Abstract: The invention is an input device for Arabic letters installed on key pads of the electrical devices. Arabic letters are divided into the main letters which are the common letter parts or bases of each Arabic letters and the subscripts to be added on the main letters, and inputting operation is implemented in a way that the main letters is inputted first, and the subscripts is inputted later, so the consistency of the input method is maintained, and the number of key operating could be minimized without increasing the number of key.

Abstract: A system for inputting data in an electronic device comprising: a segmented pattern on a touch sensitive graphical user interface; a numeric value associated to each of the segments; a set of the numeric values associated to at least one character to provide a corresponding character table stored in the electronic device; an input signal received on at least one segment to provide an input having numeric values; a sequence of at least one segment determined according to the input having numeric values and the character table; a matched character determined according to input having numeric values, the sequence and the character table; wherein the matched character is displayed on the touch sensitive graphical user interface of an electronic device, stored and the segmented pattern on the touch sensitive graphical user interface of the electronic device is reset.

Abstract: The method for typing in Arabic includes using a keyboard having conventional key sets, such as, function keys, numeric keys, specialized command keys, a spacebar, left and right shift keys, a backspace key and a set of alphabet keys. Each of the alphabet keys includes indicia representing a first letter of a first alphabet and a second letter of a second alphabet. Actuation of a combination of the left shift key and an alt key switches functionality of each of the alphabet keys from displaying the first letter associated therewith, upon actuation of the respective key, to displaying the second letter associated therewith. A default function associated with each of the alphabet keys displays a first diacritic associated with the first alphabet in combination with the respective first letter. Subsequent actuation of the backspace key removes the display of the first diacritic from the respective first letter.

Abstract: A method of forming words utilizing a character actuator unit in which the character actuators are segregated into certain categories. First and second categories are employed and activated simultaneously to generate the beginning and ending of a word. First and second actuating categories may be combined with third and fourth categories of actuators to further form and modify words in any languages.

Abstract: A terminal is designed so that a user who employs numerical keys, allocated for the entry of dots, can enter Braille dot combinations that are used for the input of characters. The input characters may be output as speech for feedback. Further, when a terminal accesses a server, Braille dot combinations can be entered in the above described manner, and speech can be fed back from the server. Furthermore, the server can provide a service for the user in accordance with a character string input at the terminal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus editing and creating multidirectional or multidimensional text includes an editor responsive to keystrokes representing text characters and editing commands for generating a string of codes defining a text and a parser responsive to operation of the editor for reading the codes of the string and parsing the codes into encoded units. Each encoded unit is made up of a group of codes defining a group of characters that are positioned in an expression as a unit and the system further generates a unit structure for each encoded unit. Each unit structure contains information defining a visual representation of the corresponding encoded unit. The parser is responsive to operation of the editor for reading the unit structures and corresponding codes of the string and generating a visually displayable representation of the text.

Abstract: A daisy wheel for a typewriter having a plurality of petals with a character head on the end of each petal comprising irregular width characters on the ends of the petals and means for positioning the character heads in an irregular spacing about the circumference of said daisy wheel to accommodate the irregular width characters.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for computer composition of Nastaliq script and similar Ruka'ah script of the Urdu group of languages (Arabic, Persian, Punjabi, Pushto, Sindhi) in full conformance to rules of a script. Basic constituent elements of the characters of scripture are stored in a computer memory and these elements in response to user command are joined with each other, as required, to compose scripture according to a set of rules defined and stored in a rules dictionary. Combinations of characters that do not conform to the general rules contained in the dictionary are treated and executed as exceptional cases by the computer program. Moreover, an efficient mapping of Urdu characters to the existing QWERTY keyboard is achieved by matching character frequency of occurrence to finger agility, by pattern recognition features of similar characters, and by rationalizing the overall finger workload.

Abstract: For effecting the automatic selection of Arabic character forms for display/printing of Arabic script, the structure of Arabic words is defined in terms of the respective shapes of the characters, and then production rules are derived to logically effect selection of an appropriate variant shape for any given character. By the disclosed teaching, a method and system are defined capable of handling not only the usual text, but also initials, acronyms, vowels, compound shapes, special end-of-word and stand-alone shapes.

Abstract: A digital control device is used with a character generator for producing text in a typescript having multiform characters, such as Arabic script. The character generator includes a character store with a base page section to store codes identifying the base body of the characters and at least one additional page section to store codes identifying special character forms. The control device is arranged to register and process the incoming character identification codes to produce a control signal having a first state to enable a final address code to be produced to address the base page section in the character store and having a second state to enable a final address code to be produced to address the additional page section in the character store.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition device for texts in Arabic letters which comprises a keyboard having several keys each corresponding to only one basic letter in all of its shapes, and an electronic device having a memory retaining the codes corresponding to all the shapes of each of the basic letters. A working memory retains the characteristics of the keys depressed immediately before and after the considered key, and a logic determines according to the characteristics memorized in the working memory, the code corresponding to the appropriate shape of the basic letter.

Abstract: A system displays data in a first and second alphabet selectable by the operator, the second alphabet being of the kind in which the characters differ in form according to their position in the context. The system receives data in the form of a sequence of standard binary code bytes representing alpha-numeric characters in the first alphabet, alpha-numeric characters in the second alphabet in which the characters are presented in one of the various forms possible for them in accordance with their position in the context, punctuation marks in the two alphabets, and editing functions. A display unit is connected to a ROM, both controlled by a processing unit wherein the ROM contains all of the characters of the first alphabet and all of the forms of all of the characters of the second alphabet including the form transmitted in the standard binary code and corresponding forms, depending upon their respective positions in the context.

Abstract: In a symbol-display system which includes a keyboard for entering codes related to the symbols to be displayed and a memory for storing the codes associated with a line of symbols to be displayed, the symbols being from a font which includes at least one character represented by a set of symbols wherein the actual symbol to be used of the set is determined by the presence or absence on the displayed line of a space symbol immediately adjacent the character, there is disclosed the method of loading the codes in the memory for the display of a line of symbols by providing the keyboard with a key for each character that may be displayed as one of the symbols of the associated set wherein each of the keys represents a base symbol of the set, generating when one of the keys is depressed a base coded-combination of bits and modifying the base coded-combination of bits by changing at least one of the two least significant bits when any immediately adjacent key generated character is a space symbol.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coding, transmitting, receiving, and displaying remotely or locally, all Arabic-Farsi characters or letters, basic arithmetic signs, numerals, punctuation marks and diacritical marks, as well as teleprinter operation commands in 5-bit standard Baudot codes. An Arabic-Farsi teleprinter similar in operation to the English teleprinter and compatible with the International exchange systems is provided without eliminating any letter forms. The teleprinter operation (the ability to compress the data into 5-bit characters) is based upon two basic criteria of the Arabic-Farsi languages, namely: (1) the form (start, middle, end or independent) of a character can be known if the preceding character and the following characters are known; and (2) there are six characters that are identical except for the presence or absence of a dot.

Abstract: An interactive ink jet printer prints characters of a language from left to right or right to left in accordance with the direction in which the language is normally written. The signals for the direction in which a motor, which moves ink droplet supply device relative to a recording medium, the signals from a grating, which indicates the direction of motion of the ink droplet supply device and its position relative to a reference position, and the signals for the location of the ink droplet supply device at the reference position are changed whenever the direction of character printing is to be reversed.

Abstract: A printing element (90) which is rotatable to different positions to print characters having different widths is carried by a carriage (98). The width of each character is divided into a leading width portion and a trailing width portion which are oriented leftwardly and rightwardly respectively of a centerline of the character. For printing a present or next character, the trailing width portion of a previous character is added to the leading width portion of the present character and the carriage (98) is shifted by a shift width which is equal thereto. The character is printed following the shift operation. For printing a character at the beginning of a line or following a blank space, the carriage (98) is shifted only by the leading width portion of the present character prior to printing.

Abstract: An Arabic language or other right to left writing typewriter having mechanism normally effecting letter feeding movement from right to left in response to type actions is provided with additional mechanism selectively operatively positionable to effect power operated left to right letter feeding movement in response to type actions.

Abstract: The aesthetic characteristics of adjacent characters are used to enhance the quality of output in a proportional spacing printer and to provide right margin justification for composing. Spacing between characters is determined on the basis of the character being printed and the preceding character already printed on the page. An intercharacter displacement memory contains a list of ideal spacing for all combinations of characters to be printed. As each character is typed, it and the previously stored preceding character address the intercharacter displacement memory. The output of the intercharacter displacement memory is the ideal value of escapement for this combination of characters and font style. The printer positions the print head prior to printing the next character, rather than positioning the print head after the previous character is printed.

Abstract: Printed characters are transmitted by storing data words in a transmitter representing character sequences for operating a printing head in accordance with a first mode, producing in the transmitter code words different from data words representing the character sequences and transmitting messages including the code words to a receiver which has a printing head which can operate selectively in accordance with the first mode or a second mode. A printing head provided with at least one printing element at the receiving station is supplied with binary character sequences which trigger printing commands. A character generator is provided which stores the binary character sequences of predetermined characters and, following the reception of data words assigned to the characters, emits the appropriate binary character sequences.

Abstract: Predetermined characters or graphic patterns are transmitted from a transmitting station to a receiving station in a system wherein a printing head is provided with at least one printing component in the receiving station and is supplied with binary character sequences which trigger printing commands. The binary character sequences which represent the predetermined characters are stored in the receiving station in a character generator from which the sequences are read following the transmission of data words assigned to the predetermined characters, and are fed to the printing head. When graphic patterns are transmitted, code words are produced in the transmitting station to describe the graphic patterns, which words possess the same format as the data words.

Abstract: An apparatus is described which permits a dual display on two pages one next to the other on a cathode ray tube. During the scanning of each line of n characters, the address of the character position k, where k is lower than n, is detected and in response to this detection, a signal is generated for stopping the counting of the character positions during a predetermined time. Thereafter, the address of the character position (k+1) is detected and in response to this second detection, an inhibit signal is produced for the duration of the stop signal for inhibiting the illumination of the spot on the CRT screen. Also the addresses of character positions o-k are converted into addresses of character positions n through (k+1) respectively in response to a select signal indicating the selection of one of the pages on the CRT screen.

Abstract: A system, and related process, for mechanical reproduction of Arabic script is characterized by immediate response to user input and by full conformity to the ordinary calligraphic rules of the Arabic language. The process involves temporary storage of text being processed in a variety of coded representations, discrimination of the appropriate form of a given letter in view of its graphic context, and immediate display of the appropriate form on a video monitor. This displayed form may subsequently be erased and replaced by a different form of the same letter conditioned by subsequent user input. The user is also enabled to delete previously entered characters, with appropriate modification of the other characters presently displayed. In general, the Arabic text displayed is immediately updated to reflect each new character of user input, and is always maintained in a state of orthographic correctness.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coding, transmitting, receiving and displaying remotely or locally, all Arabic-Farsi characters or letters, basic arithmetic signs, numerals, punctuation marks and diacritical marks, as well as teleprinter operation commands in 5-bit standard Baudot codes. An Arabic-Farsi teleprinter similar in operation to the English teleprinter and compatible with the International exchange systems is provided without eliminating any letter forms. The teleprinter operation (the ability to compress the data into 5-bit characters) is based upon two basic criteria of the Arabic-Farsi languages, namely: (1) the form (start, middle, and or independent) of a character can be known if the preceding character and the following characters are known; and (2) there are six characters that are identical except for the presence or absence of a dot.

Abstract: The teleprinter is provided with a bialphabetic keyboard, for example latin and arabic, and a dot printing head controlled by two different character generating units corresponding to the two alphabets. The teleprinter is normally predisposed for one of the two alphabets and can be switched to the other alphabet by means of a sequence of characters. The arabic character generating unit is adapted to recognize predetermined sequences for generating composite characters, i.e. the lam-alef group. Furthermore, some characters at the end of a word are generated by adding a tail to the normal character in response to the spacing code. The teleprinter can be connected to the conventional existing teleprinters, since neither the composite characters, nor the tails are transmitted on the line.