Abstract: A retaining wall having a plurality of courses of retaining wall blocks including a first upper course and a second lower course. Each retaining wall block has opposed front and rear faces, opposed first and second side surfaces, and opposed and substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces, and at least one weight bearing pad extends from one of the upper and lower surfaces. The at least one weight bearing pad extends substantially from the rear face to the front face of the block. The weight bearing pads are the only areas of contact between the blocks in the first upper course and the blocks in the second lower course.

Abstract: A linkage brick assembly, comprising: a least one first linkage brick, at least one second linkage brick and at least one third linkage brick, each linkage brick comprising a top face, a bottom face and four side faces between the top face and the bottom face. Each of the side faces of the first linkage brick forms a traverse engaging groove extending laterally. Each of two opposite side faces of the four side faces of the second linkage brick forms a traverse engaging protrusion extending laterally and each of the other two opposite side faces forms a vertical engaging portion extending vertically. Each of the side faces of the third linkage brick forms a vertical engaging groove extending vertically. Each of the traverse engaging grooves of the first linkage brick is used to engage with each of the traverse engaging protrusions of the second linkage brick through lateral sliding.

Abstract: A linkage brick assembly, comprising: a least one first linkage brick, at least one second linkage brick and at least one third linkage brick, each linkage brick comprising a top face, a bottom face and four side faces between the top face and the bottom face. Each of the side faces of the first linkage brick forms a traverse engaging groove extending laterally. Each of two opposite side faces of the four side faces of the second linkage brick forms a traverse engaging protrusion extending laterally and each of the other two opposite side faces forms a vertical engaging portion extending vertically. Each of the side faces of the third linkage brick forms a vertical engaging groove extending vertically. Each of the traverse engaging grooves of the first linkage brick is used to engage with each of the traverse engaging protrusions of the second linkage brick through lateral sliding.

Abstract: An artificial flagstone for use in combination with other similar flagstones for covering a surface with a natural random look, the flagstone having a generally hexagonal body comprising a first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth consecutive vertices; a first pair of first and second sides extending radially from the first vertex; a second pair of third and fourth sides extending radially from the third vertex; a third pair of fifth and sixth sides extending radially from the fifth vertex; wherein the sides of at least one of the first, second and third pair of sides have at least one split deviation along their length and are respectively rotational images of each other, and the artificial flagstone has no rotational symmetry when rotated about a central axis.

Abstract: A concrete unit includes a six sided body having three pairs of opposed rectangular faces. Two opposed faces each has an irregular three dimensional pattern extending across the entire face to provide two aesthetic faces on the unit. The two opposed faces have patterns that are mirror images of each other such that when two of the units are placed with their patterned faces aligned and in contact, the three dimensional patterns on the opposed faces nest to minimize the space between the adjacent edges of the units. The concrete units may be used as steps or in other applications.

Abstract: A set of cast concrete paving slabs is laid in a pattern side by side and end to end to cover an area to be paved. Each of the slabs members has side and end spacer abutments to hold an adjacent slab member at a predetermined spacing. Each of the slabs has a longitudinal slot in the upper surface defining a false joint parallel to the sides so as to divide the upper surface into parallel strips. There are different types of slabs some with both strips divided by transverse slots and some with only one strip with a slot. This forms in the finished product apparent strip pieces of many different lengths to simulate wood planks. Each of the parallel strips has a molded upper surface defining a series of wavy lines recessed from other parts of the upper surface and dyed darker than the remaining part of the slab thus simulating a wood grain appearance.

Abstract: An artificial flagstone for use in combination with other similar flagstones for covering a surface with a natural random look, the flagstone having a generally hexagonal body comprising a first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth consecutive vertices; a first pair of first and second sides extending radially from the first vertex; a second pair of third and fourth sides extending radially from the third vertex; a third pair of fifth and sixth sides extending radially from the fifth vertex; wherein the sides of at least one of the first, second and third pair of sides have at least one split deviation along their length and are respectively rotational images of each other, and the artificial flagstone has no rotational symmetry when rotated about a central axis.

Abstract: A concrete casted paving stone of rectangular shape is described and has two pairs of opposed parallel side walls. In a first of the two pairs of side walls, an engaging projection is formed in one side wall and a through slot in the other side wall for receiving the stone-engaging projection of another paving stone therein. The second pair of opposed parallel side walls each have a slot and a further stone-engaging projection in a section thereof. The stone-engaging projections of the second pair of side walls are disposed adjacent the side wall of the first pair which contains the slot and the slot extends through the rear wall of these stone-engaging projections. The paving stone may be used as a permeable paving stone wherein to evacuate water from an upper surface of a paved surface into the underlying support bed.

Abstract: A precast concrete solid core paver block which has a first pair of flat parallel side walls and a second pair of transverse parallel side walls. One side has at least one block engaging projection in one or more portions thereof and spaced between a top and bottom surface of the paver block. The opposed side wall has a slot to receive in close sliding fit the at least one block engaging projection of an adjacent one of the paver blocks for side-by-side interengagement while permitting horizontal displacement of the adjacent paver block and the block engaging projection thereof while preventing vertical displacement thereof wherein a top face of the paver blocks lie in a substantially common planar surface. Spacers form open joints about each block in portions thereof to communicate with a support bed and form a permeable paved surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a paving stone having stone flanks which are oriented perpendicular to the laying plane, and wherein the paving stone has interlocking elements of a stone flank of an adjacent paving stone.

Abstract: An irregular, tessellated building unit comprises x primary elements, wherein x is an integer equal to or greater than 1. The primary element is a rotational tessellation having a plural pairs of sides extending in a generally radial direction from plural vertices, respectively. In each pair, the two sides are rotationally spaced by an angle that is divided evenly into 360 degrees. Preferably, all of the sides are irregularly shaped, but one or more sides could be wholly or partially straight. Optionally, spacers are provided on the sides of each unit. A wide variety of units may be constructed having different numbers and arrangements of primary elements. As all the units are combinations of primary elements, they readily mate with each other. A surface covering comprises a multiplicity of units assembled to form a continuous surface without overlap between units and without substantial gaps between units. A structure, such as a wall or column can be formed of building units of the invention.

Abstract: An irregular, tessellated building unit comprises x primary elements, wherein x is an integer equal to or greater than 1. The primary element is a rotational tessellation having a plural pairs of sides extending in a generally radial direction from plural vertices, respectively. In each pair, the two sides are rotationally spaced by an angle that is divided evenly into 360 degrees. Preferably, all of the sides are irregularly shaped, but one or more sides could be wholly or partially straight. Optionally, spacers are provided on the sides of each unit. A wide variety of units may be constructed having different numbers and arrangements of primary elements. As all the units are combinations of primary elements, they readily mate with each other. A surface covering comprises a multiplicity of units assembled to form a continuous surface without overlap between units and without substantial gaps between units. A structure, such as a wall or column can be formed of building units of the invention.

Abstract: A set of concrete pavers is formed by a plurality of pavers being arranged in a paver row, and a plurality of paver rows being arranged to form a row. A number of parallel, adjacent rows form linear or meandering joints in the end-paver region of the rows when the rows are laid together. At least one section of the upper delimiting surface of the pavers is convexly cambered towards the outside, and projections on the side faces of the pavers form support elements for the adjacent pavers. The support elements, in combination with projections on adjacent pavers, create spaces that act as water-drainage openings in the joint regions. The pavers in each set include not only paving blocks with a length-to-height ratio of less than or equal to 4 but also at least one paving slab with a length-to-height ratio greater than 4.

Abstract: A polygonal paving stone has a plurality of substantially planar sides extending perpendicularly between parallel upper and lower faces of the stone. A row of substantially identical and outwardly projecting narrow coupling members of a predetermined member width on each of the sides are separated by spaces of a predetermined space width. These narrow members are positioned on the respective sides such that when a plurality of the paving stones are fitted together with their upper faces generally coplanar the narrow coupling members of confronting sides of adjacent paving stones fit between one another A single wide coupling member on each of the sides has a width a greater than that of the member width of the narrow members and smaller than the space width so it can fit between two of the narrow members of a confronting side of an adjacent paving stone.

Abstract: A set of paving stones is provided, including a plurality of different paving stones that each respectively have a polygonal base surface, side surfaces with ribs and a visible side, for paving surfaces with optionally different laying patterns.

Abstract: An irregular, tessellated building unit comprises x primary elements, wherein x is an integer equal to or greater than 1. The primary element is a rotational tessellation having a plural pairs of sides extending in a generally radial direction from plural vertices, respectively. In each pair, the two sides are rotationally spaced by an angle that is divided evenly into 360 degrees. Preferably, all of the sides are irregularly shaped, but one or more sides could be wholly or partially straight. Optionally, spacers are provided on the sides of each unit. A wide variety of units may be constructed having different numbers and arrangements of primary elements. As all the units are combinations of primary elements, they readily mate with each other. A surface covering comprises a multiplicity of units assembled to form a continuous surface without overlap between units and without substantial gaps between units. A structure, such as a wall or column can be formed of building units of the invention.

Abstract: A panel for use in constructing a mat or a road and method for same is provided. The panel can include a wafer having at least three sides operatively coupled to an edge having a complementary profile for overlapping and attaching to another edge coupled to another wafer. The edge can be attached to the wafer using a scarf joint or a mortise and tenon joint. The complementary profile can include a lap joint, a tapered lap joint, an S-shaped lap joint or a modified lap joint for use with fasteners for attaching two edges together.

Abstract: First and second concrete pavers that are configured to form a paver system arrangeable in a herringbone pattern. A plurality of the first pavers and a plurality of the second pavers, which together form a kit of pavers, can be used to construct a permeable pavement with the herringbone pattern. The first and second pavers are preferably molded in a layer with the pavers arranged in the herringbone pattern. The layer can then be mechanically installed using suitable mechanical installation equipment.

Abstract: An irregular, tessellated building unit comprises x primary elements, wherein x is an integer equal to or greater than 1. The primary element is a rotational tessellation having a plural pairs of sides extending in a generally radial direction from plural vertices, respectively. In each pair, the two sides are rotationally spaced by an angle that is divided evenly into 360 degrees. Preferably, all of the sides are irregularly shaped, but one or more sides could be wholly or partially straight. Optionally, spacers are provided on the sides of each unit. A wide variety of units may be constructed having different numbers and arrangements of primary elements. As all the units are combinations of primary elements, they readily mate with each other. A surface covering comprises a multiplicity of units assembled to form a continuous surface without overlap between units and without substantial gaps between units. A structure, such as a wall or column can be formed of building units of the invention.

Abstract: A method of installing paving blocks comprises preparing an area to be paved to a desired grade. A preformed, load-bearing sheet of material, e.g., extruded polystyrene, is placed on the prepared area. Paving blocks are then laid in a desired pattern on the sheet of material.

Abstract: The invention relates to an artificial stone floor element with a basic shape that corresponds to the combination of a plurality of square basic elements, especially to an angular floor element. The floor element includes projections and recesses along its peripheral sides of the basic element when seen from the centre of the respective top face of the basic element is substantially point-symmetric with respect to its mid-point. The floor element in further embodiments includes a profile that consists of three projections and three recesses.

Abstract: The invention relates to an artificial stone floor element with a basic shape that corresponds to the combination of a plurality of square basic elements, especially to an angular floor element. The floor element includes projections and recesses along its peripheral sides of the basic element when seen from the center of the respective top face of the basic element is substantially point-symmetric with respect to its mid-point. The inventive floor element is further characterized in that the profile consists of three projections and three recesses.

Abstract: A road mat of the present invention has a mat body having a first coupling end and a second coupling end. A first locking mechanism is provided at the first coupling end that includes a male coupling member and a female coupling member. A second locking mechanism is provided at the second coupling end that includes a male coupling member and a female coupling member. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention the first locking mechanism is a reciprocating mirror image of the second locking mechanism. The road mat of the present invention may be used in a road mat system that includes at least one prior road mat and at least one successive road mat. The second locking mechanism of the prior road mat is suitable for interlocking with the first locking mechanism of the successive road mat.

Abstract: A paving block and a paving block assembly include a prism-shaped paving block body having a top surface, a bottom surface disposed opposite the top surface and a first pair of opposing side walls and a second pair of opposing side walls. The first and second pair of opposing side walls are disposed between the top and bottom surfaces with respective ones of the first pair of opposing side walls and the second pair of opposing side walls connected perpendicularly to each other. The top surface has a plurality of longitudinal grooves which are formed therein and extend parallel to each other. Each one of the plurality of grooves has a width substantially equal to each other. The paving block body has at least one projection connected to one of the side walls and positioned between the top and bottom surfaces. The at least one projection projects from the one side wall a distance equal to or substantially equal to the width of the grooves.

Abstract: A revetment block for use as end blocks with an articulating revetment mat. The revetment mat end blocks having a size of about one and a half times larger than the standard blocks of the revetment mat and are formed of precast concrete. The block preferably has four sidewalls each with a vertical portion and a tapered portion. The sidewalls have a plurality of projections and recesses for interlocking with adjacent revetment blocks, wherein some of the recesses form openings with adjacent blocks. The revetment block also has at least one dome with a pair of openings extending from an upper dome plateau to a lower surface of the block. The revetment block further comprises a pair of openings extending from the lower surface of the block to an upper surface. Extending through parallel sides of the revetment block are a plurality of ducts for cable which interlocks the revetment mat rows.

Abstract: A spacer plate for use in making a hollow floor has a plurality of truncated cone-shaped spacer elements extending from one side of the plate, and distributed in a row wise and column wise arrangement, for supporting the spacer plate from an underfloor, and also formed in the spacer plate are grooves formed in the same side of the plate as the spacer elements for holding a pipe conducting a heating or cooling medium, with the grooves surrounding at least a half of the circumference of the pipe to securely hold the pipe in place on the plate, so that the heating or cooling medium conducted through the pipe can come into heat exchange relationship not only with an upper floor laid on top of the spacer plate but also with air conducted through space existing between the spacer plate and the underfloor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a construction kit made of concrete paving stones comprising substantially prismatic stone bodies of a uniform height and upright lateral surfaces. A plurality of stone paving stones (2) arranged in rows and having the same width in addition to the same or different lengths can be placed manually or placed by means of a machine with continuous or offset joints in said joint areas. A plurality of rows of paving stones that are arranged next to each other in a parallel position is used to form a rectangular or square packet that can be placed using a machine. The paving stones (2) have side surfaces (4) which have head pieces (2′) that are defined by a wavy line along part of their height and base pieces (2″) in sections, comprising domed areas (5) or projections jutting out laterally in relation to the head pieces (2′) extending along another part of their height.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stone structure assembly, comprising a plurality of stones, especially concrete blocks, having similar height, upper and lower sides extending on parallel planes and vertical side walls. In order to place the thirteen stone blocks pertaining to said assembly in such a way that they cannot be displaced and that similarly narrow spacing gaps are formed in-between said stones, two stones are shaped as a prism with the same surface area and eleven stones are shaped as a trapezium with differing surface areas. The stones in the stone structure assembly are configured as a single piece with a bottom section and a top section set back from the peripheral surface of the base section at least in certain areas.

Abstract: The improved revetment system is created using a plurality of substantially identical blocks which comprise a body having at least one channel therein leading to a slot and at least one arm extending outwardly of the body and terminating in a locking ear. The ear engages in a slot of an adjacent block and is of less depth than the slot, with the arm being of a length at least equal to and preferably greater than that of the channel, the slot including a removable spacer tab therein which abuts a terminal edge of the ear to keep the blocks spaced apart and an area of the block defined by the arm and ear having an arcuately downwardly sloped top surface with a terminal edge of the ear defining a lowermost position along the arcuate surface.

Abstract: To improve the flow-off of liquids from the laying pattern and mechanical laying in a concrete paving block, the ground area of the body (1) of the block has a rectangular shape formed by three squares (2, 3, 4) of equal size, the upright side surfaces of the body (1) extend evenly transversely to the ground area and each side surface of the body (1) has at least one projecting strip-like extension (5) which can be supported in the pattern with the formation of seams on adjacent bodies (1) and form interlocks or the like with extensions (5) of adjacent bodies (1).

Abstract: A paving stone, made from concrete material, having a one-piece plane surface and two strip like support attachments arranged on each lateral surface. These support attachments form joints between adjacent paving stones in a laid composite structure. On each side, two support attachments are symmetrically arranged with center spacings relative to the planes of symmetry, wherein these planes of symmetry extend through the centers of adjacent lateral surfaces. When these paving stones are stacked next to each other, the support attachments from a first paving stone is disposed adjacent to a support attachment on an adjacent paving stone.

Abstract: There is provided an artificial stone for strengthening traffic surfaces in the open, in which the stone, in order to provide wide grooves between adjacently laid stones, is provided on its edge surfaces with integrally formed, completely identical spacer elements, the contacting free end surfaces of the spacer elements having, adjacent one another, a tooth and a recessed contact surface for the tooth of the adjacently laid stone; the tooth-recess sequence, in one peripheral direction of the stone, being the same for all spacer elements; the effective length of the individual edge surfaces of a stone, parallel to the laying plane, being the same as, or a whole-number multiple of, a smallest effective length; each edge surface segment which has the smallest effective length being provided with a spacer element; and the central axes of all spacer elements lying in the middle of the corresponding edge surface segment.

Abstract: A mold apparatus for forming concrete border stones has a unitary generally rectangular body with contiguous opposed longitudinal side walls, opposed outwardly curved end walls at each end thereof, an open bottom end, an apertured top wall, and an interior vertical wall extending transversely between the longitudinal side walls. The walls circumscribe generally rectangular longitudinally adjacent cavities for receiving concrete therein and generally rectangular openings in the top wall define generally rectangular longitudinally adjacent openings at an upper end of the cavities. An opening through a lower portion of the interior vertical wall joins the lower portion of adjacent ends of the cavities together. In a preferred embodiment the vertical wall is disposed closer to one end wall than the other to form a longer generally rectangular stone shape and a longitudinally adjacent shorter generally rectangular stone shape.

Abstract: An impact-absorbing flooring system of modular design is described, with applications in areas of nursing homes where there is a high risk of injury due to falls or in sports facilities for high impact events such as gymnastics and tumbling or with other uses. For example, the invention could also take the form of a safety mat or coaming for use around slippery areas like bathtubs, showers or the edge of swimming pools. The system provides a significant reduction in peak impact load during falls, yet retains a substantially non-compliant configuration during normal motions. The flooring system comprises a series of sections or tiles which can be interconnected to cover the high-risk area. Each tile is composed of a plurality of elastomeric columns sandwiched between two urethane sheets. The top sheet and projecting columns are preferably molded as one piece and then the lower sheet is secured about the free ends of the columns to produce a secure attachment and an integrated unit.

Abstract: A concrete paving stone adapted to be disposed in circular and elongate paving configurations. The paving stone includes at least two side walls and a substantially planar upper face, each of the side walls being an arched side wall and including an elevated face at a center region thereof which comprises an abutting surface and two associated wedge surfaces adjoining the abutting surface on both sides thereof. The associated wedge surfaces extend from the abutting surface to an associated arched side wall. The elevated face further extends across a substantial portion of a length of the associated arched side wall and is effective for creating a fixed abutment between adjoining arched side walls of adjoining paving stones in a paving configuration.

Abstract: A paving block (10) has substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces, is based upon hexagonal geometry and has a central portion (10a) which is a substantially equilateral triangle and three portions (10b) (herein called apex portions) Each apex portion is located in the region which would otherwise be the location of a respective apex of the triangle. Each apex portion has a first pair of walls (17) each of which in part defines a boundary of one of three recesses in the block and a third wall (17c) which defines an outer boundary of the respective apex portion. The third wall is shaped to secure an interfit between a recess of one block and an apex portion of an adjacent similar block, the interfit being incomplete and arranged to define one of a plurality of water run-away holes (20) in an array of laid blocks.

Abstract: The side surfaces of compound stones are provided with relatively flat elements which interlock with little play when said stones are laid out, while adjoining side surfaces of neighboring stones are in contact along two lines only. A compromise between a sufficient mutual securement of the stones and a certain mutual mobility thereof is thus obtained. In particular, a certain tilting of neighboring stones with respect to each other is possible, whereby it is possible to produce pavements in uneven places.

Abstract: A paving stone is provided that can be laid in a plurality of open patterns, each presenting a different amount of drainage area, while retaining an interlocking relationship between adjacent stones of the pattern. In the preferred embodiment, the stone can also be laid in a closed pattern, with no drainage areas provided other than the drainage at the boundaries of the stones. Each side surface of the stone has an odd number of faces, arranged in a stair-step shape. Preferably, each of the side surfaces is symmetrical about the center face, and all sides, or at least opposite sides, are identical.

Abstract: An arcuate paving block assembly comprising two outer transitional blocks (1) with four arcuate sides, wherein two adjacent sides (10, 18) are curved inwards and the other two sides (19, 20) are curved outwards in order to form a continuous transition from one arc to another; adjacent thereto on both sides an equal number of arc blocks (2, 3, 4; 2a, 3a, 4a) constructed to be mirror images of each other and symmetrical or mirror image shaped keystones of apex blocks (5, 6, 5a, 6a; 7, 7a, 8) which together make up the entire length of an arc, the whole being such that when laid the two outer edges (10) of the transitional blocks (1) enclose an angle of 90.degree. and the height (H) of all the blocks measured at right angles to an imaginary baseline (S) through the lower corner of the transitional blocks (1) is the same.

Abstract: A paving stone of a square block including four lateral edges, four angled corners and a central hole. The four lateral edges of the square block each have a v-shaped notch formed therein mesial the angled corners. The paving stone also including a plurality of groove-like recesses extending between the corner of the v-shaped notches and the corners of said central square hole to form a paving stone having the appearance of four separate octagons.

Abstract: The paving stone set consists of stones 11-16 each with six lateral boundary surfaces 1-6, 17-22. Four of these boundary surfaces 1 and 4; 3 and 5; 18 and 21; 19 and 22 are parallel to one of the other of the four surfaces, while the remaining two surfaces 2 and 6; 17 and 20 define planes which intersect at an acute angle. On the straight edges, the stones 11-13 are laid alternatingly. A joint pattern is created with expansion joints, which do not stand vertically to the support joints. The expansion joints are formed from two wedges directed opposite to one another, and therefore have an effect which is irregular in comparison with the support joints. The slotted boundary surfaces 2, 6 make it possible to lay the stones 11-13 according to the sloping angles selected in curves with small radii chosen as desired, whereby the wedge-shaped joints close gradually. The stones 14-16 serve as a supplementary curve set, and make possible the laying of Roman arrow patterns, as well as an Archimedean spiral.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a prefabricated composite pavement device comprising a shaped pavement mixture portion bonded to a support portion and a method and apparatus for making the same.

Abstract: Known groundcovering elements (44) consist of three basic shaped slabs which are connected to form a unit and which are delimited from one another by at least two dummy joints (stem dummy joint 74 and middle dummy joint 81), the peripheral surface having projections (67, 68, 79) and depressions (69, 70, 80) along an (imaginary) base line to form a toothing. To improve the stability and laying of such groundcovering elements (44), it is proposed to make these T-shaped by means of a half-size stem (13) formed approximately centrally on an elongate crossbar (12). When rhombi (45-47) are used as the basic shaped slab, the groundcovering element (44) has the form of an inclined "T".

Abstract: The invention relates to a curved like paving stone element for setting of a curved paving, characterized in that the curved element is limited by an outer circular curve having a radius and an inner circular curve having the same radius with the center points of the circular curves disposed on a radial straight at a distance from each other corresponding to the largest width of the curved element. The curved element consists of two outer stones and a center stone of about the same curvature length, where the outer stones are separated into three individual stones by means of non-continuous separating joints and the center stone is separated into either two or three individual stones. The curved element is asymmetrically offset with respect to the radial straight in such a manner that the outer edge of an outer stone is smaller than the opposite outer edge of the other outer stone and the size of this difference corresponds to about the width of the stone with the smaller outer edge.

Abstract: A ground covering slab is subdivided into neighboring preformed individual stones interconnected along rupture zones of which at least parts extend non-rectilinearly from one edge of the slab to the opposite edge of the slab as seen in plan view and the preformed individual stones are of at least two kinds differing in size distributed throughout the slab.