Abstract: A mat made of waterproof plastic material for the sub-base of synthetic turfs or pavings and the like includes one or more coupling elements for mutual interconnection with other mats so as to compose a single turf for the complete covering of a predetermined bed surface. The mat is divided into at least two longitudinal portions which are mutually connected by an expansion joint component adapted to compensate for the thermal expansions and contractions by deforming.

Abstract: An industrial mat having a supporting structure; an upper layer provided above the supporting structure for forming an upper surface of the mat, a lower layer provided below the supporting structure for providing a lower surface of the mat; and lifting elements attached to the upper layer, the lower layer or the supporting structure. The lifting elements include D-shaped members, O-shaped members, U-shaped members, eyelets, hooks, circular or polygonal rings, chains, or cables that are configured and dimensioned for attachment to attached to the supporting structure or the upper or lower layer with sufficient strength to provide certified overhead lifting of the mat for installation and reclamation thereof.

Abstract: A mat of revetment blocks formed with interior revetment blocks having interlocking arms and sockets. The mat has opposing sides formed with revetment toe blocks having either an arm or socket that interlocks with a socket or arm of the interior revetment blocks. The toe blocks each have an outer linear edge that forms a linear border of the mat. The toe blocks rest on respective anchor portions that extend into the ground. The mat can be used to form a roadway.

Abstract: In one aspect, a paving system for sequestering pollutants comprises one or more layers, at least one of said layers comprising a sequestering agent, and a fluid flow restrictor. In another aspect, a method of applying a sequestering agent to a paving system comprises obtaining a sequestering agent medium; and applying the sequestering agent medium to a paving system. In another aspect, the paving system comprises a piping layer for draining fluid from the paving system.

Abstract: Positive interlocking revetment blocks adapted for providing a matrix having one or more linear borders. Disclosed are border blocks that each have one side without an interlocking arm or socket, thus providing part of a linear side of the matrix. Disclosed also are corner blocks that each have two sides without an interlocking arm or socket, thus providing part of linear sides to the matrix. Interior interlocking blocks are constructed for interlocking with the border blocks and the corner blocks, and with each other to form a matrix that has one or more linear sides. Also disclosed is a universal mold having removable arm members and socket members that can be configured to fabricate the border blocks, the corner blocks and the interior blocks.

Abstract: A paving system for paving a surface area with pavers such that there are different sized spaces between some of the adjacent pavers. The paving system (10) has a substrate (12) with regularly spaced connectors (22) for attaching pavers (14) to the substrate. The pavers are of varying sizes such that the spaces (38f) between relatively smaller pavers (14f) are larger than the spaces (38a) between relatively larger pavers (14a). This permits the construction of a paved surface (32) having different permeability to water in different parts thereof.

Abstract: A method for installing a paver system includes positioning a first grid substrate adjacent to a second grid substrate, the first and second grid substrates form a paver support surface. At least the first grid substrate includes an integrated boundary ridge extending along the first paver support surface. The first grid substrate is interlocked with the second grid substrate with a first paver piece bridging the first and second grid substrates to form a paver linkage. Movement of at least the first paver piece is arrested beyond the integrated boundary ridge by directly or indirectly engaging at least the first paver piece against the integrated boundary ridge. In another example, movement of the first paver piece is arrested by anchoring at least the first paver piece on the first and second paver support surfaces through distribution of forces incident on at least the first paver piece through the paver linkage.

Abstract: A lightweight polymer-based load bearing platform preferably including artificial turf for use as a synthetic turf block for easy installation, easy maintenance, and long term durability.

Abstract: A structural module which is suitable for combining with like structural modules to form an area suitable for walking on and/or for travelling directly over by a vehicle, comprises a flat top wall and a bottom wall spaced therefrom by side walls so as to define a volume between the top and bottom walls. The top wall is provided with a plurality of apertures to permit the flow of liquid into the volume, and the side walls and/or the bottom wall are provided with apertures to permit the flow of liquid out of the volume. The size and shape of each aperture in the top wall is such that the maximum diameter of sphere that the aperture would let through is in a range up to 10 mm.

Abstract: A modular flooring system is provided to convert uneven terrain into a substantially horizontal flat surface. The modular flooring system may include a frame defining the area desired for the substantially horizontal flat surface, a plurality of malleable support members that may be used as a single layer or multiple layers, where the malleable support members may be loosely filled sand-filled bags. The system may also include a plurality of flat rigid panels larger than the malleable support members to bridge the gaps between adjacent malleable support members, thus transforming a generally level layer of malleable support members into a substantially flat flooring surface.

Abstract: A method for installing a paver system includes positioning a first grid substrate adjacent to a second grid substrate. The first grid substrate and the second grid substrate are flexibly bridged with a first paver piece. A first portion of the first paver piece is movably coupled with the first grid substrate at a first joint, and a second portion of the first paver piece is movably coupled with the second grid substrate at a second joint, the first and second grid substrates and the first paver piece forming an articulated paver linkage. A second paver piece is coupled with the second grid substrate. A third paver piece is coupled with the first grid substrate. The articulated paver linkage is fit within the specified area by movement of at least one of the first, second and third paver pieces and the first and second grid substrates. The movement is transmitted along the articulated paver linkage to maintain a specified alignment and spacing of the first, second and third paver pieces.

Abstract: A method for installing a paver system includes positioning a first grid substrate adjacent to a second grid substrate, the first and second grid substrates form a paver support surface. At least the first grid substrate includes an integrated boundary ridge extending along the first paver support surface. The first grid substrate is interlocked with the second grid substrate with a first paver piece bridging the first and second grid substrates to form a paver linkage. Movement of at least the first paver piece is arrested beyond the integrated boundary ridge by directly or indirectly engaging at least the first paver piece against the integrated boundary ridge. In another example, movement of the first paver piece is arrested by anchoring at least the first paver piece on the first and second paver support surfaces through distribution of forces incident on at least the first paver piece through the paver linkage.

Abstract: A paving system for paving or flooring includes a top layer of a plurality of paving elements, and an underlayment support layer of a polymeric material configured into panels. The panels are suitable to support the paving elements, the panels having a generally planar support surface and a recovery characteristic such that a deformation from a concentrated compressive load applied for a short duration returns the support surface to a generally planar condition.

Abstract: A structural module (10) for use in water irrigation, water drainage, water retention and water filtering systems, comprises a load bearing base unit (10) and porous material (15), wherein the base unit has a top wall (11) and a bottom wall (12) spaced therefrom by one or more supporting elements (13, 20) so as to define a volume between the top and bottom walls. The base unit being provided with apertures (17, 18, 19) to permit the flow of liquid into and out of the volume. The porous material is a block (15) foamed polymeric material which occupies a substantial portion of the volume within the base unit and absorbs and retains water that passes through the apertures.

Abstract: A route for vehicles driving on a surface of the route includes a plurality of shaped blocks adapted to position and/or to hold a plurality of line sections of one or more electric line. Each shaped block comprises recesses forming spaces and/or projections delimiting spaces for receiving at least one of the line sections. The electric line or lines extend(s) through the spaces and extend(s) along the surface of the route in and/or about the travelling direction of vehicles. The shaped blocks and the electric line or lines are supported by a base layer of the route and are covered by a cover layer of the route. The material of the cover layer is also located in regions of the route sideways of the shaped blocks so that the shaped blocks and the cover layer form an integrated layer on top of the base layer.

Abstract: A systems for a permeable pavement system is described. The permeable pavement system includes blocks designed to facilitate water seepage between the blocks and to permit water storage within the blocks. The blocks may be unified together with the use of a cable inserted through each block to create paving units that facilitate installation and maintenance of the pavement system. The paving units may be moved with loops on the ends of the cables. Multiple paving units may be linked together with lock blocks.

Abstract: The paver installation system includes a grid having a plurality of mounting holes for selective installation of spacers, a flexible edging and a screed guide rail. The screed guide rail may be selectively installed on the grid via mounting pegs mounted in select mounting holes for screeding an intermediate layer of aggregate material between the grid and the pavers to be laid thereon. The flexible edging is attached to the grid in order to set the edges of the pavement to be laid, and the flexibility thereof easily accommodates curved edges by bending to conform to the curves. The spacers are laid onto user selected mounting holes in the grid in order to serve as guides for laying pavers in a desired pavement pattern and to maintain spacing between adjacent pavers.

Abstract: A block suitable for use in an arrangement of blocks that are interlocked. The block may comprise: a first side surface extending between a first edge and a second edge, the first side surface being irregular and having a first half and a second half that are congruent; a second side surface extending between the second edge and a third edge, the second side surface having a first half and a second half that are congruent; a third side surface extending between the first edge and a fourth edge, the third side surface being congruent with a first portion of the first side surface; a fourth side surface extending between the third edge and a fifth edge, the fourth side surface being congruent with a second portion of the first side surface such that the first portion and the second portion of the first side surface constitute the first side surface; and a fifth side surface extending between the fourth edge and the fifth edge, the fifth side surface having a first half and a second half that are congruent.

Abstract: A permeable paver that has water permeability of on average about 1 inch per hour and compressive strength of an average of about 8000 psi, the paver manufactured by forming a mixture comprising blast-furnace slag, sand, gravel and portland cement into predetermined sizes, shapes and colors as desired utilizing a hydraulic-type or equivalent compacting block forming machine.

Abstract: A sub-base layer for use in construction, comprises a plurality of connected substantially cuboid modules each having spaced-apart, substantially parallel top and bottom walls joined by a peripheral sidewall defining an enclosed volume. The connection between the modules is effected by a plurality of tie members which prevent lateral movement of the modules relative to one another. The layer is particularly useful as a lightweight replacement for aggregate sub-base layers in foundations, roadways, pavement, carparks, and the like.

Abstract: A road element is formed of a one-piece cage that includes two layers of orthogonally arranged rebars which are welded together. The layers are connected by connecting rebars that are welded to the rebars of the layers at the intersections and the one-piece cage is encased in a flexible material formed of crumb rubber, urethane, and fibers from land vehicle tires. Plates can be included with the one-piece cage to further enhance the strength of the element.

Abstract: A paver system comprising a plurality of paver pieces and at least one substrate. Each of the paver pieces has a top surface and a bottom surface. The bottom surface of the paver pieces is configured for mating with the upper surface of the substrate, whereby paver pieces coupled to the substrate are prevented from moving laterally.

Abstract: A cluster of paving elements is formed with a peripheral edge having a re-entrant formation formed between the upper supporting surface and the lower, supported surface. The formation engages a complimentary formation on an adjacent cluster to inhibit relative movement between the clusters. The re-entrant formation may be applied to individual paving elements in the cluster or to the exposed faces of the elements at the periphery of the cluster. The elements in the cluster may be shaped to inter-engage to inhibit relative movement between the elements with in the cluster.

Abstract: A paving structure (11) of the type having an upper wear layer (12) and an underlying sub-base layer (15) of rigid insoluble hard particulate material forming voids for the collection of water permeating through the permeable surface where layer (12) has an intermediate reinforcing grid (16) located at an intermediate level of the sub-base layer (15) such that it is covered by an upper part of the sub-base layer (15U) which is of a thickness not less than 1½ times the dimension of the largest particles in that part of the sub-base layer. A reinforcing grid (26) at the base of the sub-base layer between this and the sub grade (18) may also be provided.

Abstract: A continuous covered area, such as a sidewalk or patio, is formed by vertically interlocking tessellated components. One embodiment, termed PORTAPAVE™, achieves this interlocking via an array of uniquely configured two-sectioned pavers. Each paver has a first section of a first shape and a second section of a second shape impressed upon the first section and bonded together. In one embodiment, first sections of pavers in an installed bottom layer form a cavity between them having the same shape as the second section of a paver that is inverted onto the pavers of the bottom layer, thus providing a top layer. Each inverted paver in this top layer is fitted to interlock in that cavity formed between the un-inverted pavers in the bottom layer. Also provided is a method of making the components, e.g., pavers, and a method of installing them.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated warped pavement slab and a forming system for making the slabs. The forming system includes a plurality of forming sections which can be adjusted so as to form a warped-plane pavement slab. Also disclosed are methods for making the pavement slab and forming system. Also disclosed is a method for installing the warped pavement slab.

Abstract: Vehicle arresting beds, for installation at the ends of aircraft runways, are effective to safely decelerate aircraft entering the bed. The arresting bed is assembled of a large number of blocks of cellular concrete having predetermined compressive gradient strength, so that aircraft landing gear is subjected to drag forces effective to slow a variety of types of aircraft, while providing deceleration within a safe range of values. An arresting bed typically includes an entry region of a depth increasing from 9 to 24 inches formed of blocks having a first compressive gradient strength. A second region, which may be tapered into the first region and increase in depth to 30 inches, is formed of blocks having a greater compressive gradient strength. An aircraft thus experiences increasing drag forces while it travels through the bed, to provide an arresting capability suitable for a variety of aircraft.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated pavement slab having a binder distribution system and an interconnection system formed for attachment of the bottom surface of the slab, wherein both the binder distribution system and the interconnection system are accessible from the top surface of the slab, such that the binder material may be injected into the binder distribution and interconnection systems from the top surface of the slab.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated pavement slab having a binder distribution system and an interconnection system formed for attachment of the bottom surface of the slab, wherein both the binder distribution system and the interconnection system are accessible from the top surface of the slab, such that the binder material may be injected into the binder distribution and interconnection systems from the top surface of the slab.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated pavement slab having a binder distribution system and an interconnection system formed for attachment of the bottom surface of the slab, wherein both the binder distribution system and the interconnection system are accessible from the top surface of the slab, such that the binder material may be injected into the binder distribution and interconnection systems from the top surface of the slab.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated pavement slab having a binder distribution system and an interconnection system formed for attachment of the bottom surface of the slab, wherein both the binder distribution system and the interconnection system are accessible from the top surface of the slab, such that the binder material may be injected into the binder distribution and interconnection systems from the top surface of the slab.

Abstract: The lightweight embankment (1) comprises blocks (3) stacked in successive layers, the blocks of the same layer being separated by gaps (7). The blocks can in particular be made of expanded polystyrene. Application to embankments to support roads.

Abstract: Vehicle arresting beds, for installation at the ends of aircraft runways, are effective to safely decelerate aircraft entering the bed. The arresting bed is assembled of a large number of blocks of cellular concrete having predetermined compressive gradient strength, so that aircraft landing gear is subjected to drag forces effective to slow a variety of types of aircraft, while providing deceleration within a safe range of values. An arresting bed typically includes an entry region of a depth increasing from 9 to 24 inches formed of blocks having a first compressive gradient strength. A second region, which may be tapered into the first region and increase in depth to 30 inches, is formed of blocks having a greater compressive gradient strength. An aircraft thus experiences increasing drag forces while it travels through the bed, to provide an arresting capability suitable for a variety of aircraft.

Abstract: A paving stone (10) is provided which includes individual sectors (20, 30) of uniform size and shape. Each sector (20, 30) is joined together to form a unique pattern such as a cross-paver (10), a Z-paver (110) or an S-paver (210). Some sectors (20, 30) are tips sectors (20) which attach to only one other central sector (30) and some sectors (20, 30) are central sectors (30) which attach to two or more other top sectors (20). Each of the sectors (20, 30) extend between a common top surface (40) and a bottom surface (50). An outside surface (60) defines a periphery of the paving stone. A V-groove (80) is positioned on the top surface (40) at margins between adjacent sectors (20, 30). The V-groove (80) includes a crease (82) on a bottom thereof which encourages vertical crack propagation from the top surface (40) through to the bottom surface (50) in a plane when a appropriate force-applying tool is utilized. When this occurs the paver (10) is modified into a paver of a different shape.

Abstract: A surface paving apparatus (10) and a method for using the apparatus is disclosed herein. The apparatus is comprised of a mesh material (12) having parallel ribs (14) attached, laid upon a surface to be paved. A paving material (16) with grooves (24) cut into its underside is then placed upon the mesh material (12) such that the ribs (14) on the mesh material (12) frictionally engage the grooves (24) on the paving material (16). The frictional engagement between the grooves (24) and ribs (14) is stable enough to render the paving surface laterally immovable from any direction. The surface paving apparatus (10) can also be disassembled and moved, should this be desired.

Abstract: The embeddable paving block intended for surfacing roadways and other areas of ground, of the type including four identical arms disposed at right-angles to one another, each of the arms having shoulders distributed over the lateral faces and the ends of each of these arms, the shoulders being disposed to overlap in the plane of the surfacing the corresponding shoulders on the adjacent blocks in order to prevent the plane from opening up under the effect of any traction and in order to ensure a constant thickness of the joints.

Abstract: The method of treating a waste liquid or solid hydrocarbon to reduce risk of environmental contamination by the waste hydrocarbon, that includes forming a flowable cementitious paste of Portland cement and additives; introducing the hydrocarbon into the mix and distributing the hydrocarbon therein; forming the mix into a shape for curing, and allowing the formed mix to cure so as to encapsulate the hydrocarbon in the cured concrete mix.