows from a maximum width of the foil adjacent the leading surface to a point at an end of the foil, the trailing surface to decrease the drag of the foil and to minimize oscillatory waves that trail the primary wave.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a wave generator configured to move water on a front side of the wave generator to generate a surfable wave and a displacer configured to move in synchronization with the wave generator, the displacer to displace water on a back side of the wave generator to compensate for water elevation changes on the back side of the wave generator that would occur in the absence of the displacer.

Abstract: A wave generator pool that may be used for surfing, which has reefs configured to provide a variety of novel wave shapes. Reefs may have multiple sections with varying angles, causing the shape or direction of the wave to change as a surfer rides the wave. One or more embodiments of the pool may have two basins that share a common wave generator, resulting in substantial energy savings. An illustrative dual basin pool may have an intermediate basin on one side and a beginner basin on the other. The intermediate basin may have an easy takeoff reef section with a reef angle between 65 and 85 degrees. The beginner basin may have several isolated takeoff reef sections where a corresponding number of surfers can await a wave. Reefs may be constructed and reconfigured using a modular reef structure that avoids the months of downtime associated with rebuilding fixed reefs.

Abstract: A wave generating apparatus mobile application controller and method are provided, in which a mobile controller actuates a plurality of wave generating chambers in sequence using a delay between the actuation of each chamber to produce a rideable wave in a pool. The mobile application controller allows the user to select the exact type of wave to be produced by the wave generator apparatus by selecting the size, shape, and pattern of the wave. The application also allows the user to use a camera to photograph or record herself or someone else, even while riding a wave.

Abstract: A wave pool for generating surfable waves is disclosed. The wave pool includes a pool for containing water. The pool defines a channel having a first side wall, a second side wall, and a bottom with a contour that slopes upward from a deep area proximate the first side wall toward a sill defined by the second side wall. The wave pool further includes at least one foil at least partially submerged in the water near the side wall, and being adapted for movement by a moving mechanism in a direction along the side wall for generating a wave in the channel that forms a breaking wave on the sill. The wave pool further includes one or more passive flow control mechanisms to mitigate a mean flow of the water induced by the movement of the at least one foil in the direction along the side wall.

Abstract: A wave making apparatus for use with a wave pool having water is disclosed. The apparatus includes a wave making chamber having an interior and a plurality of chamber walls. The chamber also has a passageway connecting the interior to the wave pool and constructed to allow water to flow there-between. A water vane is disposed of in or adjacent to the passageway. The wave vane includes at least one smooth and curved water vane wall, which, in combination with the plurality of chamber walls, creates at least two conduit paths for the water flowing between the interior and the wave pool. The conduit paths have two ends, and the water enters one end in a first direction and exits the second end in a second direction.

Abstract: A plunger wave making apparatus for creating a surface wave in a body of water. The waves are generated by a plurality of side by side individual plungers oscillating up and down, placed along different shapes such as a linear straight line, square, polygon, triangle and hexagon shapes. Plunger Wave Makers oscillating at individual different times in a non-sequence manner and oscillating in sequence one plunger at a time in a delayed actuation. The plungers have the ability to produce swells in different directions. The plunger wave making apparatus is made of an internal steel structure with EPS Geo Foam secured to the outside of the steel internal structure with end caps. Ballast Water is placed inside the inner steel structure of the plungers to offset upward buoyancy forces. The wave making plungers are placed on a back wall angled between 30-90 degrees.

Abstract: An aquatic sports amusement apparatus includes a plurality of wave generating chambers that release water into a pool. A plenum is pneumatically connected to each chamber and a plurality of fans is connected to the plenum to pressurize the plenum. A plurality of sensors is also connected to the plenum and measure the pressure of the plenum. And a plurality of vents is connected to the plenum and release pressure from the plenum upon actuation. A controller connected to the vents and sensors, performs the following steps: (a) measure the pressure from a sensor in the plurality of sensors; and (b) if the measured pressure is greater than a preset set point pressure, then actuating a vent from the plurality of vents to release pressure.

Abstract: A wave-generating apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a wave pool with a bottom, wherein the bottom is upwardly-inclined along a length of the wave pool and defines a deep edge and a beach edge. A wave generator is placed adjacent to the deep edge. An open wave-damping trough is placed adjacent to the beach edge and is adapted to retain water. The apparatus is constructed such that when the wave generator is not actuated, the pool retains water defining a static water level, and a portion of the beach edge is above the static water level. When the wave generator is actuated, it creates a wave that propagates across the wave pool from the deep edge to the beach edge, and the wave energy is dampened when the wave encounters the water retained in the trough.

Abstract: A wave generating system can include a water channel for creating a flow of water to produce a standing wave. A water return passageway can circulate the water back to the inlet of the water channel. One or more pipes can extend under the water channel for circulating the water. A water storage chamber can be positioned below the water channel. Water can be stored in the space between the one or more pipes, and the storage water can be isolated from the water being circulated in the system. The system can produce a hydraulic circuit with hydraulic continuity so that water can be efficiently circulated through the water channel and water return passageway. The system can be modular.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the technical field of movement monitoring, and provides a video monitoring apparatus and method for an operating state of a wave maker. When the operating state of the wave maker is monitored, an image collected by a camera is subjected to mark point detection and a central position is computed. Then, the position of each mark point is tracked in a dynamic video; and the operating condition of each wave paddle is assessed according to the motion state of the mark point. In the present invention, operating monitoring of the wave paddle is independent of a wave making control system, and the operating condition of the wave paddle is monitored in real time through a non-contact image measurement mode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for providing training to a surfer. The method involves highlighting the critical elements of the surfing region, enabling a surfer to comprehend complex dynamic environments, (such as barrells), better understand what expert surfers do in such environments, and then progressing such maneuvers from the mind to the physical environment as actual performance. The apparatus comprises a sensory cue generator capable of delivering cues that enable a surfer to visualize maneuvers in their mind, practice in virtual/augmented reality, and the physical environment in artificially and naturally generated surfing conditions. The sensory cues are delivered dynamically to the surfer, in an intuitive fashion correlated with the surfing visualizations, simulations or environments, prompting the surfer to deploy correct surfing maneuvers, greatly reducing the learning curve and progressing physical and mental performance as never before.

Abstract: A toilet bowl water sterilization device and a method therefor, which may electrolyze toilet bowl water stored in a toilet bowl water tank or a pipe, convert the toilet bowl water into electrolyzed water suitable for sterilization and cleaning through the electrolyzing, and sterilize various bacteria which live in a toilet bowl as well as the toilet bowl water tank or the pipe without using a toilet bowl cleaning agent, such as a chemical substance or a surfactant.

Abstract: A wave making apparatus for use with a wave pool having water is disclosed. The apparatus includes a wave making chamber having an interior and a plurality of chamber walls. The chamber also has a passageway connecting the interior to the wave pool and constructed to allow water to flow there-between. A water vane is disposed of in or adjacent to the passageway. The wave vane includes at least one smooth and curved water vane wall, which in combination with the plurality of chamber walls, create at least two conduit paths for the water flowing between the interior and the wave pool. The conduit paths have two ends, and the water enters one end in a first direction and exits the second end in a second direction.

Abstract: A wave making apparatus for creating a surfing wave in a body of water. The waves are generated using a controlled up and down motion of Fiber Glass, (FRP), or EPS Geo Foam Mechanical Plungers in a way that allows the control and shape and therefore surf characteristics of the wave. The plunger wave making apparatus is assembled side by side in a vertically manner on a 45-degree sloped back wall. Water ballast is added to the front and main compartments of the wave making plungers to optimize power requirements to power the plungers up and down to produce the waves into the body of water.

Abstract: A wave generating apparatus (100) for generating at least one wave in a surface of a body of water (102) has at least one wave generating object (12, 150) with at least one wave generating surface (13, 152), drive means (108, 110) for causing the wave generating object to oscillate along a path (106), with the wave generating object in contact with the body of water for at least some of the time. When there is a single wave generating object (12, 150), the wave extends away from the wave generating object and when there are multiple wave generating objects (12, 150), the wave generating objects (12, 150) and wave generating surfaces (13, 152) are configured such that substantially all of any waves generated extend away from the wave generating objects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic pump (10) comprising a pump shaft (52) and a casing (46) delimiting a liquid circulation duct (44) in which the cross-section of the outlet orifice (12) is flattened and is oriented such that the liquid outlet direction (14) is inclined from a longitudinal axis (22) of the pump shaft passing through the casing, the casing comprising a first segment (100a) in which the inside surface (102a) has a circular cross-section centred on said longitudinal axis (22) and surrounding a pump impeller (60) supported on the pump shaft (52). According to the invention, the first segment (100a) has a downstream end starting from which the cross-section of the casing inside surface becomes flattened.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the technical field of image measurement, and provides a motion measurement method and apparatus applied to a large multi-paddle wave simulation system. When the motion of the wave maker is measured, firstly site images are collected by the cameras; the mark point on each wave making paddle in the image processing boards is identified; and a central position is computed. Then, the central position is contrasted with the initial position to calculate displacement of the image plane and convert the displacement into the displacement on a physical space in combination with calibration parameters. Next, data is transmitted to the computer through the EtherCAT network, and coded identification is conducted on the data. Finally, comparative analysis is conducted on a measured value and a target value of the motion of the wave making paddle in the computer, thereby obtaining motion information of the wave maker.

Abstract: A wave generator for a wave pool with a floating attenuator housed within a caisson compartment that has mass, density and weight characteristics that enable it to remain substantially in contact with the top surface of the water in the compartment. Additional mechanisms are provided which help to keep the attenuator in a substantially horizontal orientation within the caisson, such that unwanted wave motions and water movements within the caisson compartment can be substantially reduced or eliminated. These mechanisms include the adaptation of a vertical post within the compartment and cable and pulley systems that are designed to help control the up and down movement of the attenuator as it travels up and down within the compartment.

Abstract: A wave generating system.

Abstract: A disclosed facility includes a wave generator, a support including an edge zone, a culminating zone, a progression zone sloping upwardly between the edge and culminating zones, a crest between the culminating zone and a depressed zone depressed relative to the crest, water situated over the edge and progression zones, forming part of an aquatic environment including horizontally contiguous upper and deep regions which are respectively higher than and lower than the edge zone, and an inner zone over the edge and progression zones and which is vertically contiguous with the upper region; the facility being configured such that the water at end of travel of the waves gets past the crest and falls into a reception volume delimited by the depressed zone when the generator is in use; and a fluidic communication below the support linking the deep region to an opening that is open to the reception volume.

Abstract: A wave pool having a deep end and a shallow end with a plurality of wave generators along the deep end that are extended along a curved stagger line positioned at an oblique angle relative to the moving waves. The wave generators are preferably extended in a substantially staggered manner relative to the travel direction of the waves. A pair of dividing walls is preferably provided in front of each generator, wherein the dividing walls are extended substantially forward with a fade angle of no more than about 20 degrees relative to each other. The wave generators are preferably operated in sequence, such that a plurality of wave segments is generated, and such that the wave segments travel forward and then merge together to form a substantially uniform resultant wave which travels forward and then breaks along the shallow end.

Abstract: A surf pool design comprising of an artificial contiguous reef, consisting of a first and second reef sub sections and a specific surf pool design that function together to create a surf pool for recreational surfing. Aspects of the invention provide a surf pool including a contiguous artificial reef of any shape or size. The continuous artificial shaped reef can include an inclined slope traversing the reef from the tip of the first artificial reef sub section to the open end of the second artificial reef sub section. The definition for the purpose of this invention an artificial contiguous reef, is a reef that is angled, contoured and shaped to the bottom of the surf pool. The meaning of pool in the embodiment is any artificially created body of water such as a pool, lake or lagoon which is constructed for the purpose of recreational surfing.

Abstract: A wave generating apparatus mobile application controller and method is provided in which a mobile controller actuates a plurality of wave generating chambers in sequence using a delay between actuation of each chamber to produce a rideable wave in a pool. The mobile application controller allows the user to select the exact type of wave to be produced by the wave generator apparatus by selecting size, shape, and pattern of the wave. The application also allows the user to use a camera to photograph or record herself or someone else, even while riding a wave.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the technical field of irrigation and water conservancy, and discloses a method for acquiring anisotropic basin surface roughness and use thereof.

Abstract: A wave generating system can include a water channel for creating a flow of water to produce a standing wave. A water return passageway can circulate the water back to the inlet of the water channel. One or more pipes can extend under the water channel for circulating the water. A water storage chamber can be positioned below the water channel. Water can be stored in the space between the one or more pipes, and the storage water can be isolated from the water being circulated in the system. The system can produce a hydraulic circuit with hydraulic continuity so that water can be efficiently circulated through the water channel and water return passageway. The system can be modular.

Abstract: A wave generator which may e.g. rest on a deck of a concrete swimming pool is disclosed. The wave generator may include a chassis for support of other components, have structure for engaging a supporting environmental surface or object, an agitator to be periodically projected into the water, and an oscillating device for periodically projecting the agitator into the water and withdrawing the agitator from the water to enable subsequent impingements against the water. The oscillating device includes a rocker arm, a powered crank mechanism to rock the rocker arm, and a support arm to hold the agitator below the elevated end of the rocker arm, thus enabling the agitator to impinge against the surface of the water. Optionally, functional components of the wave generator are covered by a cover simulating e.g. a whale. Optionally, the wave generator includes a protective cage held in the water below the agitator.

Abstract: A wave park includes a body of water, and a track positioned in or proximate the body of water. The wave park further includes at least one foil coupled to move along the track, the foil being at least partially submerged in the body of water. Each foil has a curvilinear cross-sectional geometry that includes a leading surface that is concave about a vertical axis to provide drag to generate a primary wave laterally in water of the body of water that contacts the leading surface of the foil, and a trailing surface that narrows from a maximum width of the foil adjacent the leading surface to a point at an end of the foil, the trailing surface to decrease the drag of the foil and to minimize oscillatory waves that trail the primary wave from the water moving past the leading surface of the foil.

Abstract: A wave pool includes a channel that includes a bottom contour with a depth that runs from a deep end to a shoal or beach. One or more three-dimensional foils are vertically arranged along at least one side of the channel, and moved against the water in the channel. Each foil has a curvilinear cross-sectional geometry that defines a leading surface that is adapted to generate a wave in water moving past the leading surface, and a trailing surface configured for flow recovery to avoid separation of the flow of water in the wave and to mitigate drag from the foil from the water moving past the leading surface.