Abstract: An electronic database search system can identify database records having textual expressions that match, or are similar to, an operator-designated search expression. The system features a mechanism for transforming linguistic expressions, e.g., words, into linguistically salient word skeletons. Skeletal modification and suffix stripping features are employed to enhance expression-matching qualities of the word skeletons and to reduce data storage requirements.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter, comprising: (a) a keyboard (2) generating a signal corresponding to a depressed key and comprising at least a plurality of character keys (5) for inputting character data, a space key (4) for separating said character data into words and a release key (6), a dictionary memory (12) for storing a plurality of words, a working memory (13) for sequentially storing said plurality of words, a spelling check control means (11) for reading out word data from said dictionary memory (12) as well as said plurality of words inputted via said keyboard, comparing the spelling of said words with said word data, and judging whether or not the spelling of said words is correct, means for disabling said spelling check control means (11), said means disabling said spelling check control means (11) only for a first word inputted after the depression of said release key (6) of said keyboard (2), and visible outputting means (8), (9) for outputting input data visibly.

Abstract: A compound word spelling verification technique is described for use with a dictionary which does not include all verifiable compounds. During verification of a text word, an attempt is made to find a pair of words in the dictionary of which the text word consists. A table associated with the dictionary includes compound class information relative to each of the words stored therein. The compound class of each of the pair of words of which the input text word consists are tested for compatibility to determine if each of the pair of words may acceptably be used in a compound word in the physical position in which it is found in the input text word.

Abstract: A word processing system for inserting characters into a series of displayed characters within a predetermined field, including a circuit (1008) for moving a series of characters displayed on and after a cursor position to the end portion of the field by pushing an insertion key indicating the insertion of characters, a circuit (1015) for inserting a character into the cursor position and moving the cursor by pushing a character key, and a circuit (1017) for filling the spaces following the inserted characters with the previously moved series of characters.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter with an electronic spelling dictionary feature included therein automatically adds a code signal to a code memory register corresponding to a print position of a printed error. The printed error is detected by the dictionary feature in response to printing operations. The electronic typewriter also automatically repositions a print hammer of a printing mechanism to the printed error position from a position beyond the printed error. This is accomplished by an operator actuating a key or a multiple key sequence for finding the printed error by the electronics searching for and finding the added code signal.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter with data storage and editing capability having a keyboard for entering printing data including character data representative of a text, a text memory for storing the character data from the keyboard, and a printing assembly for printing the stored text according to the printing data. The typewriter comprises a first control device for printing all lines of characters of the text stored in the text memory, a designating device for designating in an editing mode a group of character data corresponding to a desired line of characters of the stored text, a second control device for printing only the desired single line of characters designated by the designating device, and a third control device for printing the designated and all subsequent lines of the stored text.

Abstract: A computerized system for the rapid rendering of written or spoken material into printed text. A stenographic record of the material is produced by a reporter according to a stenographic system including "automatics" to enable batch translation of the stenographic data. The record thereby produced is translated rapidly and with a high degree of accuracy by a computer having a dictionary of the system stored in its memory. The translation is displayed upon the screen of an editing device for rapid editing by a word processing operator. The edited translation is applied to a transmitting modem. The modem encodes the edited translation for transmission to a remote computerized typesetter. The typesetter is directly programmed with the edited translation to produce a printed text of the material.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a power supply for supplying power thereto and a battery supply for supplying back-up battery power. A printing mechanism effects printing on a printing paper in accordance with one of a plurality of printing pitches, and a processor controls the printer and produces data signals. A selector selects one of a plurality of printing pitches and applies a signal indicating the selected printing pitch to the processor. A plurality of indicators each indicates a respective one of the plurality of printing pitches and one of the indicators is energized by a data signal produced by the processor. A memory is supplied with back-up battery power by the battery power supply and stores a selected one of the plurality of printing pitches. The memory is accessed by the processor.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter equipped with a text memory for storing data including character data representing characters to be printed, and format data for arranging the characters to be printed, comprising a line deleting device for deleting data for a line stored in the text memory, a detector for detecting the format data associated with the line to be deleted, and a device for saving the detected format data so that the format data are not deleted from the text memory during a line deleting operation.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a printing unit, an operation panel including a plurality of switches, a first memory, and a control unit which stores the print control data corresponding to the states of the switches of the operation panel into the first memory when a power source is turned on, changes the print control data in this first memory in accordance with an external command, and drives the printing unit in accordance with the input print data and with the print control data in the first memory, thereby printing the input print data. A second memory is provided to store the switch data corresponding to the states of the switches.

Abstract: Electronic equipment such as an electronic typewriter has memory means for storing character information. When the character information in the memory means is to be corrected, the character information is rearranged within the memory means and then a portion of the character information which requires correction is corrected. Directory fields for the character information are of variable length. When more than a predetermined number of specific characters are present in the character information, a next sequence of characters of the character information is automatically tranferred to a display without requiring keying operation. A specific code is added to each paragraph of the character information to facilitate reference paragraph by paragraph.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter or other keyboard entry display device may have a voice or audio prompt option incorporated therein. The option provides for the operator to record a series of commands to position the print point as desired and then to code a series of characters spelling the word or words to be vocalized as a prompt. The recorded commands and the prompt may subsequently be played back to position the print point at a desired position on the page and the prompt vocalized to instruct the operator the nature of the entry for that position.

Abstract: Automated spelling correction converts, by prescribed linguistic procedures, each word to be corrected to a skeleton, and compares that skeleton with a data base of skeletons derived by identical linguistic procedures from a dictionary of correctly spelled words. In the event of a match between the two skeletal terms, the correctly spelled word (or words) associated with the matched skeleton is presented for replacement of the misspelled word. In the event the comparison does not yield a correct match, the skeletal form of the misspelled word is repeatedly modified and each modified form is compared with the data base of skeletons.

Abstract: In order to avoid the problem of the last line of the body text not being justified when it is not the end of a paragraph but is followed by a footer, a converter/processor (13) is provided to modify the print data stream produced by another converter/processor (12) from the revisable or editable text data stream. If during conversion from the revisable data stream to the print data stream a "last body text line" is found and it is not the end of a paragraph, a latch (34) is set. Then, with each line of print data stream text, the latch is checked, and if the latch is set and the text line ends with a carriage return, the carriage return is replaced with a zero-index-carriage return and an index. These act similar to a carriage return in all cases except one--the text line which they terminate may now be justified.

Abstract: Data entered from a keyboard of a typewriter is stored in a text memory, and then, the data stored in the text memory is read out and printed on a paper. In order to fully print the data stored in the text memory, a first printing control means is operated. In order to stop the printing operation at a position which was not intended when the text was created, the printing operation is stopped by a second printing control means every time one line is printed.

Abstract: Data entered from a keyboard is displayed sequentially on a display unit, while the data which has overflowed the display unit, is printed out by a printer having a print head. The print head is capable of being shifted in a normal direction through operation of a special key provided on the keyboard, without changing the data displayed on the display unit.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter having calculating, displaying and editing capabilities as well as printing capability. The typewriter includes a main control device having three different modes in which the typewriter is operated. In the first mode, the control device performs an arithmetic operation which is defined in a statement including letters, at least one arithmetic symbol and plural numerical values entered through letter, numeral and arithmetic symbol keys. Further, in the first mode, the control device directs a display device to display the statement and a result of the arithmetic operation, and permits the displayed characters to be edited for correction or change. In the second mode, the control device permits the above items of operation in the first mode and directs a printing device to print the displayed characters. The third mode enables the typewriter to display entered characters and print the characters as they are entered and displayed.

Abstract: A method for controlling a cursor of a one-line display device in a text writing equipment, where a text stored in a working memory of the text writing equipment can be displayed on the display device. The one-line display device is divided into three zones, in each of which a different control of the cursor is effected. In the first zone, comprising a plurality of display positions, the cursor works as a movable mark, i.e., after each cursor shift command or after each reproduce command, a cursor movement occurs with the displayed text standing still. When the cursor reaches the second zone of the display device, which is operator selectable, there occurs before each further cursor movement ordered by cursor shift commands or reproduce commands, a check to determine whether the last symbol stored in the working memory is displayed on the display. If not, a displacement of the displayed text occurs while the cursor remains stationary.

Abstract: Information stored in a working memory of a word processor comprising symbols representing alpha-numeric text characters and word processor functions are displayed by means of a line display unit with alpha-numeric text characters and function symbols each occupying only one display position on the line display unit.When the meaning of a function symbol identified by a cursor positionable to identify the next display position to be processed is not evident, its meaning is automatically displayed in leftmost positions of the display unit, with suppression or shift of the text already displayed in said leftmost positions taking place as necessary to display the meaning of a function symbol.

Abstract: A visual communication device for displaying combinations of written words which are entered by manipulation of an efficiently organized keyboard. The keyboard has certain keys specifically dedicated to a set of the words recurring most frequently in common conversational language as well as keys corresponding to discrete letters of the alphabet for spelling less-frequently used words.The keyboard is backed up by an extensive list of common terms stored in a memory. Each word is automatically fetched from the memory and displayed on a multi-digit alpha-numerical readout as soon as a number of leading characters sufficient to identify the word has been entered; thus, dispensing the operator from keying the remaining characters. In this first version, the device can be used by a person with auditory or vocal disability to quickly enter phrases in the readout by a much lesser number of manipulations than would be required if each word had to be spelled one letter at a time on the keyboard.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter comprises a character-bearing disk movable along the platen and a selector to space selected characters according to a plurality of constant spaces or proportional spaces. The electronic unit provides a line buffer on which the entered characters of a line are sequentially stored and a series of editing functions to have the entered characters directly printed in editing form and a permanent, alterable memory wherein are recorded positioning information for the disk and constant phrases to be printed can be recorded and recalled upon request of the operator. Justification of a line is commanded by a selector which allows the printing of entered characters up to a set zone of the printing line while stores, without printing, the remaining characters on the line buffer. Following actuation of a service key causes the delayed printing of stored part of the line aligned to the fixed right margin.

Abstract: An information processing system (10) has a terminal (12) which functions with a diskette storage (14). The terminal (12) includes a display screen (16) and keyboard (18) wherein an operator enters alphanumeric characters and predefined commands. A file of information is stored on the diskette storage (14). The file is made up of a plurality of records. Each of the records comprises a plurality of fields. The fields include character fields, arithmetic fields and text fields. The text fields include alphanumeric, punctuation and control characters, the character fields include alphanumeric and punctuation characters and exclude control characters and the arithmetic fields include numeric characters and exclude control characters. By inputting commands to the keyboard (18) the operator reads a record from storage (14) and displays it on the screen (16). The content of the fields in the record are displayed on the screen (16) except for the text fields. For each text field there is displayed an asterisk (60).

Abstract: An electronic typewriter which provides for significant simplification of machine operations. The typewriter includes automatic error correcting function associated with electronic controls and a memory. A series of text data which have been deleted during an incessant error correcting operation are stored in a specially provided buffer memory from which they can be recalled upon depression of a print initiating key for causing the corresponding text to be printed automatically. An LED indicates that the current print line contains printed characters which can be erased by such automatic correcting operation. The typewriter further provides for simplified indentation and a novel carrier return mode.

Abstract: An improved dry lettering printing machine of the type having a printing station, a rotatable disc or type font having embossed characters on the disc and a means for causing the machine to execute a print cycle which includes providing a color carrying ribbon and image carrying tape at the print station, precisely aligning a selected raised character on the disc for printing, exerting a printing force at the printing station, and reciprocating the tape cartridge to advance the tape and ribbon to print the next character at the printing station. The improvement includes an input keyboard for typing the information which is to appear on the tape interfaced with the printing machine with a programmed microcomputer which stores the input data and, with control signals, sequentially causes the printing machine to print a tape according to the information typed on the keyboard.

Abstract: A method for the automatic center tab insertion within a column example line comprising the steps of an operator cursor move to a column margin to define an end position; and responsive to a function key stroke, the machine steps of concurrently moving the cursor to the other column margin and counting the text characters of the example; calculating the distance to the column center position; concurrently moving the cursor to the calculated center position, and inserting a centered tab stop control character therein.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus in an interactive text processing system for creating documents by selectively merging text data from two or more text records by signalling the location in a document at which the insert of text data is to be added, displaying a Merge Tasks Menu which provides an option for executing a merge operation in response to either Switch Code or Named Variable control codes, specifying the identification and location of the text data comprising the Shell Document and the Fill-In Document, and executing the Merge operation based on the specified data and Merge control mode.

Abstract: An improved method in an interactive text processing system for creating/revising documents by adding a multi-page insert of text data at a specified location in the document comprising displaying the document, signalling to the system the location within the document into which the text data is to be copied, specifying to the system the identification and location within the document into which the text data is to be copied, specifying to the system the identification and location of the insert text data, scanning the insert text data for INCLUDE instructions, resolving the INCLUDE instructions prior to adding the text data into the document, and copying the specified text data into the document at the signalled location. In a specific embodiment, text data up to ten pages can be copied and up to five levels of nested INCLUDE instructions can be resolved.

Abstract: A microprogrammed word processor, e.g., a typewriter or accounting machine or billing machine, has both normal and special modes of operation. During the normal mode, as alphanumerics and control characters (e.g., space, tab, line feed) are keyed in, the printing carriage is stationary at a margin. While fed-in characters are being memorized in the normal mode, the alphanumerics are viewable on a display. However, neither printing nor carriage movement takes place until later, when one of several separate print instruction signals are recognized by the computer program. During a special mode, as characters are keyed in, there is still no printing of alphanumerics; but, there is non-printing carriage movement along the line of print, to the particular printpoint associated with each keyboard actuation.

Abstract: A search system is provided that locates a reference point in a string of text-representative codes based on comparisons with an operator keyboarded text string (the address string). Such comparisons are automatically modified, however, to equate certain codes and code patterns that present an ambiguity to the operator in establishing the address string, e.g. a tab operation and a series of space operations may have the same apparent result for printing but are stored as different codes. By so expanding the acceptable "matching" code patterns selectively with respect to the codes presented for comparison, the likelihood of operator success in identifying a desired text location is increased significantly.

Abstract: In a typewriter having text storage capability, the hyphen code that is stored in response to depression of a hyphen key is conditioned on printing position and on the codes adjacent to the hyphen code in a text string. If a hyphen is keyed after the start of the return zone, is preceded by a graphic representative code and is followed by a keyed carrier return, a distinctive hyphen code representative of a syllable hyphen is recorded. Otherwise, a regular hyphen is recorded unless the hyphen key has been depressed in conjunction with a condition key (e.g. the CODE key), in which case a code representative of a required non-breaking hyphen is recorded. As a result of so controlling the recorded hyphen codes at the time of keyboarding, the operator's intentions for hyphenation may be achieved with little departure from normal keyboarding routine.

Abstract: Tab codes produced at a typewriter keyboard are converted to a form for text storage that includes travel distance and destination information. By using a multiple section code with distinct tab code identifier bytes on either end, the overall tab code can be embedded with normal single byte character codes in a text string and processed specially during forward or reverse operations with storage. For forward operation on a text string, coded destination information is extracted from a preselected byte of the multisection code, upon detecting the tab identifier, and special logic, first extracts the destination information, and then automatically passes over the remainder of the code to arrive at the next code of the text string. By so indicating the tab destination in the tab code, a tab operation is enabled to be independent of the active tab settings at the time of playback.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter having a display device which shows just the last entered characters of a printing line. The typewriter comprises a selector for an immediate typing mode of the entered character, a line/line mode in which each line is set up in memory and typed on operating a service key, and a word/word mode in which the set up words are typed word by word, i.e. on each operation of the space bar. This facilitates typing with checking to eliminate all errors. The display device shows emphasized characters, different kinds of emphasis (heavy type, light type on dark background being indicated by different luminous dot patterns under the characters. The display device is of the dot matrix type and, by suitable circuits thereto superposed characters, e.g. 0 and 1 yielding .phi., are correctly shown.

Abstract: According to the present editing printer, a printing head can print either on the first insertion line or on the second ordinary line by the operation of a keyboard, and the characters from the keyboard are also stored in a memory. An insertion end sign " " is printed at the end of the insertion characters on the first line. A group of characters from the first character to the character before the insertion end sign on the first line are inserted automatically in the second ordinary line by the aid of the memory, which provides clean output with no error after editing.

Abstract: A text editing device has an input keyboard with data keys and control keys. A digital controller couples to the keyboard for receiving input signals representative of the keys as they are manually depressed, for storing digital data words representative of the depressed data keys, and for performing predetermined editing operations on the data words in response to the depressed control keys. The editing operations produces edited data words. An electromechanical keypusher is coupled to receive the output signals. The keypusher mounts on any office typewriter and depresses keys thereon corresponding to the edited data words represented by the output signals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for establishing, verifying, and correcting tab settings and indexing parameters for text to be printed by a word processing system. The apparatus includes logic and related control networks for establishing a line of codes in memory indicative of the location and status of such tab settings and indexing parameters, for setting an electronic tab rack, for verifying and correcting such settings and parameters by, and responsive to, the advancement and backspacing of the printer carrier, and for producing a hard copy printout, during entry and playback, of such tab setting and indexing mode status.

Abstract: A method and apparatus associated with word processing equipment for producing a preliminary printout of accessible lines of intermixed text characters and code characters representative of the format of such text. The apparatus includes logic controlled gates for selectively gating text codes, instruction codes, and reference line number codes to a print control coupled to, and controlling the printing by, a printer. Specific networks enable the printing of "font change" instructions and identifications and characteristic identifier symbols indicative of the presence of an instruction code. Audit print codes representing material ones of the instruction codes are substituted for the usual printer functional response to those instruction codes, that is, a code representation of the instruction code is printed instead of the printer executing the instruction.

Abstract: A system, and related process, for mechanical reproduction of Arabic script is characterized by immediate response to user input and by full conformity to the ordinary calligraphic rules of the Arabic language. The process involves temporary storage of text being processed in a variety of coded representations, discrimination of the appropriate form of a given letter in view of its graphic context, and immediate display of the appropriate form on a video monitor. This displayed form may subsequently be erased and replaced by a different form of the same letter conditioned by subsequent user input. The user is also enabled to delete previously entered characters, with appropriate modification of the other characters presently displayed. In general, the Arabic text displayed is immediately updated to reflect each new character of user input, and is always maintained in a state of orthographic correctness.

Abstract: Spelling errors in a word processing system are detected and presented to the operator for correction at the end of a document page. A dictionary memory contains representations of the correct spellings for words most frequently used. As each word is typed, it is stored in a word queue where it is compared to the contents of the dictionary memory. If the compare is unequal, then the word and its location on the page are stored in an error memory. When an end of page indicator is set the printer automatically repositions the print head at the ending character of the first word in the error list. When the operator keys in the correct spelling, the printer is caused to remove the misspelled word from the page and type the correct spelling. The corresponding word in the error memory is also corrected. As each misspelled word in the error memory is corrected, the remainder of the memory is scanned and repetitions of the same spelling error are automatically corrected.

Abstract: A text processing arrangement employing a typewriter in conjunction with storage means, in which information supplied from a typewriter keyboard is recorded on a page and simultaneously stored in the storage means, and in the event corrections thereof are required, material which to be unchanged is read-out of storage for simultaneous re-recording and further storage, along with change information supplied by the keyboard, and simultaneously recorded and stored in association with such further stored unchanged information, means being provided for following the progress of the re-recording and indicating the corresponding instant read-out position on the initially recorded page.

Abstract: A data entry device with a keyboard for use with a data processing system. A first data set of input keys are arranged in a standard typewriter configuration. A second set of keys comprises additional rows of data input keys that enable the operator to enter various special characters or symbols that are encountered in different languages. One row of keys in the first set constitutes a variable row. A legend corresponding to a selectable set of symbols is juxtaposed to the variable row. An operator can select a set of characters so that each input key in the variable row thereafter functions to identify the character designated in a corresponding position of the juxtaposed legend.